Mn改性Na0.5Bi2.5Nb2O9高温压电陶瓷的研究

采用固相法获得了Mn改性的Na0.5Bi2.5Nb2O9(NBN+xmol%MnCO3,0≤x≤10.0)铋层状压电陶瓷,并系统地研究了Mn(掺杂)对NBN基陶瓷显微结构与电性能的影响.结果表明,所有获得的样品都是居里点在700℃以上的单一相铁电体.加入Mn显著地提高了NBN系列陶瓷的机械品质因素Qm,明显改善了陶瓷的压电与机电性能.当MnCO3掺杂量为8.0mol%时,陶瓷获得最佳电性能:tanδ=0.749%,d33=20 pC/N,Qm=3120,kp=12.37%,kt=21.09%,Pr=7.01μC/cm2.NBN+xmol%MnCO3(x=8.0)陶瓷经700℃退极化处理后,其d33保持为原来的75%(~15 pC/N),表明该材料在高温领域下具有良好的应用前景.     

温度对Mg4Nb2O9合成的影响

Mg4Nb2O9具有与α-Al2O3相同的刚玉型晶体结构,可望成为取代氧化铝陶瓷的新一代高Q值基板陶瓷.在900～1400℃温度范围内,合成了Mg4Nb2O9化合物,采用X射线粉末衍射法进行了相结构分析.结果表明,生成物中含有Mg4Nb2O9、Mg4Nb2O6和MgO三种物相,主晶相是Mg4Nb2O9;在900～1300℃温度范围内,随着温度的升高,MgNb2O6和MgO反应生成Mg4Nb2O9相,主晶相含量线性增加,但在1300℃以上,主晶相含量随温度的升高而减小;Mg4Nb2O9相的最佳合成温度为1300℃.这些结果对研究开发Mg4Nb2O9微波基板材料有着重要的意义.     

SrBi2Nb2O9的PLD制备及其非线性光学特性

利用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)方法在MgO(100)基片上生长了SrBi2Nb2O9薄膜.XRD分析表明在MgO基片上生长的薄膜呈(115)单一取向,具有良好的结晶性;XPS数据分析得到薄膜中Sr、Bi和Nb的原子比约为122.05.利用Z扫描技术对薄膜的三阶非线性光学性质进行了测量,通过开孔(Open-aperture)和小孔(Close-aperture)的测量,计算出三阶非线性光学极化率的实部Rex(3)和虚部Imx(3)分别为4.139×10-7eSu,1.104×10-7eSu.     

ZnO-Nb2O5掺杂SnO2基陶瓷研究

通过常压烧结制备SnO2基陶瓷,研究了ZnO、Nb2O5单掺杂及ZnO-Nb2O5复合掺杂对SnO2基陶瓷的烧结性能及电阻率的影响。采用SEM及XRD对试样分别进行了微观结构观察及物相分析。研究表明,掺杂ZnO能提高陶瓷的体积密度,但对于降低电阻率的影响不明显,当ZnO掺杂量在0.5%～0.75%(质量分数)时,SnO2基体积密度可达到6.67～6.73g/cm3;掺杂Nb2O5不能有效提高烧成陶瓷的体积密度,但能显著降低SnO2基陶瓷的电阻率;0.5%(质量分数)ZnO～1.5%(质量分数)Nb2O5复合掺杂在1450℃下烧成的陶瓷可得到较好的性能,其体积密度可达到6.61g/cm3,常温电阻率为867.84Ω.cm。     

CeO2掺杂制备Ba0.9Ca0.1Ti1-xSnxO3压电陶瓷的结构及电性能

采用传统的陶瓷烧结技术,通过添加0.15%(摩尔分数)CeO2,在1120℃烧结2h,成功制备了新型无铅压电陶瓷Ba0.9 Ca0.1 Ti1-x Snx O3,并且检测了陶瓷样品的微结构和电性能.XRD显示所有陶瓷样品均具有纯的钙钛矿结构,在室温下为典型的四方相,SEM显示适量添加锡离子可以提高陶瓷致密性.在室温下,锡离子改性的BaTiO3基压电陶瓷在x=0.02处显示了优异的压电、介电和铁电性能(d33=276 pC/N,kp=46%,εr=3678,tanδ=2.4%,Pr=18.2μC/cm2,EC=1.12 kV/mm).这些优异的检测结果证实适当添加锡离子能改善BaT iO3基压电陶瓷的电性能.     

Fe2O3掺杂MgTiO3-CaTiO3微波陶瓷的介电性能研究

采用固相法制备0.93MgTiO3-0.07CaTiO3-xFe_2O_3(摩尔分数x=0.01~0.025)微波介质陶瓷材料,研究添加Fe_2O_3后,体系的晶体结构、显微结构和微波介电性能之间的变化规律。利用XRD、SEM、网络分析仪对样品的相组成、微观结构、介电性能进行测试分析。研究表明:该复合陶瓷样品的致密度、介电常数和Q·f值随Fe_2O_3含量的增加先增大后减小。当x(Fe_2O_3)为0.015,在1290℃烧结4h时,获得最优的介电性能:εr=21.32,Q·f=37448GHz,τf=0.577×10-6/℃。     

Li2CO3-B2O3-V2O5掺杂ZnO-TiO2陶瓷低温烧结的研究

以Li2CO3、B2O3和V2O53种常见的低熔点氧化物为烧结助剂,用传统固相法制备了Li2CO3-B2O3-V2O5掺杂的ZnO-TiO2微波介质陶瓷,并利用XRD、SEM等研究了ZnO-TiO2陶瓷的烧结行为、物相组成、显微结构特征及微波介电性能等。结果表明,当掺入3%(质量分数)Li2CO3-B2O3-V2O5时,在840℃烧结2h可制备出体积密度为4.99g/cm3的ZnO-TiO2陶瓷,达到理论密度的96.5%以上,εr、Q.f、τf分别约为24、22900GHz、-4×10-6/℃。     

Sm2O3掺杂(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3-Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3无铅压电陶瓷的制备与性能

采用固相合成法制备了Sm2O3掺杂的(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3-Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3(BCZT)无铅压电陶瓷.借助XRD、SEM等手段对该陶瓷的显微结构与电性能进行了研究.结果表明,Sm2O3的掺杂降低了BCZT无铅压电陶瓷的烧结温度并使居里温度点Tc从85℃提高到95℃.当Sm2O3掺杂量为0.02wt%～0.1wt%时,样品具有典型ABO3型钙钛矿结构.Sm2O3掺杂量为0.02wt%时,所得陶瓷样品具有最优综合电性能,其压电常数d33、机电耦合系数kp、机械品质因子Qm、介电损耗tanδ和介电常数εr分别为590 pC/N、0.52、43、1.3%和3372.     

微波和真空烧结制备La2O3掺杂Al2O3透明陶瓷

通过共沉淀法制备La2O3掺杂Al_2O_3纳米粉,粉体经压制后分别采用微波和真空烧结制备Al_2O_3透明陶瓷。结果表明:Al_2O_3粉末颗粒大小均匀,近似球形,为40~60nm;两种烧结方式制备的试样XRD图中均为α-Al_2O_3,未检测到其它相。La2O3掺杂量为1%时,随烧结温度升高,两种烧结方法得到的Al_2O_3陶瓷的相对密度和抗弯强度均呈上升趋势,且微波烧结陶瓷的相对密度和抗弯强度明显高于真空烧结。1500℃烧结时,随La2O3掺杂量的增加,Al_2O_3陶瓷的相对密度均先增大后减小,当La2O3掺杂量为1%时,Al_2O_3陶瓷的相对密度和抗弯强度均最大。微波烧结陶瓷的透光率明显高于真空烧结,且其断口晶粒比真空烧结明显细少。     

BaTi4O9微波介质陶瓷的低温烧结

研究液相多元添加对BaTi4O9微波介质陶瓷的烧结和介电性能的影响.通过添加(CuO和V2O5)烧结助剂来达到降低烧结温度的效果,并且使其保持较好的微波、高频性能.实验结果表明在添加合适的烧结助剂下,烧结温度为1180℃时,BaTi4O9微波介质陶瓷在1MHz下的介电性能ε=41.2,tgδ=5,τ=82×10-6/℃.基本保持了良好的介电性能.     

Raman scattering study on ferroelectric (Ba0.32Sr0.68)2Nb2O7 ceramics

Raman scattering technique was applied to examine the Ba-doping effect to the two low temperature phase transitions of Sr₂Nb₂O₇ (SN) in the temperature range from −190 to 600 °C. The line shape of Raman spectra can be well fitted by multidamped harmonic oscillator model. We did not observe any soft mode related to the two low temperature phase transitions corresponding to those of the pure SN. It is correlated to the disappearance of the incommensurate phase in (Ba_0.32Sr_0.68)₂Nb₂O₇ ceramics. However, the temperature dependence behavior of the three low frequency modes indicates another new structural phase transition around 270 °C. It is considered that the reduction of the interlayer interaction caused by partial replacement of Sr-site by Ba-site, whose ionic radius is larger than that of Sr, may be the reason for the disappearance of the incommensurate phase transition in (Ba_0.32Sr_0.68)₂Nb₂O₇ ceramics.     

Al2O3颗粒形貌对注凝成型ZrO2/Al2O3陶瓷性能的影响

采用3种不同形貌的Al₂O₃原料对注凝成型制备ZrO₂/Al₂O₃（ZTA）陶瓷工艺中悬浮体的流变性能进行了研究。以低毒的单体N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺（DMAA）制备了ZrO₂/Al₂O₃坯体和陶瓷。讨论了3种不同形貌的Al₂O₃原浆料的分散剂用量、球磨时间和固含量对浆料流变性的影响。Al₂O₃粉体呈扁平状有利于降低浆料的黏度,Al₂O₃粉体呈棒状对生坯强度的提高有利。制得的3种ZrO₂/Al₂O₃坯体颗粒间结合紧密,抗弯强度分别达到21.45,19.87,25.90 MPa。Al₂O₃粉体呈颗粒状有利于最终陶瓷力学性能的提高,陶瓷的抗弯强度及断裂韧性分别为680 MPa和7.49 MPa·m^1/2,453.1 MPa和6.8 MPa·m^1/2,549.4 MPa和6.34 MPa·m^1/2。     

Synthesis of Bi2Fe4O9 via PVA sol-gel route

Bi₂Fe₄O₉ powders were synthesized by a sol-gel process using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a complexing agent. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric (TG), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Field emission scanning electron microscope (FSEM) techniques were used to characterize precursor and derived oxide powders. The effect of the ratios of positively charged valences to hydroxyl groups of PVA (Mⁿ⁺/-OH) on the formation of Bi₂Fe₄O₉ was investigated. XRD analysis showed that single-phase Bi₂Fe₄O₉ was obtained from the Mⁿ⁺/-OH = 2:1 and Mⁿ⁺/-OH = 1:1 precursors at the temperature of 700 °C. For the precursor with Mⁿ⁺/-OH = 4:1, pure Bi₂Fe₄O₉ formed at the temperature of 800 °C. Bi₂Fe₄O₉ powders clacined at 700 °C from Mⁿ⁺/-OH = 2:1 precursor shows weak ferromagnetism.     

Polymeric precursor synthesis of Ba2Ti9O20

Ba₂Ti₉O₂₀ was synthesized by Pechini method using citric acid as a chelating agent and ethylene glycol as an esterification agent. The effects, of the pH of the starting solutions and the molar ratio of citric acid to total metal cations concentration on the formation of Ba₂Ti₉O₂₀, were investigated. Increasing the pH of the starting solutions enhances the formation of Ba₂Ti₉O₂₀, but the increase of the molar ratio of citric acid to total metal cations concentration retards the formation of Ba₂Ti₉O₂₀ due to increased diffusion distances. Single-phase Ba₂Ti₉O₂₀ was obtained at 1200 °C for 4 h when the molar ratio of citric acid to total metal cations concentration was unity, regardless of the pH of the starting solutions. Increasing the molar ratio of citric acid to total metal cations concentration up to 2, single-phase Ba₂Ti₉O₂ was synthesized at 1200 °C for 6 h for the precursors with pH 3.5 and 6, but not for the precursors with pH 2.0. DTA, TG, XRD, FT–IR spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the precursors and the derived oxide powders. Details of the synthesis and characterizations of the resultant products were given.     

The effect of B site cations on optical properties of paraelectric KTa1/2Nb1/2O3 crystal

The effect of B site cations on the optical properties of paraelectric solid solution KTa_1/2Nb_1/2O₃ crystal has been studied by means of density functional theory. Three arrangements of B site cations are presented. The optimized lattice parameters are in good agreement with the experimental values. Reflectivity, refractive index and optical conductivity are investigated. The calculated optical properties are very close to the results of other researchers. It is found that the B site cations ordering obviously influences the optical properties of KTN crystal.     

不同晶型Fe2O3催化H2O2湿法脱硝的实验研究

研究了以α-Fe₂O₃、β-Fe₂O₃和γ-Fe₂O₃为催化剂的类Fenton试剂溶液氧化吸收NO的过程,分析了3种Fe₂O₃的晶相结构和表面性质对NO脱除效率的影响机理。脱硝性能测试结果表明：γ-Fe₂O₃的活性最好,在H₂O₂浓度为1.5 mol/L、催化剂浓度为20 mmol/L、pH值为5以及反应温度为55℃等条件下,γ-Fe₂O₃的脱硝率可达87.5%。机理研究表明：3种Fe₂O₃催化H₂O₂分解湿法脱除NO的反应发生在催化剂表面,反应过程中存在氧化还原循环,H₂O₂催化分解的主要产物是·OH。活性差异分析结果表明：Fe₂O₃的晶相结构和表面性质对NO的脱除效果具有显著的影响,γ-Fe₂O₃的活性最高是由于比表面积大、分散性高和表面的Fe²⁺含量更多,而β-Fe₂O₃的活性高于α-Fe₂O₃是由于表面的氧空位含量更多。     

Bi2O3助熔剂对CaO-B2O3-SiO2/Al2O3玻璃陶瓷复合材料性能的影响

以CaO-B₂O₃-SiO₂(CBS)玻璃粉体和Al₂O₃陶瓷粉体为原料,通过在CBS与Al₂O₃的质量比固定为50:50的玻璃-陶瓷复合材料中添加适量的Bi₂O₃作为烧结助熔剂,探讨了Bi₂O₃助熔剂对CBS/Al₂O₃复合材料的烧结性能、介电性能、抗弯强度和热膨胀系数的影响规律.研究表明:Bi₂O₃助熔剂能通过降低CBS玻璃的转变温度和黏度促进CBS/Al₂O₃复合材料的致密化进程,于880 ℃下烧结即能获得结构较致密、气孔较少的CBS/Al₂O₃复合材料.然而,过量添加Bi₂O₃将使玻璃的黏度过低,从而恶化CBS/Al₂O₃复合材料的烧结性能、介电性能及抗弯强度.当Bi₂O₃的添加量为CBS/Al₂O₃复合材料的1.5wt%时,于880 ℃下烧结即能获得最为致密的CBS/Al₂O₃复合材料,密度为2.82 g·cm^-3,这一材料具有良好的介电性能(介电常数为7.21,介电损耗为1.06×10^-3),抗弯强度为190.34 MPa,0~300 ℃的热膨胀系数为3.52×10^-6 K^-1.     

Depolarization temperature and piezoelectric properties of Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3-Na1/2Bi1/2(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 ceramics by two-stage calcination method

A new group of NBT-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics, Na_1/2Bi_1/2TiO₃-Na_1/2Bi_1/2(Zn_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃, was synthesized using the two-stage calcination method and depolarization temperatures and piezoelectric properties were also investigated. The XRD analysis showed that the ceramics system had a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) between the rhombohedral and the tetragonal structure. The highest piezoelectric properties of d ₃₃ = 97 pC/N and k _t = 0·46 were obtained near MPB compositions. Furthermore, the depolarization temperatures near MPB compositions were slightly decreased and the lowest T _d was maintained at 210°C.