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多联产能源系统与二氧化碳减排 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文提出了中国C O减排切实可行的切入点—燃煤发电行业。燃煤发电行业减排2CO的实施和我国煤炭现代化利用的能源发展战略是密不可分的。以煤气化为基础的多联产能2源系统正是一个可分阶段逐步实施的资源、能源、环境一体化的战略路线。对多联产系统不同发展阶段的多种配置的系统方案3E特性(Energy,Economics,Environment)的详细研究表明,多联产系统具有易于经济高效回收和减排CO的特点,可根据不同时间阶段和不同幅度的2CO减排需求提供不同配置的系统方案,并可逐步过渡到近零排放。基于此,本文提出了实施2多联产能源战略分阶段减排CO的技术工艺、系统方案和研发的初步设想。2 相似文献
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21世纪能源以及环境问题已经成为了各国的头等问题。我国建筑耗能的数字非常惊人:在建造和使用过程中直接消耗的能源占全社会总能耗的20%。根据发达国家的发展经验,这一比例将逐步提高35%左右,建筑能耗极有可能在不远的将来成为我国第一耗能大户。本文介绍了城市建筑中提供冷热电能量的四种方式。结合作者自身能源审计的经验比较了传统的中央空调加锅炉供能系统、分布式三联供系统以及地源热泵、太阳能供能的新能源供给系统的能效与减排量。得出了传统的能源供给系统虽然操作简单但是比较耗能而且排出的有害气体较多,三联供系统受天然气价格影响偏大,太阳能、地热能如不受限制应该尽可能运用的结论。最后笔者提出了我国建筑节能的设计方法以及发展前景。 相似文献
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CO_2减排、处理技术的量化讨论与分类评价 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
全球变暖的主要原因是由于大量温室气体排放导致了温室效应,而温室气体的主要组成部分就是CO2。Q1为人类对环境的最低要求值所对应的CO2总量,当大气中的CO2总量大于Q1时,表示环境已不适合人类居住和发展。大气中CO2总量随时间变化的峰值Q2必须远小于Q1,否则CO2排放对人类社会构成的危险性依然很大。在假设能源消耗全部用于GDP的增长,所有能量只分为碳能量和氢能量两部分,对CO2技术的资金投入由P1、P2、P3三部分组成的基础上,引入与CO2变化相关的量化关系式。根据关系式,可以通过提高能源利用效率、减少能源浪费、发展可再生能源和替代能源、改变能源结构来降低单位GDP的CO2排放量。发达国家应将技术资金投入的重点放在发展可再生能源与CO2捕集和储存技术方面,而发展中国家投资的重点应放在提高能源利用效率方面。CO2减排和净化处理技术可分为降低单位GDP的CO2排放量、CO2的暂时储存和CO2的永久固化3个方面。我国现阶段应加大提高能源利用效率和增加清洁能源比例的投入;从长远来看,应加大对CO2捕集和储存技术的投入,特别是实现永久性储存。 相似文献
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针对目前石油仓储企业需要利用燃油锅炉产生蒸汽,对高凝点、高粘度油品进行保温的现状,通过分析燃油锅炉的热力系统,提出通过提升进入除氧器补充水的水温,从而减少热力除氧器消耗的蒸汽量以达到减少燃料油消耗量的思路。介绍热泵系统的特点和优势及其与燃油锅炉联合供热的方案,并通过实例阐明热泵与燃油锅炉联合供热的经济效益。 相似文献
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对超稠油蒸汽吞吐井注入液态CO2过程中,CO2在井内相态变化以及对油层的热能消耗开展研究,得出CO2主要以液态形式注入油层,在注入过程结束后的4 ̄6h井底油层温度恢复到接近注入前水平;注入油层的液态CO2在汽化过程中所要吸收的热量为2914.341kJ/kg。根据上述研究结果,对现场实施工艺参数提出指导性建议。 相似文献
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Optimal option of distributed generation technologies for various commercial buildings 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Yingjun Ruan Qingrong Liu Weiguo Zhou Ryan Firestone Weijun Gao Toshiyuki Watanabe 《Applied Energy》2009
With the development of distributed generation (DG) technologies and the implementation of policies to encourage their applications, building combined heat and power (BCHP) is expected to play a greater role in the commercial buildings in the future. BCHP is a promising efficiency improvement and carbon mitigation strategy, but careful selection of technology and operation mode is required to achieve a reasonable system performance according to energy consumption characteristics of buildings and technical features of equipments. This paper analyzed energy consumption characteristics of four typical commercial buildings in Japan and simulated the energy system performances of four mostly widely adopted DG technologies under different operation mode conditions for the four buildings studied. Various scenarios were evaluated and compared regarding energy utilization efficiency, energy saving and environmental effects, as well as economic efficiency. Results show that the hotels and hospitals are more attractive for BCHP because of their stable thermal load demands and a favorable heat-to-power ratio, which is the most compatible match with available DG technologies. Furthermore, some DG technologies are more suitable for a certain type of building than others because of their technical features more matching with the building’s energy consumption characteristics, as well as the user’s motivation of selecting BCHP. In Japan, during selecting DG technologies, the prior order is gas turbines (GT), gas engines (GE), diesel engines (DE) and phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFC) for the hotels, PAFC, GE and GT, DE for the hospitals, PAFC, DE, GE and GT for the stores, as well as DE, PAFC, GE and GT for the offices. 相似文献
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目前北方现有住宅采暖仍以单管顺流式的供暖系统为主,尚有较重的计量收费、节能的改造任务,本文给出了多种改造方案,分别指出了其优缺点和适用范围;在南方地区住宅供冷系统现采用房间电空调器和集中空调,本文对其优缺点加以分析;并指出今后城镇住宅供暖、供冷形式的未来趋势。 相似文献
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This paper develops a multiperiod multiobjective optimization procedure to determine the optimal configuration and operational strategy of a trigeneration system assisted with solar-based technologies and thermal energy storage. The optimization model, formulated as mixed integer linear programming problem, incorporates dynamic operating conditions through time-dependent local climatic data, energy resources, energy demands, electricity prices, and electricity CO2 emission factors. The methodology is applied to a case study of a residential building in Spain. First, the single-objective solutions are obtained, highlighting their fundamental differences regarding the installation of cogeneration (included in the optimal total annual cost solution) and solar-based technologies (included in the optimal total annual CO2 emissions solution). Then, the Pareto curve is generated, and a decision-making approach is proposed to select the preferred trade-off solutions based on the marginal cost of CO2 emissions saved. Additionally, sensitivity analyses are performed to investigate the influence of key parameters concerning energy resources prices, investment costs, and rooftop area. The analyses of the trade-off solutions verify the enormous potential for CO2 emissions reduction, which can reach 32.3% with only 1.1% higher costs by displacing cogeneration in favor of the heat pump and the electric grid. Besides, with a modest cost increase of 7.3%, photovoltaic panels are incorporated, promoting an even greater CO2 emissions reduction of 45.2%. 相似文献
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This paper presents an efficient algorithm for optimization of radial distribution systems by a network reconfiguration to balance feeder loads and eliminate overload conditions. The system load-balancing index is used to determine the loading conditions of the system and maximum system loading capacity. The index value has to be minimum in the optimal network reconfiguration of load balancing. The tabu search algorithm is employed to search for the optimal network reconfiguration. The basic idea behind the search is a move from a current solution to its neighborhood by effectively utilizing a memory to provide an efficient search for optimality. It presents low computational effort and is able to find good quality configurations. Simulation results for a radial 69-bus system. The study results show that the optimal on/off patterns of the switches can be identified to give the best network reconfiguration involving balancing of feeder loads while respecting all the constraints. 相似文献
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推导了CO2吸收工艺系统再生能耗计算公式,分析了吸收剂性质对再生能耗的影响,计算得到不同质量分数下吸收剂的再生能耗;提出几种基于槽式太阳能辅助燃煤发电技术的CO2减排集成方案,以N600-24.2/566/566型发电机组为例,以集成系统热耗率、发电标准煤耗率和热效率作为经济性指标,采用热平衡法对不同集成方案机组的热经济性指标进行了计算和比较.结果表明:在加入太阳能热量和机组主蒸汽质量流量不变的情况下,集成方案5在设计辐照强度下的热耗率和发电标准煤耗率均最低,是最经济的集成方案. 相似文献
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阐述了分布式供能系统总热效率和热电比之间的关系,对常用的燃气原动机的总热效率和热电比进行了分析,并根据目前和将来的燃气原动机的技术条件提出了分布式供能系统合适的总热效和热电比。 相似文献
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分析某石化公司2#PX装置加热炉系统热效率下降的原因,介绍提高热效率的具体措施,通过更换余热系统失效热管,并建议增加加热炉对流室换热面积及改造空气预热器的方法,提高系统整体热效率,保证装置高负荷长周期经济运行。 相似文献
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微燃机分布式供能系统选择微型燃气轮机发电机组(简称微燃机)作为原动机,具有系统整洁美观、运行稳定智能、安装环境要求不高、占地面积小、噪音低等优点。通过其在医院和办公楼能源中心中的实践,不仅验证了上述优点,而且通过对系统性能数据的实测,得出系统电力和余热均能被充分利用,热电比和年一次能源利用率均较高等结论。总结系统实施的经验,成功和不足,望能与同行业同仁分享。 相似文献