界面调控对竹纤维/聚乳酸复合材料性能的影响

分别采用碱(NaOH)处理、异氰酸酯(MDI)处理以及NaOH+MDI处理的界面调控方法对竹纤维/聚乳酸复合材料界面进行调控。结果表明,3种界面调控均改善了竹纤维/聚乳酸复合材料界面粘接性能、拉伸强度、冲击强度和防水性能;界面调控后,复合材料的粘流活化能增加,而热流动性因竹纤维与聚乳酸交联变得困难;复合材料玻璃转化温度和结晶温度升高,熔融峰变窄;复合材料热降解温度升高,热稳定性增加。NaOH+MDI联合对竹纤维/聚乳酸复合材料界面调控效果最好,对复合材料的性能影响最显著。     

竹纤维/聚乳酸复合材料自然老化性能研究

采用氢氧化钠(NaOH)+异氰酸酯(MDI)处理的界面调控方法对竹纤维/聚乳酸复合材料界面进行调控,通过注射成型工艺制备竹纤维/聚乳酸复合材料。利用傅里叶红外光谱、X射线衍射、凝胶渗透色谱及扫描电镜等分析手段研究了竹纤维/聚乳酸复合材料的自然老化性能。研究发现,自然老化过程中,在水、光、热和氧的协同作用下,复合材料中的聚乳酸分子不断产生水解,分子链断裂,分子量减小,聚乳酸由一定的结晶态逐渐转变为无定形态,结晶度减小,聚乳酸自身强度不断下降,聚乳酸与竹纤维的粘结力不断降低,二者接合界面被破坏,复合材料质量不断减少、力学性能不断下降。老化137d后,复合材料表面出现明显的裂纹,拉伸强度和冲击强度分别降低了69.6%和75.8%。竹纤维/聚乳酸复合材料自然老化较严重,需要采用一定的技术手段进一步改善复合材料户外使用性能。     

竹纤维质量分数对竹纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料性能影响

以1.5%异氰酸酯(MDI)界面改性剂改性处理后的竹纤维和聚乳酸为原料,通过注射成型工艺制备竹纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料,探讨竹纤维质量分数对复合材料界面、力学性能、吸水率、热性能的影响。结果表明,随着竹纤维质量分数的增加,复合材料拉伸强度、冲击强度、存储模量以及热稳定性均先增大后减小,24h吸水率逐渐增大,损耗因子逐渐降低。竹纤维质量分数为50%时,复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度分别达到最大值63.2MPa和11.6kJ/m2,复合材料存储模量最大,热稳定性最好。     

竹纤维质量分数对竹纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料性能影响

以1.5%异氰酸酯(MDI)界面改性剂改性处理后的竹纤维和聚乳酸为原料,通过注射成型工艺制备竹纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料,探讨竹纤维质量分数对复合材料界面、力学性能、吸水率、热性能的影响。结果表明,随着竹纤维质量分数的增加,复合材料拉伸强度、冲击强度、存储模量以及热稳定性均先增大后减小,24h吸水率逐渐增大,损耗因子逐渐降低。竹纤维质量分数为50%时,复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度分别达到最大值63.2/MPa和11.6/kJ/m2,复合材料存储模量最大,热稳定性最好。     

竹纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料热老化性能

采用氢氧化钠和异氰酸酯处理的界面调控方法对竹纤维(BF)增强聚乳酸(PLA)复合材料界面进行调控,通过注射成型工艺制备BF/PLA复合材料。利用FTIR、XRD、凝胶渗透色谱及SEM等分析手段研究了BF/PLA复合材料热老化性能。研究发现: 热老化过程中PLA分子链中的C O不断水解,分子链的C—O断裂生成聚合度更低的小分子量的PLA,PLA结晶度减小,PLA与BF的接合界面被破坏,拉伸强度和冲击强度随老化时间的增加逐渐降低。BF/PLA复合材料在80℃热老化16天后拉伸强度和冲击强度分别降低了75%和77.6%,在100℃热老化32 h后拉伸强度和冲击强度分别降低了80.3%和83.4%。温度对BF/PLA复合材料老化影响显著,温度越高,老化速度越快。     

碱处理对竹纤维/聚乳酸可降解复合材料性能影响研究

以NaOH溶液为改性剂对竹纤维进行碱处理,再与聚乳酸(PLA)熔融共混制备竹纤维/PLA可降解复合材料。探讨了NaOH溶液浓度、碱处理时间和碱处理温度对复合材料拉伸强度、抗弯强度和耐水性能的影响规律,并采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对碱处理竹纤维的表面形貌进行了观测。结果表明,碱处理使竹纤维表面粗糙度增大,单纤维的强度提高,有效提高了与PLA基体的机械黏接力。但碱浓度过大、处理时间过长或处理温度过高时,纤维素分子链排列致密程度降低,整体纤维的力学性能下降。NaOH溶液浓度为3%,处理时间为4h,处理温度为60℃时,所制得竹纤维/PLA复合材料拉伸性能、弯曲性能和耐水性能均最佳。     

竹纤维/聚乳酸可降解复合材料相容界面构建进展

竹纤维/聚乳酸可降解复合材料是一种性能优越、可完全生物降解的绿色生态环保材料。在针对亲水竹纤维与疏水聚乳酸界面不相容而导致竹纤维/聚乳酸复合材料性能劣化的问题,研究者通常采用三种策略来提高其界面相容性:竹纤维改性、聚乳酸树脂改性和增容剂改性。在现有研究基础上,未来可以通过引进纳米纤维改性粒子改善复合体系的界面相容性,完善两相界面基础理论,促进更深入的界面作用及其机理研究,以推动竹纤维/聚乳酸可降解复合材料的发展。     

苎麻织物表面改性对其增强热固性聚乳酸复合材料力学及阻燃性能的影响

采用碱处理、硅烷偶联剂处理、碱+硅烷偶联剂复合处理、碱+阻燃剂+硅烷偶联剂复合处理对苎麻织物进行表面改性,采用模压工艺制备了苎麻织物增强热固性聚乳酸(PLA)复合材料。研究了4种表面改性方法对苎麻织物/PLA复合材料弯曲性能的影响,采用SEM研究了苎麻纤维与PLA基体之间的界面结合状况。结果表明:经过4种表面改性处理后苎麻织物/PLA复合材料的弯曲性能均有所提高,其中碱+硅烷偶联剂复合处理后提高幅度最大,苎麻织物/PLA复合材料的弯曲强度、模量分别提高了59.5%、51.9%。碱+阻燃剂+硅烷偶联剂复合处理后苎麻织物/PLA复合材料的弯曲强度、模量较未处理时分别提高了38.0%、66.8%;且苎麻织物/PLA复合材料60s点火时间的损毁长度为8.25cm,达到了美国DOT/FAA/AR-00/12要求的标准。SEM结果表明:改性处理后苎麻织物/PLA复合材料中纤维与树脂之间的界面结合更好。     

表面处理玄武岩纤维增强水泥基复合材料力学性能

为提高玄武岩纤维(BF)与水泥基体的界面结合力和桥接作用,分别采用HCl溶液(0~2.0mol/L)和NaOH溶液(0~2.0mol/L)对BF表面进行刻蚀糙化处理,研究纤维表面处理对BF增强水泥基复合材料的力学性能影响规律。结果表明:随着HCl溶液浓度增加,BF/水泥复合材料抗折强度与弯曲强度均先增加后降低,挠度呈现缓慢增加趋势,而抗压强度变化幅度较小;当HCl溶液浓度为1mol/L时,BF/水泥复合材料的强度与韧性最佳;碱处理BF后,BF/水泥复合材料的力学性能随NaOH浓度增加而显著降低,且复合材料韧性无明显改善;BF经HCl溶液腐蚀后的质量保留率变化规律与NaOH溶液腐蚀后的变化规律接近,而经HCl溶液腐蚀后BF强度保留率大于NaOH溶液腐蚀后的BF强度保留率。     

碱处理对竹纤维及竹纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料性能的影响

为探究竹纤维表面能对纤维与树脂的粘附功及复合材料界面的影响,采用碱处理对竹纤维进行表面改性,通过模压工艺制备了竹纤维增强聚丙烯(PP)复合材料。研究了碱处理对竹纤维性能、竹纤维与PP间的粘附功及对竹纤维/PP复合材料力学性能的影响,采用SEM研究了不同浓度碱处理后竹纤维表面形貌的变化。结果表明:随着碱浓度的增加,竹纤维断裂强度呈现一定波动,当碱浓度为1wt%时竹纤维断裂强度达到最大值;竹纤维与PP的粘附功与竹纤维极性比密切相关,竹纤维极性比越小,粘附功越大;随着碱浓度增大,竹纤维与PP间粘附功与竹纤维/PP复合材料剪切性能呈现相同的趋势,并且都在碱浓度为20wt%时达到最大值,此时竹纤维与PP的粘附功较未处理时提高了67.18%;竹纤维/PP复合材料剪切性能较未处理时提高了23.29%;复合材料弯曲强度在碱浓度为5wt%时达到最大值,相比未处理时提高了23.13%。     

Effect of nano anhydrous magnesium carbonateon fire-retardant performance of polylactic acid/bamboo fibers composites

Polylactic acid/bamboo fibers (PLA/BF) composites, which are extremely flammable, must be carried out fire-retardant processing. However, traditional organic flame retardants release certain amount of pollutant to the environment, and inorganic flame retardants require more addition, which influenced the mechanical properties of composites. Therefore, nano inorganic flame retardants, which have some characteristics of small size, uniform shape and high specific surface area, can bring good flame-retardant effect with relatively few addition. Meanwhile, it can enhance the interaction of composites interface, and disperse more evenly in polylactic acid matrix. Furthermore, it has light influence on the physical mechanical properties. In this study, nano anhydrous magnesium carbonate (NAMC) is used as flame retardant, Cone Calorimeter and Dynamic Thermal Mechanical Analyzer are adopted for studying the fire-retardant properties and the dynamic thermodynamic parameters of the polylactic acid/bamboo fiber composites, respectively. Results show that nano anhydrous magnesium carbonate flame retardant have good fire-retardant performance for the polylactic acid/bamboo fiber composites, considering practicality and economy, its ideal addition is 5%.     

How to improve mechanical properties of polylactic acid with bamboo fibers

Bamboo fibers (BF) were mixed in polylactic acid (PLA) to improve its mechanical properties: impact strength and heat resistance. Three different types of BF were extracted from raw bamboo by either sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treatment or steam explosion in conjunction with mechanical processing. They were designated as “short fiber bundle,” “alkali-treated filament” and “steam-exploded filament,” respectively. Composite samples were fabricated by injection molding using PLA/BF pellets prepared by a twin-screw extruding machine. Among them, the highest bending strength was obtained when steam-exploded filaments were put into PLA matrix. Impact strength of PLA was not greatly improved by addition of short fiber bundles as well as both filaments. In order to improve the impact strength of PLA/BF composites, PLA composite samples were alternatively fabricated by hot pressing using medium length bamboo fiber bundles (MFB) to avoid the decrease in fiber length at fabrication. Impact strength of PLA/MFB composite significantly increased, in which long fiber bundles were pulled out from the matrix. The addition of BF improves thermal properties and heat resistance of PLA/BF composites due to the constraint of deformation of PLA in conjunction with crystallinity promoted by anneal (at 110 °C for 5 h).     

竹炭和壳聚糖对聚氯乙烯基木塑复合材料界面性能的影响

以杨木粉为填充材料,聚氯乙烯（PVC）为基体材料,添加竹炭和壳聚糖,采用挤出成型制备竹炭和壳聚糖改性木粉/PVC木塑复合材料,采用SEM观察复合材料表面微观形貌,采用综合热分析仪分析复合材料的热稳定性,采用FTIR分析其官能团变化,测试了木粉/PVC木塑复合材料的力学性能。结果表明:复合添加竹炭和壳聚糖可较好地改善木粉和PVC的界面作用力和界面相容性,提高复合材料的力学性能,其拉伸强度、冲击强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量分别比未添加增加14.6%、28.8%、11.1%和4.85%,且复合材料的微观界面缺陷较少;竹炭可提高复合材料的热稳定性,复合添加竹炭和壳聚糖可增加复合材料中羟基、氨基和亚甲基的数量,减弱碳氯键的结合强度,从而增强复合材料中木粉和PVC的界面结合力。      

相容剂对长玻纤增强热塑性聚氨酯弹性体/聚乳酸复合材料性能的影响

采用熔体浸渍工艺制备长玻纤增强热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)/聚乳酸(PLA)复合材料;以苯乙烯-丙烯腈接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(SAG)作为相容剂,热塑性弹性体聚氨酯作为增韧剂,聚乳酸为基体树脂,考察苯乙烯-丙烯腈接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯用量对长玻璃纤维增强聚TPU/PLA复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,加入苯乙烯-丙烯腈接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯能改善长玻璃纤维增强聚TPU/PLA复合材料的相容性;长玻璃纤维增强聚TPU/PLA复合材料的拉伸强度、缺口冲击强度、弯曲强度和模量等力学性能及储能模量随着苯乙烯-丙烯腈接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯用量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,而长玻璃纤维增强聚TPU/PLA复合材料的损耗因子则随苯乙烯-丙烯腈接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯含量的增加呈现降低后增加的趋势;通过复合材料的形态分析表明,加入相容剂的复合材料中玻璃纤维与基体树脂界面强度增加,且玻璃纤维表面有一层包覆的树脂基体;通过分析得出,当相容剂添加量为6%时,长玻璃纤维增强聚TPU/PLA复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和模量、缺口冲击强度等力学性能最优。     

植物纤维增强PLA-EAA复合材料的制备与性能

开发新型环保材料以替代塑料已成为解决当前环境问题的主要途径,聚乳酸(PLA)虽然拥有良好的强度,而其较差的韧性极大地限制了其应用.针对此缺陷,本文以乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物(EAA)为增韧组分,蒸汽闪爆处理后的稻草纤维(SF)为增强组分加入PLA中,通过熔融挤出制备得到了不同原料配比的PLA/EAA/SF复合物,并通过对复合材料形态、热性能及力学性能的表征分析了EAA和植物纤维的加入及用量对复合材料性能的影响.研究结果表明:EAA用量的增加有效提高了复合物的韧性,但其强度低且抑制了聚乳酸的结晶进而使得复合物强度大幅降低;植物纤维的加入既体现明显的增强效果,又起到了连接两相作用,有利于EAA在PLA中的均匀分散,尤其是在高EAA含量的体系中,植物纤维加入还具有增韧效果;同时,EAA的加入还有利于改善复合材料的熔体流动性.当PLA/EAA/SF质量比为60/40/10时,复合材料冲击强度和断裂伸长率较纯PLA提高约15%和65%,且具有良好的力学性能及加工性.     

改性椰纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料力学性能

目的添加适量椰纤维(CF)改善聚乳酸(PLA)的力学性能,以适应产品的包装。方法采用熔融共混法制备不同CF含量的CF/PLA复合材料。通过力学性能测试、扫描电子显微镜观察和动态热力学性能测试,探讨添加不同含量的碱洗CF对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果与纯PLA相比,复合材料的拉伸强度降低,冲击强度增大,储能模量增大,玻璃化转变温度降低。当碱洗CF质量分数为3%时,复合材料的冲击强度比纯PLA增加了24%。结论添加CF有利于提高复合材料的力学性能,碱液浸泡更有利于改善CF和PLA基体的界面相容性。     

Chemical treatment of sisal fiber using alkali and clay method

In this study the chemical treatment of sisal fiber using the combined alkali (NaOH) and clay is discussed. The purpose of this fiber treatment is to improve the fiber–matrix compatibility, interface strength, mechanical, thermal and water barrier properties. The phase change due to chemical treatment of raw sisal fiber was examined by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. The result shows the presence of about 20 wt.% clays in NaOH–clay treated sisal fiber with 2.6× reduced water uptake and also with improved mechanical and thermal properties. Subsequently the treated and untreated fibers were reinforced in polypropylene (PP) matrix and the mechanical and thermal properties were examined. The result indicates that the fiber–matrix interface strength, adhesion, glass transition temperature and tensile properties of composites were improved in NaOH–clay treated fiber composites.     

Effects of alkali treatment and elevated temperature on the mechanical properties of bamboo fibre–polyester composites

Bamboo fibre reinforced composites are not fully utilised due to the limited understanding on their mechanical characteristics. In this paper, the effects of alkali treatment and elevated temperature on the mechanical properties of bamboo fibre reinforced polyester composites were investigated. Laminates were fabricated using untreated and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treated (4–8% by weight) randomly oriented bamboo fibres and tested at room and elevated temperature (40, 80 and 120 °C). An improvement in the mechanical properties of the composites was achieved with treatment of the bamboo fibres. An NaOH concentration of 6% was found optimum and resulted in the best mechanical properties. The bending, tensile and compressive strength as well as the stiffness of this composite are 7, 10, 81, and 25%, respectively higher than the untreated composites. When tested up to 80 °C, the flexural and tensile strength are enhanced but the bending stiffness and compressive strength decreased as these latter properties are governed by the behaviour of resin. At 40 and 80 °C, the bond between the untreated fibres and polyester is comparable to that of treated fibres and polyester which resulted in almost same mechanical properties. However, a significant decrease in all mechanical properties was observed for composites tested at 120 °C.