表面活性剂改性的大孔径介孔炭对电极染料敏化太阳电池(英文)

以大孔径的介孔炭(MC)为催化层材料经低温热处理构建出炭对电极,着重探讨了在炭浆料中添加Triton X100对其组装的染料敏化太阳电池(DSCs)光电性能的影响,并引入分形维数(DF)用于定量评估炭膜形貌的差异。结果表明,当炭浆料中Triton X100的含量增加到0.1 mL(相应MC含量为0.6 g)时,DSCs的光电转换效率增加至5.65%,其值比活性炭对电极DSCs高46.5%,且达到Pt对电极DSCs的95.4%。Triton X100改性的介孔炭对电极的高性能归功于高品质的炭膜和介孔炭本身合理的孔结构(如大尺寸孔径和大比表面积等)。相对于未添加Triton X100的纯介孔炭对电极,Triton X100改性的介孔炭对电极具有分布更均匀的炭膜和更小的分形维数,是对电极欧姆串阻减小及相应器件效率改善的一个重要因素。     

钼酸锌-碳复合材料在染料敏化太阳能电池对电极中的应用

采用水热合成法制备出片状结构钼酸锌, 并以其为原料, 添加石墨(G)或导电碳(Cc), 利用喷涂法分别制备出ZnMoO₄、ZnMoO₄-G和ZnMoO₄-Cc对电极催化材料, 应用于染料敏化太阳能电池(DSCs)中。实验结果表明: 以ZnMoO₄为对电极材料的DSC光电转换效率为4.19%, 在分别添加石墨及导电碳制备成复合对电极材料后, 其相应的光电转换效率分别提高到6.56%及7.36%。其中, ZnMoO₄-Cc对电极与相同条件下铂对电极的光电转换效率(7.81%)相当。电化学阻抗(EIS), 循环伏安法(CV)及Tafel极化曲线测试结果表明, ZnMoO₄、ZnMoO₄-G和ZnMoO₄-Cc三种材料均具有一定的导电性和电催化性能。     

双面吸光透明碳对电极染料敏化电池的光电性能

以聚乙二醇800(PEG800)为碳源,采用原位形成技术在导电基底上原位形成一体式透明碳催化层,着重考察了配液时碳源的溶剂类型以及旋涂速率对碳对电极透光率、形貌、催化活性及其组装的染料敏化太阳电池(DSCs)双面光电性能的影响。结果表明,不同工艺下获得的碳对电极均具有较优异的透光性,在可见光范围内(400~700nm)的透光率基本达到了70%以上。在考察的2种溶剂中,乙酰丙酮和异丙醇混合液比乙酰丙酮和丙酮混合液更适合作为PEG800的溶剂,相同旋涂速率下能获得透光率更高、催化活性更佳的碳对电极,相应的器件具有更佳的正面转换效率和反面转换效率。旋涂速率和碳对电极的催化活性以及相应器件的正反面转换效率之间均呈反比关系。表面粗糙度不同是引起碳对电极性能各异的主要原因。此外,碳对电极DSCs的反面转换效率/正面转换效率的比值高于80%,大于Pt对电极器件的44%。     

TiO2介孔薄膜电阻对染料敏化太阳能电池光电转换性能的影响

TiO2介孔薄膜的电阻可能是影响染料敏化太阳能电池光电转化效率的主要因素之一.设计了一种可用于测试TiO2介孔薄膜电阻的方法,研究了2种不同电阻值的TiO2介孔薄膜的电阻变化规律和2种TiO2介孔薄膜组装的染料敏化太阳能电池(DSC)的光电转换性能.结果显示,采用低电阻的TiO2薄膜光电极有利于DSC光电转换效率的提高.     

染料敏化太阳能电池中纯铂对电极的研究进展

作为染料敏化太阳能电池的重要组成部分,对电极的催化性能和价格直接关系到电池的光电转换效率和成本。作为对电极的催化材料,导电聚合物、碳材料和无机化合物等材料虽成本低廉,但其催化性能仍不及金属铂。因此,重点综述了近年来染料敏化太阳能电池纯铂对电极的研究状况,并指出了纯铂对电极中有待解决的问题及今后的发展方向,同时还介绍了染料敏化太阳能电池的工作原理和对电极的作用。     

石墨/TiO2共混碳薄膜对电极的电学与电化学性能研究

本文将石墨、TiO2纳米晶以及TiO2胶体共混,采用旋涂法制备了碳薄膜对电极,并用于组装染料敏化太阳能电池。采用场发射扫描电子显微镜观察薄膜的表面形貌,采用四探针电阻率测试仪、电化学交流阻抗图谱及太阳能电池综合测试仪对碳对电极的电学、电化学性质以及电池的光电性能分别进行测试;研究了薄膜厚度对碳对电极导电性能与电化学催化性能的影响。结果表明随着厚度增加,碳对电极的方块电阻和界面电荷传输电阻均变小,分别可达到26.6Ω.sp-1和11.8Ω.cm-2,而电池的填充因子及光电转换效率增大。当碳薄膜厚度为19.5μm时,光电转换效率可达到Pt对电极的70%。     

染料敏化太阳电池多级孔炭对电极的制备及性能研究

以F127为模板剂, 采用自组装与后活化相结合制备了具有微孔-介孔结构的多级孔炭. N2吸附等温线分析表明后活化可在介孔炭孔壁上生成大量微孔. 电化学阻抗谱测量表明多级孔炭电极对I₃^-还原反应的催化活性明显高于介孔炭电极, 电荷迁跃电阻为0.3 Ω·cm². 多级孔炭电极催化活性高是由于它具有较高的比表面和特殊的多级孔结构, 有效比表面积较高. 以多级孔炭电极为对电极组装染料敏化太阳电池, 电池的短路电流密度、开路电压和填充因子分别为0.624V、15.44 mA/cm²和0.67, 相应的光电转换效率为6.48%, 比介孔炭对电极电池的光电转换效率提高了11.5%.     

染料敏化太阳电池有序介孔SiO2/离子液体凝胶电解质的研究

以P123为模板剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备有序介孔SiO2,用N2吸附、扫描电镜及透射电镜对样品进行分析.结果表明,制备的介孔SiO2呈短棒状,具有有序柱状孔结构,平均孔径为5.75nm.有序介孔SiO2固化二元离子液体(1-甲基-丙基咪唑碘/1-甲基-己基咪唑碘)形成凝胶电解质.由于凝胶电解质中离子液体在介孔SiO2的孔道中有序排列,使凝胶电解质I3-的扩散系数增大,从而降低了电解质的内阻,抑制了染料敏化纳晶多孔膜-凝胶电解质界面的复合反应,使凝胶电解质染料敏化太阳电池具有较大的开路电压和填充因子,光电转换效率达到5.22%.     

染料敏化太阳电池新型介孔碳对电极的制备及性能研究

以三嵌段共聚物F127为模板剂制备介孔碳,并用N2吸附和透射电子显微镜对介孔碳样品进行分析.所制备介孔碳材料的孔呈无序蠕虫状,平均孔径为6.8nm,比表面积为400m2/g.用介孔碳作为I(-)/I(-)3氧化还原反应的催化剂制备染料敏化太阳电池对电极,用电化学阻抗谱对介孔碳电极的催化活性进行了分析.介孔碳电极对I(-...     

低温制备石墨/活性碳对电极的光电性能及阻抗分析

通过低温制备(120℃)出不同活性碳/石墨比例的碳对电极,着重分析了碳对电极的阻抗特征及其染料敏化太阳电池(DSCs)的光电性能,同时探讨了碳对电极中引入银导电浆料对DSCs光电性能的影响.结果表明,DSCs的光电性能随着碳对电极中活性碳含量的增加而增强,其中短路电流和转换效率与活性碳含量呈线性关系,而填充因子与活性碳含量呈抛物线变化.阻抗分析发现,电荷转移阻抗(RCT)和Nernst扩散阻抗(Zp)随着碳对电极中活性碳含量的增加而减小.碳对电极中活性碳含量越低,加入银导电浆料对DSCs光电性能的改善越显著,当为纯石墨对电极时,DSCs的转换效率提高了13.6％.     

The effect of substrate temperature on the spray-deposited TiO2 nanostructured films for dye-sensitized solar cells

The nanostructured TiO2 films have deposited on SnO2:F (FTO) coated glass substrate by spray pyrolysis technique at different substrate temperatures of 200-500 degrees C. The structural, surface morphological and optical properties of TiO2 films significantly vary with the substrate temperature. The surface of the TiO2 films deposited at 400 degrees C shows the nanoflakes and short nanorods (approximately 130 nm) like structures while the TiO2 films prepared at 500 degrees C shows only the nanoflakes like structures. The band gap of the TiO2 films prepared at higher temperatures (300-500 degrees C) becomes narrow due to presence the rutile phases in their crystal structure. Ruthenium (II) complex as a dye, KI/I2 as an electrolyte and carbon on FTO glass as a counter electrode has used to fabricate the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC). The TiO2 film deposited at 400 degrees C has showed the best photovoltaic performance in DSC with the efficiency of 3.81%, the photovoltage of 773 mV, the photocurrent of 8.34 mA/cm2, and the fill factor of 56.17%. The photovoltage of the DSC increases with the increase of substrate temperature during the deposition of TiO2 films. Moreover, all the DSCs exhibit reasonably high fill factor value.     

Synthesis and characterization of natural dye and counter electrode thin films with different carbon materials for dye-sensitized solar cells

This study aims to deal with the film of the counter electrode of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and the preparation, structure and characteristics of the extract of natural dye. This study adopts different commercial carbon materials such as black lead, carbon black and self-made TiO2-MWCNT compound nanoparticle as the film of the counter electrodes. Moreover, for the preparation of natural dyes, anthocyanins and chlorophyll dyes are extracted from mulberry and pomegranate respectively. Furthermore, the extracted anthocyanins and chlorophyll are blended into cocktail dye to complete the preparation of natural dye. Results show that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the single-layer TiO2-MWCNT counter electrode film and the cocktail dye of the DSSCs is 0.462%.     

Different hierarchical nanostructured carbons as counter electrodes for CdS quantum dot solar cells

CdS quantum dot sensitized solar cells based on TiO(2) photoanode and nanostructured carbon as well as Pt as counter electrodes using iodide/triiodide and polysulfide electrolytes were fabricated to improve the efficiency and reduce the cost of solar cells. Compared with conventional Pt (η = 1.05%) and CMK-3 (η = 0.67%) counter electrodes, hollow core-mesoporous shell carbon (HCMSC) counter electrode using polysulfide electrolyte exhibits much larger incident photon to current conversion efficiency (IPCE = 27%), photocurrent density (J(sc) = 4.31 mA.cm(-2)) and power conversion efficiency (η = 1.08%), which is basically due to superb structural characters of HCMSC such as large specific surface area, high mesoporous volume, and 3D interconnected well-developed hierarchical porosity network, which facilitate fast mass transfer with less resistance and enable HCMSC to have highly enhanced catalytic activity toward the reduction of electrolyte shuttle.     

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes as a new counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells

Airbrushed multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) networks were investigated as a new counter electrode for dye-sensitized TiO2 photoelectrochemical solar cells. The structural and physical properties of the MWNTs were studied by various techniques including SEM, TEM, Raman, optical absorption, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The MWNTs exhibited catalytic activity for the reduction of triiodide in the electrolyte as studied by EIS measurements. The performance of the dye-sensitized solar cells was improved by using MWNTs as counter electrodes. This observation is explained by the significantly increased contact area between the MWNT counter electrode and the electrolyte which facilitates efficient charge transportation in the solar cell. We demonstrated that the MWNTs are suitable for replacing expensive Pt electrodes for fabricating high efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells. The process used in this study is also technically attractive for large scale and economic production.     

CeO2修饰的透明TiO2纳米管电极的电致变色器件

采用电化学沉积法在阳极氧化制备的TiO2纳米管阵列管壁上沉积一层CeO2纳米颗粒,再将CeO2修饰的透明TiO2纳米管阵列薄膜对电极与聚三甲基噻吩变色电极组装成透过型电致变色器件.实验结果表明:CeO2修饰的TiO2纳米管阵列薄膜仍保持良好的光透过性,其电荷存储能力比纯TiO2纳米管电极提高了30%.经CeO2修饰的TiO2纳米管改善了器件的性能,与对电极为单一TiO2纳米管阵列的器件相比,其对比度仍保持在38%左右,其褪色时间由1.3 s缩短为0.8 s.电致变色器件快速响应得益于纳米管与纳米颗粒组成的复合结构的高比表面积和快速的电荷传输过程.     

Low-cost quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells based on a metal-free organic dye and a carbon aerogel counter electrode

Low-cost quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are designed and fabricated by using a metal-free organic dye and a mesoporous carbon aerogel instead of expensive ruthenium-based sensitizers and Pt electrode. The electrospun TiO₂ nanorods are added into a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) solution to form a 3D network nanocomposite gel electrolyte. The presence of TiO₂ nanorods in the gel electrolyte obviously increases the ionic conductivity and decreases charge-transfer resistance of the DSSC. The effects of the gel electrolyte and the carbon aerogel counter electrode on electrochemical and photovoltaic properties have been investigated in detail. Particularly, an optimized DSSC with a nanocomposite gel electrolyte and a carbon aerogel counter electrode affords a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.20% at a light intensity of 100 mW cm⁻².     

Enhancement of photovoltaic performance in dye-sensitized solar cells with the spin-coated TiO2 blocking layer

The TiO2 thin film layers were introduced with the spin-coating method between FTO electrode and TiO2 photoanode in dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) to prevent electron back migration from the FTO electrode to electrolyte. The DSSC containg different thickness of TiO2 thin film (10-30, 40-60 and 120-150 nm) were prepared and photovoltaic performances were analysed with /-Vcurves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The maximum cell performance was observed in DSSC with 10-30 nm of TiO2 thin film thickness (11.92 mA/cm2, 0.74 V, 64%, and 5.62%) to compare with that of pristine DSSC (11.09 mA/cm2, 0.65 V, 62%, and 4.43%). The variation of photoelectric conversion efficiency of the DSSCs with different TiO2 thin film thickness was discussed with the analysis of crystallographic and microstructural properties of TiO2 thin films.     

Effect of MWCNT Inclusion in TiO2 Nanowire Array Film on the Photoelectrochemical Performance

Rutile TiO2 nanowire array films with multi-walled carbon nanotube(MWCNT) inclusion perpendicularly grown on fluorine-doped tin oxide(FTO) substrate were prepared by a facile hydrothermal method.The absorption edges of the TiO2 nanowire array films are blue-shifted with increasing MWCNT content.The resistance of the TiO2 nanowire array film is decreased by MWCNT inclusion.The optimum TiO2 /MWCNT molar ratio in the feedstock is 1:0.1.For the TiO2 nanowire array film with MWCNT inclusion served as electrode in dye-sensitized solar cell(DSSC),an overall 194% increase of photoelectric conversion efficiency has been achieved.     

Enhancement of photocurrent of dye-sensitized solar cell by composite liquid electrolyte including NiO nanosheets

A novel composite electrolyte incorporating inorganic NiO nanosheets into iodide/triiodide liquid electrolyte containing 4-tert-butylpyridine (TBP) for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) was reported herein for the first time. The hydrothermally prepared NiO nanosheets showed a high aspect ratio, confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). DSCs assembled with such nanosheet-based composite electrolytes showed more than 15% increased photocurrent, and hence significantly promoted light-to-energy conversion efficiency relative to reference one. The enhancement of photocurrent is primarily due to the light-scattering effect which is brought by the incorporating of inorganic nanosheets. Also, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was employed to investigate the charge-transfer kinetics at the interface between the counter electrode and the composite electrolyte of DSCs. The symmetrical cells (TCO/Pt/electrolyte/Pt/TCO) assembled with such nanosheet-based composite electrolyte showed a decreased charge-transfer resistance (R(ct)). The optimum DSC including NiO nanosheets showed a short-circuit current of 14.01 mA/cm2, an open-circuit voltage of 0.73 V, a fill factor of 0.54, and an overall conversion efficiency of 5.44% at 100 mW/cm2.     

Polypyrrole nanorod networks/carbon nanoparticles composite counter electrodes for high-efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells

Polypyrrole(PPy) nanorod networks with a high electrical conductivity of 40 S cm(-1) have been obtained in a high yield by employing an ion association of heparin-methylene blue as a new morphology-directing agent. The polypyrrole nanorod networks are mixed with different content of carbon nanoparticles to make PPy nanorod networks/carbon nanoparticles(PPy/C) counter electrodes. It is found that the PPy/C composite with 10% carbon content shows a lower charge transfer resistance and better catalytic performance for the reduction of I(3)(-), compared with the pristine PPy and carbon electrodes. The better catalytic performance is attributed to the interaction of the superior electrocatalytic activity of the unique polypyrrole nanorod networks and the carbon nanoparticles, which can accelerate triiodide reduction and electron transfer in the electrode. Under standard AM 1.5 sunlight illumination, the dye-sensitized solar cell based on the PPy/C composite with 10% carbon content as the counter electrode demonstrates a high efficiency of 7.2%, which is much higher than that of pristine PPy and carbon electrode-based DSCs and comparable to that of the thermal decomposed Pt-based DSC.