40 keV He离子注入单晶Si引起的损伤效应研究

室温下使用40 keV He离子注入单晶Si样品到剂量5×1016 cm-2,分别采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、热解吸谱仪(THDS)、光致发光谱仪(PL)详细地研究了随后热处理过程中He注入空腔的形成、He气体原子的热释放以及注入损伤引起的光致发光特性.结果表明,He离子注入及随后的高温热处理会在单晶Si中产生宽度约为220 nm的空腔带,同时伴随着He气体原子从注入产生的缺陷中释放出来.He气体原子的热释放可以明显地分为两个温度阶段,分别对应于He原子从小的空位型缺陷和大的空腔中的热释放.此外,He离子的注入还会在单晶Si中产生明显发光中心,导致了波长约为680 nm和930 nm的两个光致发光带.该光致发光带的出现可能跟He离子注入及退火过程中产生的纳米Si团簇有关.     

He~+注入Si(100)缺陷退火效应的慢正电子束研究

用慢正电子束探针测量了经剂量为 5× 10 16cm-2 的 140keVHe+ 注入的Si(10 0 )单晶S参数与正电子入射能量的关系 ,得到了注入产生缺陷的分布规律 ,发现近表面区域损伤不大 ,缺陷主要是直径小于 1nm的空位或空位团 ,较深的射程末端区域损伤严重 ,缺陷主要是微空洞和微气泡。对退火效应的研究表明 ,低温下退火空位缺陷得到了很好的消除 ,而高温下退火微空洞和微气泡发生融合 ,而且尺度增加     

裂变快中子辐照在GaAs中产生缺陷的正电子湮没研究

采用自电子湮没寿命测量方法研究了注量为６．５×１０＾１５／ｃｍ＾２和１．４×１０＾１４／ｃｍ＾２，Ｅｎ≥１ＭｅＶ的裂变中子辐照在掺Ｓｉ，Ｎ型单晶ＧａＡｓ产物的缺陷，此辐照在ＧａＡｓ中产生单空位和双空位缺限，缺陷浓度于比于辐照注量，高温退火产生三空位缺陷及小空位团，单空位，双空位和三空位缺陷的退火温度分别为２５０，４５０，６５０℃。     

高剂量铂和钇离子注入Al2O3单晶的表面改性

研究了〈０００１〉和〈１２↑－１０〉晶向α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３单晶在高剂量的Ｙ、Ｐｔ离子注入后产生的损伤,注入层的性能变化和退火行为。实验结果表明,在室温,１７１ｋｅＶ、１×１０＾１７／ｃｍ＾２Ｙ离子注入的〈１２↑－１０〉α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３单晶的表面层约有１３９ｎｍ厚被无定形化。而１５８ｋｅＶ、９×１０＾１７／ｃｍ＾２Ｐｔ离子注入的〈０００１〉α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３单晶的表面层不产生无定形,且实际离子注入进衬底的剂量     

载能团簇直接诱发硅单晶转变成纳米晶结构

用扫描探针显微镜(SPM)观察了能量76keV、剂量1.7×10cm-2的N团簇离子注入Si(111)单晶表面的形貌。发现在此条件下,注入层已直接转化成具有一定粒度分布的纳米晶结构,并测量了形成晶粒的尺度及分布。用红外吸收实验检测了该实样的光学特性。实验表明,该试样对频带很宽的红外光产生了很强的均匀吸收,在红外光区,其透光度均保持在10%左右,表明其注入层已形成一种品质优良的吸光材料。     

氦离子辐照烧结碳化硅损伤效应研究

利用中国科学院近代物理研究所320 kV高压平台提供的氦离子辐照烧结碳化硅,辐照温度从室温到1 000 ℃,辐照注量为1015~1017 cm-2。辐照完成后,进行退火处理,然后开展透射电子显微镜、拉曼光谱、纳米硬度和热导率测试。研究发现,烧结碳化硅中氦泡形核阈值注量低于单晶碳化硅。同时,氦泡形貌和尺寸与辐照温度、退火温度有关。另外,对辐照产生的晶格缺陷、元素偏析进行了研究。结果表明,辐照产生了大量的缺陷团簇,同时氦泡生长也会发射间隙子,在氦泡周围形成间隙型位错环。在晶界处,容易发生碳原子聚集。辐照导致材料先发生硬化而后发生软化,且热导率降低。     

Er离子注入Si和SiO2/Si溅射和外扩散对浓度分布的影响

利用金属蒸发真空弧(MEVVA)离子源引出的Er离子对单晶硅和单晶硅衬底上的SiO2膜进行了离子注入,用背散射方法分析了不同注入条件下Er原子浓度分布.实验结果表明,离子注入突破了平衡生长方法掺Er硅溶解度的限制,实现了离子的高浓度掺杂.在硅和氧化硅中,最大Er体浓度分别达到4.71×1021 cm-3和7.67×102 cm-3,远超过了常规方法所能得到的Er掺杂浓度.但是由于Er离子重,射程短而溅射效应强,因此限制了Er原子浓度的进一步提高.在注量相同时,随束流密度的增加,Er外扩散效应增加.用快速退火热处理可消除部分辐射损伤,但是退火也引起了Er原子的外扩散.本文中给出了溅射和外扩散引起的Er原子丢失量与注入条件和退火条件的关系,给出了获得高浓度Er的途径.Er注入单晶硅和热氧化硅,随注量的增加Er保留量逐渐达到饱和,饱和量接近2×1017cm-2,而丢失量增加.     

FeCr合金中Cr含量对微观结构影响的原子尺度模拟研究

低温辐照脆化是影响铁素体/马氏体（F/M）钢服役的主要问题之一。F/M钢低温辐照脆化的主要机理是辐照产生的纳米缺陷（如位错环、α′相(富Cr团簇)等）阻碍位错运动。本文利用分子动力学方法和迈氏蒙特卡罗方法对F/M钢模型材料--FeCr合金（Fe7%Cr、Fe9%Cr、Fe14%Cr）中Cr元素析出成团簇及在位错环上偏析的机理进行研究,并分析Cr团簇析出与合金成分的关系以及位错环尺寸、位错环类型和合金中Cr含量对位错环上Cr偏析量的影响。模拟结果表明：热力学模拟后,高Cr含量（>9%)的FeCr合金中会析出Cr团簇,且基体内Cr含量越高,析出的Cr团簇尺寸越大;在所研究的3种FeCr合金中,受位错环张应力场作用,合金元素Cr均会在位错环的外围偏析,且FeCr合金中Cr含量越高,Cr在位错环上偏析量越高。低Cr的FeCr合金中Cr对其辐照硬化的影响需考虑位错环上Cr偏析的影响,高Cr的FeCr合金中Cr元素对其辐照硬化的影响需综合考虑Cr团簇及位错环上Cr偏析。     

注N~+高速钢表面层精细组织结构的电镜分析

本文对N离子注入W18Cr4V高速钢前后的表面层精细组织结构用透射电镜进行了比较分析。N离子注入能量为100keV,注入剂量为1.7×10~(17)/cm~2和2×10~(17)/cm~2。电镜分析发现,经注N~+的高速钢表面层组织形貌发生了显著变化,α-Fe基体中产生了很多辐照损伤区域,孪晶结构消失,α-Fe出现多晶化的倾向,位错密度明显降低,而且残余碳化物破碎呈现龟裂状形貌。文章对上述变化的机理作了初步分析。     

碳团簇C+n(n=1—5)注入NaCl晶体的研究

能量为 0 .6MeV/C荷能碳团簇离子Cn+(n =2— 5)注人到NaCl单晶 ,利用TRIM程序对碳团簇在NaCl单晶中的射程进行模拟 ,碳团簇NaCl单晶内存在一定长度的“团簇区域”。光学吸收谱表明 :由于团簇区域的存在 ,不同碳离子团簇辐照产生的缺陷种类浓度都有很大不同 ,较大团簇会产生V2 和V3色心 ,色心浓度也较大。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.