PBT/粘土纳米复合材料的制备和性能表征

通过插层聚合的方法制备了ＰＢＴ／粘土纳米复合材料，用ＷＡＸＤ、ＤＳＣ、ＰＬＭ等手段研究了其结构与结晶行为，并与纯ＰＢＴ的性能及结构进行了比较。通过测试其力学性能及耐水解性研究了粘土对ＰＢＴ树脂性能的影响。结果表明通过插层聚合制犁纳米ＰＢＴ树脂的性能比树脂有很多优点，为拓宽ＰＢＴ的应用范围开辟了一条新的途径。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备PMMA/SiO2透明纳米复合材料的研究

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯（ＭＭＡ）、正硅酸乙酯（ＴＥＯＳ）、ＫＨ－５７０为原料,采上发聚合、配合酸催化溶胶、凝胶（Ｓｏｌ－ｇｅｌ）方法制备了均匀透明的ＰＭＭＡ／ＳｉＯ２纳米复合材料,探讨了其工艺条件及影响因素,并采用红外（ＩＲ）、透射电镜及热重（ＴＧ）等测试方法对其进行了分析和表征。     

复合材料用预浸料

(续２)２．２热塑性树脂基体预浸料的制备工程用高性能热塑性树脂如ＰＥＥＫ、ＰＥＩ、ＰＰＳ等一般熔点较高 ,超过３００℃。熔融粘度大 ,而且粘度随温度的变化很小 ,这就给热塑性树脂基复合材料的成型工艺带来很大困难 ,制造热固性树脂预浸料的常规方法通常不能用于制造热塑性树脂预浸料。于是 ,热塑性树脂基体预浸料的制备就成为热塑性树脂基复合材料研究极为重要的课题。近２０年来 ,国内、外开展了大量研究工作 ,采取了多种工艺方法 ,获得了不少成果 ,常用的工艺方法如下 :２．１．１溶液浸渍法高性能热塑性树脂特别是ＰＥＥＫ、ＰＰＳ…     

环氧树脂/二氧化钛纳米复合材料的制备及性能

以纳米ＴｉＯ２ 为填料制备了环氧树脂／ 二氧化钛（ＥＰ／ＴｉＯ２） 纳米复合材料,研究了纳米ＴｉＯ２ 对复合材料性能的影响,结果表明,纳米ＴｉＯ２ 经表面处理后,可对环氧树脂实现增强、增韧,当填充质量分数为３ ％ 时,材料的拉伸弹性模量较ＥＰ提高３７０ ％ ,拉伸强度提高４４ ％ ,冲击强度提高８７８ ％ ,其他性能也有明显提高。     

铝塑复合带用树脂的研制

研究了以高度聚乙烯（ＨＤＰＥ）接枝马来酸酐（ＭＡＨ）为原料，制备铝塑复合带用树脂的技术。探讨了引发剂及接枝单体用量对熔体流动速率、接枝率、剥离强度的影响。结果表明：ＨＤＰＥ经过接枝马来酸酐并混配其它树脂可制得与ＥＡＡ（乙烯－丙烯酸共聚物）相媲美的铝塑复合带用树脂。     

聚氯乙烯/纳米氧化铝复合材料的制备与性能

利用硅烷偶联剂（KH 550）对纳米氧化铝进行有机化处理,并通过熔融共混制备了聚氯乙烯/纳米氧化铝复合材料。通过红外分析对纳米氧化铝进行了表征,采用扫描电子显微镜观察了纳米氧化铝在聚氯乙烯树脂中的分散状况,并对复合材料的热性能和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,经过表面改性的纳米氧化铝粒子在PVC基体中分布均匀;加入纳米氧化铝改善了复合材料的热性能和力学性能;当纳米氧化铝含量为3.0 %（质量分数,下同）时,复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度相对于纯聚氯乙烯材料分别提高了16.25 %和20.27 %。     

PP/EPDM/玻璃微珠复合材料动态力学性能的研究

应用动态力学分析仪,考察了玻璃微珠表面处理及其体积分数对ＰＰ／ＥＰＤＭ／玻璃微珠复合材料动态力学性能的影响。结果表明,ＰＰ／ＥＰＤＭ／用硅烷偶联剂ＣＰ０３作表面处理的玻璃微珠（Ｂ１）和ＰＰ／ＥＰＤＭ／未作表面处理的玻璃微珠（Ｂ２）复合材料的储能模量Ｅｃ′和损耗模量Ｅｃ″均随玻璃微珠体积分数φｇ的增大而呈非线性的增大;在相同条件下,ＰＰ／ＥＰＤＭ／Ｂ１复合材料的Ｅｃ′值大于ＰＰ／ＥＰＤＭ／Ｂ２复合材料,而两复合材料的Ｅｃ″值相近;随着φｇ的增大,ＰＰ／ＥＰＤＭ／Ｂ１复合材料的损耗因子ｔａｎδ减小,ＰＰ／ＥＰＤＭ／Ｂ２复合材料的ｔａｎδ增大;两复合材料的玻璃化转变温度Ｔｇ均呈不规则的变化。     

橡胶/炭黑复合材料的压敏性和时间响应性

以炭黑（Ｎ３３０,Ｎ５５０）为导电相,橡胶（ＮＲ,ＥＰＤＭ,ＮＢＲ）为基质制备压敏导电复合材料。研究了复合材料的压敏性和不同压力条件下复合材料的时间响应性,讨论了对复合材料性能和压敏性的影响。     

树脂传递模塑成型用高性能双马来酰亚胺改性树脂基体的研究

本文以烯丙基对甲酚醚（ＡＭＰＥ），作为双马来酰亚胺（ＢＭＩ）／二烯丙基双酚Ａ（ＤＡＢＰＡ）树脂体系的活性稀释剂，获得了适合树脂树脂传递成型（ＲＴＭ）工艺的三元共聚树脂体系。通过对该树脂体系及其固化物的粘度－温度－时间曲线，凝胶化特性、ＤＳＣ（微分扫描式量热）ＩＲ（红外光谱）、ＳＥＭ（电子显微镜扫描）和力学性能测试，表明该体系在ＲＴＭ成型 中，注射温度可取７０℃，该温度下，粘度仅０．３Ｐａ．ｓ，贮存     

PVF2／P（MM—St）共混体系的结晶性能和相容性的研究

用示差量热法（ＤＳＣ）、动态力学分析法（ＤＭＡ）和悬浮法测密度法研究了聚偏氟乙烯（ＰＶＦ２）／甲基丙烯酸甲酯与苯乙烯的无规共聚和［Ｐ（ＭＭＡ－Ｓｔ）］的共混体系的相容性和结晶性能。结果发现ＰＶＦ２／Ｐ（ＭＭＡ－Ｓｔ）共混体系是部分相容体系,其结晶性能随共混物中Ｐ（ＭＭＡ－Ｓｔ）的含量而变化,并就模压成型的热历史对该共混体系相容性的影响进行了讨论。     

阻燃环氧树脂/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料制备及阻燃性能

研究制备了环氧树脂(EP)/有机蒙脱土(OMMT)、N,N-二(2-羟乙基)氨甲基膦酸二乙酯(BHAPE)阻燃剂阻燃的EP和EP/OMMT等复合材料。XRD证明分散在复合材料中的OMMT为剥离型的,且BHAPE的加入不影响材料中OMMT剥离后的层间距。研究证明,单独使用BHAPE很难使EP通过UL 94 V-0阻燃级,仅添加OMMT的EP固化物,其氧指数和UL94阻燃性能几乎与纯EP固化物的一样。但是同时添加BHAPE和OMMT的EP固化物,当BHAPE和OMMT的添加量分别为25%和5%时,不仅BHAPE/EP/OMMT复合物的CONE阻燃参数都明显降低,而且能通过UL94V-0级。可能是BHAPE和OMMT在凝聚相同时发挥作用,即BHAPE和OMMT协同阻燃作用提高了复合材料的综合阻燃性能。     

环氧树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料制备及性能的研究进展

介绍蒙脱土(MMT)的性质及其有机化改性,详细阐述了环氧树脂(EP)/MMT纳米复合材料的制备方法及其性能,以及MMT在EP中的剥离机理,指出实现MMT在EP基体中完全剥离的方法仍是目前制备EP/MMT纳米复合材料的关键问题.     

In vitro biocompatibility and mucoadhesion of montmorillonite chitosan nanocomposite: A new drug delivery

A “Clay Bio Polymer Nanocomposite” (CBPN) to be used in drug release was prepared by dispersion of montmorillonite (Mt) particles in chitosan (Ch) solution. The obtained hybrid material was characterized for in vitro biocompatibility on Caco-2 cell cultures. Cytotoxicity and cell proliferation of the nanocomposite were tested, comparing results with free Ch and Mt. Cell proliferation was assessed both by WST-1 test and wound-healing measurements by means of Image Analysis Software. The last method is a proof of concept test that has the advantage of direct visualization and quantification of cell growth. Nanocomposite was also characterized for hydration (water uptake) pattern and mucoadhesive properties, which were considered as important features for the application of this material in modified release systems.Results showed that the prepared CBPN showed good biocompatibility in the range 5–500 μg/ml, being also able to effectively stimulate cell proliferation. Moreover, nanocomposite possessed mucoadhesive properties combined with low solubility in acidic environment. We conclude that interaction between Ch and Mt produced a new biohybrid material that can be considered as promising candidate for modified drug delivery formulations.     

Performance of EP/PpPDA and EP/PpPDA/SiO2 nanocomposite on corrosion inhibition of steel in hydrochloric acid solution

Epoxy-poly p-phenylendiamine (EP/PpPDA) and its nanocomposite with SiO₂ nanoparticles (EP/PpPDA/SiO₂) were synthesized and tested as potential corrosion inhibitors of steel in 1 M HCl solution. Performance of EP/PpPDA/SiO₂ and EP/PpPDA coatings on protection of steel against corrosion was investigated using potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and at various temperatures between 298 and 328 K. Changes in the coating resistance and charge-transfer resistance with temperature were analyzed to determine the activation energies of the processes involved. The determined values of activation energy showed that the EP/PpPDA/SiO₂ coating has better anti-corrosion effect than EP/PpPDA. The thermodynamic functions of dissolution processes were also calculated and discussed. The results from AFM observations indicated that the presence of SiO₂ nanoparticles increased the roughness of Epoxy-poly p-phenylendiamine/SiO₂ nanocomposite (EP/PpPDA/SiO₂). It was finally concluded that the presence of silica nanoparticles enhance the protection properties of EP/PpPDA coating as a novel potential corrosion inhibitor for steel.     

Biopolymer nanocomposites based on poly(hydroxybutyrate‐co‐hydroxyvalerate) reinforced by a non‐ionic organoclay

In this study, a nanocomposite based on a biodegradable polymer poly(hydroxybutyrate‐co‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) reinforced by triethylene glycol mono‐n‐decyl ether (C₁₀E₃) non‐ionic organoclay (C₁₀E₃‐Mt) was prepared. The morphology and the thermal and mechanical properties of PHBV/C₁₀E₃‐Mt were compared with those of PHBV nanocomposites prepared using commercial organically modified montmorillonite Cloisite^® 30B (OMt) and raw montmorillonite (Mt). Nanocomposites with 3 wt% nanoparticles were obtained by melt processing. The high level of dispersion with improved interfacial interactions between OMt and polymer led to an increase in the thermal stability and modulus of PHBV. However, this nanocomposite presented a lower strain before fracture, typical of brittle behavior. The transmission electron microscopy and wide angle X‐ray diffraction results revealed a significant increase in the interlayer spacing of clay for the PHBV/C₁₀E₃‐Mt nanocomposite, which was favored by the wide expansion of the platelets of the starting non‐ionic organoclay. This characteristic of C₁₀E₃‐Mt, together with its hydrophobic behavior, allowed its easy incorporation in the PHBV matrix, thus improving the processing and maintaining a high modulus with increased material toughness. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry     

Interpenetrating polymer network and nanocomposite IPN of polyurethane/epoxy: a review on fundamentals and advancements

This article presents state-of-the-art review on interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) formation by polyurethane/epoxy (PU/EP). PU is thermoplastic polymer with fine mechanical strength, chemical resistance, processability, and thermal stability. EP resins also possess unique chemical and physical properties, though it is rigid and brittle. Amalgamation of two polymers have resulted in improved mechanical, thermal, damping, and glass transition behavior. PU/EP IPN and nanocomposite containing carbon nanotube, graphene oxide, nanodiamond, nanoclay, and various other nanoparticles have been discussed. Commercial implication and future prospects of PU/EP-crosslinked network and nanocomposite IPN are foreseen in high-performance engineering materials, automotive and aerospace, and biomedical devices.     

Morphologies and properties of epoxy resin/layered silicate–silica nanocomposites

A new nanofiller containing layered organo‐modified montmorillonite (oMMT) and spherical silica (SiO₂) was prepared by an in situ deposition method and coupling agent modification. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy show that there are interactions between oMMT and SiO₂, and the spherical SiO₂ particles are self‐assembled on the edge of oMMT layers, forming a novel layered–spherical nanostructure. An epoxy resin (EP)/oMMT–SiO₂ nanocomposite was obtained by adding oMMT–SiO₂ to EP matrix. Morphologies and mechanical and thermal properties of the new ternary nanocomposite were investigated. For purposes of comparison, the corresponding binary nanocomposites, i.e., EP modified with either oMMT or SiO₂, were also tested. The results for the mechanical properties show that oMMT obviously improves the strength of EP, and SiO₂ enhances the toughness of EP, but oMMT–SiO₂ exhibits a synergistic effect on toughening and reinforcing of EP. The toughening and reinforcing mechanism is explained by scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the thermal resistance of EP/oMMT–SiO₂ is better than that of EP/SiO₂, but it is worse than that of EP/oMMT. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

Thermal–oxidative degradation and accelerated aging behavior of polyamide 6/epoxy resin‐modified montmorillonite nanocomposites

Polyamide 6 (PA6) nanocomposites based on epoxy resin‐modified montmorillonite (EP‐MMT) were prepared by melt processing using a typical twin‐screw extruder. X‐ray diffraction combined with transmission electron microscopy was applied to elucidate the structure and morphology of PA6/EP‐MMT nanocomposites, suggesting a nearly exfoliated structure in the nanocomposite with 2 wt % EP‐MMT (PA6/2EP‐MMT) and a partial exfoliated‐partial intercalated structure in PA6/4 wt %EP‐MMT nanocomposite (PA6/4EP‐MMT). The thermogravimetric analysis under air atmosphere was conducted to characterize the thermal–oxidative degradation behavior of the material, and the result indicated that the presence of EP‐MMT could inhibit the thermal‐oxidative degradation of PA6 effectively. Accelerated heat aging in an air circulating oven at 150°C was applied to assess the thermal–oxidative stability of PA6 nanocomposites through investigation of reduced viscosity, tensile properties, and chemical structure at various time intervals. The results indicated that the incorporation of EP‐MMT effectively enhanced the thermal–oxidative stability of PA6, resulting in the high retention of reduced viscosity and tensile strength, and the low ratio of terminal carboxyl group to amino group. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40825.     

Effects of epoxy resin‐modified zinc‐ion‐coated nanosilica on structural,thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of propylene‐ethylene copolymer

This paper reports a comparative study of propylene–ethylene copolymer (EP) nanocomposites synthesized using zinc‐ion (Zn²⁺)‐coated nanosilica (ZNS) and the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A (DGEBA, an epoxy resin)‐modified zinc‐ion‐coated nanosilica (EZNS) as nanofillers. These nanocomposites were prepared using the ‘melt mixing’ method at a constant loading level of 2.5 wt%. This loading level is much lower than that used for fillers in conventional composites. The EP nanocomposites were characterized using wide‐angle X‐ray diffractometer (WAXD), a thermo gravimetric analyzer (TGA), a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). DMA results showed a higher storage modulus for EP‐epoxy‐modified Zn²⁺‐coated nanosilica nanocomposite (EP‐EZNS) with respect to EP and EP‐Zn²⁺‐coated nanosilica nanocomposite (EP‐ZNS). In addition, TGA thermograms showed an increase in degradation temperature of EP in the presence of EZNS. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

The origin of synergism between an organoclay and carbon black

Synergistic effects between a montmorillonite (Mt), modified with an organophilic ammonium as the compensating cation (OMt), and carbon black (CB) are reported in the literature. This work proposes the pronounced interaction between the organophilic ammonium cation and CB as a phenomenon at the origin of the synergism. A nanocomposite based on poly(1,4-cis-isoprene) containing both CB and OMt, formed in situ through the reaction between Mt and di(hydrogenated tallow)-dimethylammonium chloride (2HTCl), was prepared. Moreover, nanocomposites containing only CB in the presence and in the absence of 2HTCl were comparatively prepared and analysed. Synergism between OMt and CB was investigated by studying the filler networking process in the PI matrix through dynamic-mechanical tests and by assessing the nanocomposite structure by transmission electron microscopy analysis. It was found that 2HTCl promoted a pronounced enhancement of the non linear dynamic-mechanical behaviour of the nanocomposite material, with a much improved CB dispersion and a remarkable reduction of bound rubber. These effects were reduced in the presence of Mt, that involved the ammonium salt in the formation of OMt. The amount of 2HTCl required to achieve the largest non linear behaviour and the lowest bound rubber was calculated to correspond to a monolayer of the ammonium salt on the carbon black surface.