中温固体电解质LaGaO3的制备

分别采用固相反应法、凝胶燃烧法分别制备了镓酸镧基固体电解质粉体(La0．9Sr0.1Ga0．8Mg0．2O3-δ)．讨论了煅烧温度对粉体物相的影响,比较了两种方法所制备粉体的特点．X射线衍射分析表明．固相反应法制备需经1250℃下预烧15h,1500℃下煅烧24h．得到La0．9Sr0.1Ga0．8Mg0．2O3-δ粉体颗粒尺寸在1μm,而凝胶燃烧法仅需在1400℃煅烧10h可以合成La0．9Sr0.1Ga0．8Mg0．2O3-δ粉体,粉体颗粒尺寸150nm。     

La0.8Sr0.2CoxFe1-xO3型氧扩散障层材料的制备及结构性能研究

采用共沉淀-凝胶方法制备La0.8Sr0.2CoxFe1-xO3(x=1.0、0、0.3)氧扩散障碍层材料的前驱体,分别用X射线衍射分析、透射电镜、扫描电镜和交流阻抗谱仪对三种不同粉体及其陶瓷结构和性能进行研究.结果表明:在870℃下焙烧制备的La0.8Sr0.2CoxFe1-xO3(x=1.0、0、0.3)粉末具有钙钛矿相结构,无硬团聚,颗粒大小在20～60 nm.此粉末经冷等静压250MPa成型后,在1120℃下烧结6h,La0.8Sr0.2CoO3和La0.8Sr0.2FeO3混合导体的电导率在10—1S/cm数量级,而La0.8Sr0.2Co0.3Fe0.7O3导电率最高达100 S/cm数量级.三种陶瓷都是电子电导远大于离子电导的混合导体,电导率最高值在200～300℃范围,偏向低温.     

Cr替代Mn对La0.4Ca0.6MnO3磁性质的影响

用固相反应法制备了La0.4Ca0.6Mn1-xCrxO3(x=0.00,0.02,0.04,0.06,0.08,0.10,0.15)多晶样品,通过X射线衍射(XRD)图谱、磁化强度-温度(M-T)曲线、电子自旋共振(ESR)谱线,研究了Cr替代Mn对La0.4Ca0.6MnO3磁性质的影响.实验结果表明:La0.4Ca0.6MnO3存在复杂的磁结构,在258 K出现电荷有序相,从175 K到50 K,产生强关联CO-AFM(电荷有序?反铁磁)相,温度降到41 K左右出现自旋玻璃态;当替代量x≥0.06时,电荷有序相被融化;当x≥0.10时,自旋玻璃态被融化.对实验结果进行了初步解释:电荷有序相被融化主要原因是Cr3+与Mn4+具有相同的电子结构,Cr3+替代Mn3+破坏了CE型反铁磁的自旋序,从而引起电荷序的坍塌,实验证明了电荷序CE型反铁磁体系中,电荷序和自旋序之间存在强耦合相互作用;自旋玻璃态的融化,是由于Cr替代Mn破坏了自旋玻璃态的生成条件,即反铁磁背景下有少量铁磁成分.     

基于交替浸渍法对La0.65Sr0.35MnO3氧电极的性能优化

氢能以其高效、清洁、可再生的优点成为化石能源的有效替代者,而可逆固体氧化物电池(RSOC)既可利用氢气输出电能,也可电解H₂O产生氢气,对其研究具有十分重要的意义。本文对RSOC的氧电极进行了研究,在La_0.65Sr_0.35MnO₃(LSM)氧电极的基础上,采用溶液交替浸渍法将Sm_0.2Ce_0.8O_1.9(SDC)和Sm_0.5Sr_0.5CoO_3-δ(SSC)纳米粒子引入LSM氧电极中。800℃时,交替浸渍1次的LSM-SDC-SSC1氧电极的极化电阻为0.49Ω·cm²,是纯LSM电极(1.12Ω·cm²)的43%。SDC和SSC的浸渍顺序对电极形貌和性能的影响随着浸渍次数的增加逐渐减弱,交替浸渍2次的LSM-SDC-SSC2氧电极具有最低的极化过电位和极化电阻。800℃时,Ni-(Y₂O₃     

La、Nb掺杂固相反应法合成SrTiO3热电性能的优化

SrTiO₃作为钛矿型金属氧化物半导体,具有环境友好、原料来源丰富等优点。本研究发现了一种制备高新热电性能SrTiO₃材料的新工艺,对比固相反应法直接烧制的SrTiO₃陶瓷,采用本工艺的PAS+埋烧热处理方法可以降低制备反应温度,并且所得材料的功率因子得到显著提高。该项发现主要研究了在此工艺下制备的不同La、Nb掺杂比(5%-15%)的样品性能变化情况。结果表明,该工艺下制备的SrTiO₃样品中La15Nb15样品在873K时的最大功率因子可达1.279mW·m^-1·K^-1。但是部分样品热导率也会出现一定程度的增加。综合效果是材料热电优值ZT得以提升,在873K时La10Nb5样品的ZT值达到了0.28。     

Ag掺杂对La2/3A1/3MnO3（A=Ca、Sr、Ba）材料电学性能的影响

采用化学共沉淀法制备了La2/3A1/3MnO3:Agx(A=Ca、Sr、Ba,LAMO:Agx,x=0、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4 mol%)多晶复合材料。XRD结果表明实验制备了纯相LAMO:Agx样品,Ag+离子A位替代致使LCaMO:Agx和LSrMO:Agx晶格常数和晶胞体积发生微小膨胀,LBaMO:Agx晶格常数和晶胞体积发生微小收缩;R-T测试结果表明LCaMO:Agx的电阻温度系数(Temperature Coefficient of Resistance,TCR)数值在x=0.4、Tk=271.3 K(Tk为TCR位于最大值时对应的温度数值)时具有最大值为28%/K。SEM分析结果表明,随着Ag掺杂量增加,LCaMO晶粒尺寸增大,晶粒均匀性和规则性得以改善,晶化质量得到提高。通过Ag微观掺杂机制对LAMO复合材料的TCR数值增强进行了分析讨论。     

智能热控涂层性能研究

采用高温烧结固相反应法制备了钙钛矿结构锰化合物热控涂层。利用变温场稳态卡计法半球热辐射率测试设备研究了热控涂层的红外半球发射率和温度之间的关系。结果表明该化合物在低温条件下表现为低热辐射率特性,在高温表现为高热辐射率特性。此外,还对该热控涂层进行了真空-紫外、真空-质子、真空-电子辐照、热循环、真空-放气等空间环境模拟实验,实验表明这种智能涂层具有良好的空间稳定性。说明该热控涂层在未来的航天器上具有广阔的应用前景。     

La1-xSrxMnO3薄膜的制备、结构及电磁特性

以无机盐为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶工艺在Si衬底上制备La1-xSrxMnO3(LSMO)薄膜,XRD和TEM分析表明LSMO薄膜呈现纳米晶菱形钙钛矿结构,SEM分析表明LSMO薄膜表面平整、光滑致密。磁学测试结果表明:在0T、0.4T和0.8T时薄膜的Tp分别为220K、224K和229K,随着磁场的增大Tp移向高温的同时峰值电阻降低,这与铁磁相变及磁场对DE作用的影响有关。MR极值在250K左右达18.4%。     

La0.6Sr0.4FeO3中反常超声特性研究

系统研究了La0.6Sr0.4FeO3单相多晶样品在低温下的电荷输运性质和超声特性.超声测量结果表明,La0.6Sr0.4FeO3在213K附近出现了明显的声速软化,其相对变化超过5%,同时超声衰减出现一个巨大的峰值,而电阻在这个温区内却没有明显的异常发生.分析指出这是由于电-声子相互作用导致的局部电荷发生有序态转变的结果,该电-声子耦合主要起源于Fe4+的Jahn-Teller效应.     

强磁场退火处理对La0.5Ca0.5MnO3薄膜晶粒尺寸演化和磁性能的影响

采用脉冲激光沉积法制备了La_0.5Ca_0.5MnO₃(LCMO)薄膜,然后在不同强磁场作用下进行原位后退火处理。利用XRD、FESEM和SQUID对薄膜进行微结构表征和磁特性测量。结果显示,强磁场退火使得薄膜的面外晶格参数拉长,晶粒尺寸明显增大,同时使低温磁化强度降低。通过建立强磁场下的晶粒生长速率方程对晶粒尺寸演化机理做了分析。分析认为,强磁场引入的额外驱动力降低了LCMO薄膜的临界晶粒尺寸,有利于晶粒生长。此外,本文通过建立一个基于相分离的反铁磁-铁磁核壳模型对薄膜的磁结构演化进行了探讨。认为晶粒尺寸增大导致铁磁相体积分数下降,从而导致低温磁化强度下降。     

金属丝网型 La0.8Sr0.2MnO3催化剂的制备及其表征

以316L不锈钢丝网为基材，利用电泳沉积技术对丝网表面进行改性，考察了添加剂浓度、电压加压方式、热处理温度对铝粉在丝网表面包覆效果的影响，制备出表面规整、高粘结强度的Al2O3／Al载体膜，在30min超声振荡后，载体膜脱落率仅为0．5wt％；结合表面浸涂技术，在丝网上涂覆纳米La0．8Sr0.2MnO3，通过SEM、XRD、BET等手段对催化剂进行表征，发现丝网表面催化剂负载均匀，比表面积达到119．4m^2／g，在30min超声振荡后，脱落率为5．0wt％．催化燃烧性能测试表明，La0．8Sr0.2MnO3在不锈钢丝网上有较好的活性，高空速、高浓度的甲苯在400℃基本能被完全燃烧．     

Linearly shifting ferromagnetic resonance response of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 thin film for body temperature sensors

Human body temperature not only reflects vital signs, but also affects the state of various organs through blood circulation, and even affects lifespan. Here a wireless body temperature detection scheme was presented that the temperature was extracted by investigating the out-of-plane (OP) ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) field of 10.2 nm thick La_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃ (LSMO) film using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique. Within the range of 34–42 °C, the OP FMR field changes linearly with the increasing or decreasing temperature, and this variation comes from the linear responses of magnetization to the fluctuant temperature. Using this method, a tiny temperature change (<0.1 °C) of organisms can be detected accurately and sensitively, which shows great potential in body temperature monitoring for humans and mammals.     

The low frequency internal friction and electric magnetic properties in La0.7Pb0.3MnO3 bulk materials

The polycrystalline samples of La_0.7Pb_0.3MnO₃ synthesized by the sol–gel method were studied by the low frequency internal friction measurements and the resistance and ac susceptibility measurements. There are two internal friction peaks at 258 and 198 K, respectively, the peak positions of which do not shift with frequency but the peak heights of which decrease with increasing frequencies. The modulus softening is evident at the corresponding temperatures. Corresponding to the two internal friction peaks, there are two resistance peaks, and a sharp rise and a following continuous decrease of ac susceptibility. It is suggested that the high temperature peaks correspond to the paramagnetic (PM) to ferromagnetic (FM) transition, while the low temperature peaks originate from the process of an anti-ferromagnetic phase (AFM) separating from the ferromagnetic matrix (phase separation) in polycrystalline materials. The peak positions of internal friction and resistance will move towards higher temperature when the sample was annealed in flowing oxygen, and the low temperature peaks become smaller.     

Observation of an EPIR Effect in Nd1-xSrxMnO3 Ceramics with Secondary Phases

Nd_1-xSr_xMnO₃（x = 0.3,0.5） ceramics containing a secondary phase are synthesized by high-energy ball milling and post heat-treatment method.The 4-wire and 2-wire measuring modes are used to investigate the transport character of the grain/phase boundary（inner interface） and electrode-bulk interface（outer interface）, respectively,and the results indicate that there is a similar nonlinear l—V behaviour for both of the inner and outer interfaces,however,the electric pulse induced resistance change（EPIR） effect can only be observed at the outer interface.     

SDC中间层的阳极支撑型LSGM电解质膜SOFC的制备及性能研究

采用离心沉降法及高温共烧结工艺在多孔NiO-Sm_0.2Ce_0.8O_1.9(SDC)阳极上成功地制备了SDC/LSGM (La_0.9Sr_0.1Ga_0.8Mg_0.2O_3-δ)/SDC电解质薄膜. 经共烧结制备了11μmSDC/15μmLSGM/13μmSDC三层复合电解质薄膜. 电池在800℃最大输出功率密度为0.92W/cm², 但电池的开路电压0.89V低于理论电动势. 电池微结构和元素分析表明, 高温共烧结时Ni扩散到LSGM电解质薄膜中引起电子电导, 导致电池开路电压偏低. 阻抗谱测试表明, 引入SDC电解质作为隔离层后, 欧姆极化过程和电极极化过程共同影响电池的性能     

Electrochemical performance of overlithiated Li1+xNi0.8Co0.2O2: structural and oxidation state studies

Pure, layered compounds of overlithiated Li_1+xNi_0.8Co_0.2O₂ (x = 0.05 and 0.1) were successfully prepared by a modified combustion method. XRD studies showed that cell parameters of the material decreased with increasing the lithium content. SEM revealed that the morphology of particles changed from rounded polyhedral-like crystallites to sharp-edged polyhedral crystals with more doped lithium. EDX showed that the stoichiometries of Ni and Co agrees with calculated synthesized values. Electrochemical studies revealed the overlithiated samples have improved capacities as well as cycling behavior. The sample with x = 0.05 shows the best performance with a specific capacity of 113.29 mA?h?g^-1 and the best capacity retention of 92.2% over 10 cycles. XPS results showed that the binding energy of Li 1s is decreased for the Li doped samples with the smallest value for the x = 0.05 sample, implying that Li⁺ ions can be extracted more easily from Li_1.05Ni_0.8Co_0.2O₂ than the other stoichiometries accounting for the improved performance of the material. Considerations of core level XPS peaks for transition metals reveal the existence in several oxidation states. However, the percentage of the+3 oxidation state of transition metals for the when x = 0.1 is the highest and the availability for charge transition from the+3 to+4 state of the transition metal during deintercalation is more readily available.     

Stress relaxation of La1/2Sr1/2MnO3 and La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 at solid oxide fuel cell interfaces

Interfacial stress is thought to have significant effects on electrical and oxygen transport properties in thin films of importance in solid oxide fuel cell applications. We investigate how in-plane biaxial stress modifies the electronic structure of La_2/3Ca_1/3MnO₃ and La_1/2Sr_1/2MnO₃ thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition on three different substrates to vary the in-plane stress from tensile to compressive. The electronic structure was probed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy of the Mn L_2,3-edge to characterize the interfacial disruption in this region in an element-specific, site-specific manner. The compressive or tensile interfacial strain modifies the relative concentrations of La and Sr in the interfacial region in order to achieve a better lattice match to the contact material. This atomic migration generates an interfacial region dominated by a compound with a single valency for the transition metal ion, resulting in a severe barrier to oxygen and electron transport through this region.     

纳米TiO_2-WO_3复合涂层及纳米TiO_2/WO_3叠层涂层的制备及性能

为了解决电子池材料改性TiO2涂层暗态下无阴极保护作用的问题,用溶胶-凝胶法及浸渍提拉技术在304不锈钢表面制备了纳米TiO2-WO3复合涂层与纳米TiO2/WO3叠层涂层,用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)研究了2种涂层的表面形貌、成分,并用电化学方法研究了2种涂层的光阴极保护特性及耐腐蚀性能。结果表明:2种涂层表面均连续均匀,由Ti,W,O,C组成;紫外光照1 h时2种涂层均对304不锈钢有一定的光阴极保护作用,闭光后纳米TiO2/WO3叠层涂层的延时阴极保护作用远好于纳米TiO2-WO3复合涂层;2种涂层均对304不锈钢有防腐蚀作用,紫外光照射时纳米TiO2-WO3复合涂层的防腐蚀性比纳米TiO2/WO3叠层涂层的好。     

Ce掺杂Ca3Co4O9的高温热电性能

利用二次固相反应方法制备了Ce掺杂的Ca3Co4O9热电材料(CexCa3-xCo4O9,x=0、0.1、0.3),并测试了样品的微观结构和高温热电性能。测试结果表明,Ce替代Ca可有效调制Ca3Co4O9的热电参数;随着温度的升高,样品的电阻率和热导率降低,See-beck系数增大。在973K的温度下,Ce0.1Ca2.9Co4O9具有最高的热电性能(ZT=0.23)。