掺杂钒酸铋的光催化性能研究

以Bi(NO3)3.5H2O和NH4VO3为原料,水热法合成了单斜相BiVO4粉体。利用X射线衍射、透射电镜、紫外可见漫反射对所合成产物进行了表征,并与高温固相法合成的产物进行了对比。用浸渍法对水热法合成产物进行了9种元素的掺杂,对掺杂BiVO4进行了光催化降解亚甲基蓝性能的研究。结果表明,Cu掺杂BiVO4显示出最大的光催化降解速率,2h降解率可达82%,而Ce掺杂降解能力降低,Si掺杂提高了吸附性。     

Cu掺杂BiVO4微米片的水热合成和光催化性能

以Bi(NO3)3.5H2O、NaVO3和Cu(NO3)2.3H2O为原料并以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为结构导向剂通过水热法制备了Cu/BiVO4微米片晶体。采用XRD、XPS、SEM、HRTEM、UV-Vis、比表面积测试等对产品进行了表征。结果表明,2.0 g CTAB辅助水热法能够合成结晶度高且形貌规整的单斜白钨矿Cu/BiVO4微米片晶体,其长度为1.0～2.0μm,宽度为0.5～2.0μm,厚度在200～300 nm内。相比BiVO4颗粒,片状Cu/BiVO4样品的紫外–可见光吸收边发生了稍许红移,具有较小的能带隙。光催化结果说明,5.0wt%Cu/BiVO4微米片表现出最好的光催化活性,其速度常数k为5.89×10–2/min,可见光照射10 mg/L亚甲基蓝溶液60 min的光解率达100%。     

TiO_2/BiVO_4复合光催化剂的水热法合成及其光催化性能研究

以Bi(NO3)3·5H2O和NH4VO3为原料,采用水热法合成了BiVO4和TiO2/BiVO4复合光催化剂,借助XRD、SEM、UV-Vis、IR等测试手段对样品进行了表征。XRD分析表明,所得BiVO4为单斜晶系结构,与TiO2复合后,特征衍射峰窄化,强度略增;SEM显示,BiVO4样品呈现规整的多边立方体形貌,TiO2/BiVO4粉体为规整球状形貌。UV-Vis紫外可见光谱表明,BiVO4和TiO2/BiVO4在400~700nm的可见光区域对光响应。根据光吸收特性,选择亚甲基蓝为模拟污染物,考察了样品的光催化活性。结果表明,与BiVO4相比,TiO2/BiVO4具有更高的可见光催化降解活性,催化降解亚甲基蓝的降解率达到95.9%。     

新型Pt/BiVO4可见光活性光催化剂的制备和表征

以Bi(NO3)3NH4VO3和H2PtCl6为原料,采用浸渍法制备了新型复合光催化剂Pt/BiVO4,并利用XRD、SEM、XPS和DRS等手段对其进行了表征.结果表明: Pt/BiVO4光催化剂为单斜相结构,复合光催化剂在可见光区的吸收增强,吸收带边红移到了红光区.在λ>400nm的可见光照射下,以甲基橙的光催化降解为模型反应,研究了该新型光催化剂的光催化活性,结果发现t与纯BiVO4样品相比,Pt/BiVO4复合样品的光催化活性大幅提高.该新型光催化剂具有高活性的原因可能是PtCl4颗粒的光敏化作用造成的.     

水热合成单斜晶系BiVO4可见光催化剂及其性能

采用水热法合成了纯单斜晶系的可见光催化剂BiVO4,考察了水热温度、水热时间和体系的pH值对BiVO4结构和光催化性能的影响。利用XRD、SEM、BET和UV-VIS对样品进行了表征,结果表明:获得的BiVO4具有中空棒状结构,升高水热温度、提高反应溶液的pH值、延长水热时间有利于单斜晶系BiVO4的生成。确定了BiVO4的最优合成条件为:水热温度140℃,水热时间6h,反应体系pH=9。选择亚甲基蓝溶液作为光催化降解物质,研究BiVO4的可见光催化性能和催化机理。结果表明,最优条件下制备的BiVO4具有较好的可见光催化性能;同时,增加降解体系的pH值提高了催化剂对亚甲基蓝的吸附能力和活化电子的利用效率,有利于提高BiVO4的光催化性能。     

水热合成多壁碳纳米管/钒酸铋复合材料

通过水热合成方法制备了钒酸铋(BiVO_4)和多壁碳纳米管/钒酸铋(MWCNTS/BiVO_4)复合材料,用XRD、SEM-EDX、DRS等技术对所制备的材料进行了表征。研究了在可见光照射下材料降解亚甲基蓝溶液(MB)的光催化性能。当掺杂MWCNTS后,增强了样品对可见光的吸收能力,减小了催化剂的带隙宽度,有利于提高BiVO4复合材料在可见光下的光催化活性。在可见光照射下降解亚甲基蓝溶液的光催化实验表明,质量含量为10%MWCNTS/BiVO_4样品的光催化活性最高,可见光照射3h对亚甲基蓝溶液的降解率达91.8%,与纯BiVO_4相比,其光降解率约提高了近1倍。     

不同结构形貌BiVO4的水热制备及可见光催化性能

采用水热法,无需添加剂,通过调控反应液pH值和反应温度制备了不同结构和形貌的BiVO4可见光催化剂.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外可见漫反射(DRS)和低温氮吸附等手段对样品进行表征,结果显示:水热温度与反应液pH值对晶体结构有很大影响,180℃水热温度和酸性条件有利于单斜相的生成.反应液pH值对形貌也有很大影响,不同条件下得到了片状、立方状、棒状等不同形貌的BiVO4.同时以亚甲基蓝为降解对象,考察了所制备BiVO4的可见光催化活性.其中,pH值为2,反应液中制备的片状单斜相BiVO4具有最高的光催化活性(4 h达92.0%).此外,还考察了光催化剂用量、亚甲基蓝浓度和电子受体的存在对光催化过程的影响,结果表明:当催化剂用量为1.0 g/L,亚甲基蓝浓度为10 mg/L,KBrO3为电子受体时光催化效果最佳.     

不同晶型BiVO_4微球的制备及其对光催化性能的影响

以Bi（NO3）3、NH4VO3为原料,NaOH为pH调节剂,采用微波水热法在180℃制备了BiVO4微球,分析了不同煅烧温度对晶型、形貌的影响,并进一步探讨了BiVO4晶型与其光催化性能的关系。采用XRD、SEM和UV-Vis吸收光谱对产品进行了分析表征,并以光催化降解亚甲基蓝为模型反应研究BiVO4的光催化性能。结果表明所制备的BiVO4微球是四方相结构,球的直径在1～3μm之间,将其在500℃煅烧后发生晶型转变,600℃煅烧可得到纯单斜相BiVO4微球,且具有良好的可见光催化活性。而且,不同晶型的BiVO4影响亚甲基蓝的降解效果。     

太阳光下Cr~(3+)掺杂TiO_2复合微粒光催化性能研究

利用酸催化的溶胶一凝胶法成功地合成了一系列不同CP3+掺杂量(x=0.01%～10%)的TiO2复合光催化剂(Cd3+/TiO2).在太阳光条件下,以亚甲基蓝溶液的光催化降解对复合材料的光催化性能进行了表征,并考察了催化剂投加量、Cr3+掺杂量和溶液pH值等因素对光催化降解反应的影响.结果表明,亚甲基蓝溶液在复合微粒上的光催化降解反应遵循Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学模型,在催化剂投加量为lg/L、Cr3+掺入量为0.3%和pH=7时,Cr3+/TiO2复合微粒光催化活性达最佳,测得表观反应速率常数 K为7.27×10-3 rag(L·min)-1,t1/2为95min,反应4h后亚甲基蓝的降解率可达79%,与纯的TiO2相比较,反应速率提高了2倍,降解率提高了20%.中性或碱性条件下有利于亚甲基蓝溶液的光催化降解.     

Co掺杂ZnGa_2O_4的制备及其光催化性能

以ZnCl2、Ga(NO3)3·xH2O、CoCl2·6H2O为原料,采用水热法制备了立方晶型的Zn1-xCoxGa2O4光催化剂,用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外漫反射(UV-Vis)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等测试手段对催化剂进行了表征,结果表明,Co成功地掺入到ZnGa2O4晶格内,Co的掺入能够影响催化剂的形貌,缩小催化剂的禁带宽度。光催化降解罗丹明B溶液实验结果表明,Co的掺入提高了催化剂的催化活性,掺入量为x=0.010的Zn1-xCoxGa2O4具有最佳的光催化性能,同时Zn1-xCoxGa2O4样品对罗丹明B溶液的光催化降解反应符合伪一级反应动力学规律。并对Co掺入后光催化活性提高的机理进行了讨论。     

Co-BiVO4光催化剂的制备及其用于光催化氧化噻吩

采用水热法制备了掺杂型可见光催化剂Co-BiVO4,用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外可见漫反射(DRS)和低温氮吸附等表征手段对其结构性质进行了表征.结果显示,Co的掺杂没有改变BiVO4的晶相,在pH=7时制备的Co-BiVO4是单斜晶系白钨矿,晶型较完整.同时Co的掺杂延伸了BiVO4的可见光吸收范围,吸收边带明显红移,能隙禁带宽窄于纯BiVO4.低温氮吸附表明Co-BiVO4催化剂(pH=7)的孔半径主要分布在2.67 nm附近.在空气–有机溶剂体系中,研究了Co-BiVO4氧化脱除FCC汽油中特征硫化物噻吩的效果.实验结果表明,催化剂加入量为1.0 mg/L,空气通气量为150 mL/min,氙灯光照3.0 h,Co-BiVO4(pH=7.0)对模拟汽油的脱硫率可达到86%.     

Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic properties of Cu-loaded BiVO(4)

A series of Cu-loaded BiVO(4) (Cu-BiVO(4)) catalysts were prepared by impregnation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and special surface area. The photocatalytic activities of Cu-BiVO(4) catalysts for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) were found to depend largely on the Cu content and the calcination temperature. The optimum Cu loading and calcination temperature were found to be 5 at.% and 300 degrees C, respectively. The results of XPS and SEM analysis indicated that Cu, CuO in this case, was dispersed on the surface of BiVO(4). The results of DRS analysis showed that the Cu-BiVO(4) series catalysts had significant optical absorption in the visible region between 550 and 800 nm and found that the absorption intensity increased with the enhancement of Cu content. An efficient N-demethylation of MB using Cu-BiVO(4) catalyst (5 at.% Cu content) calcined at 300 degrees C was also observed.     

前驱溶液的碱浓度对BiVO4粉体的微波水热法制备及光催化性能的影响

以Bi(NO3)3·5H2O和NH4VO3为原料,采用微波水热法在200℃不同前驱液碱浓度下制备了BiVO4粉体。利用XRD、FE-SEM、BET、UV-Vis等手段研究了前驱液碱浓度对BiVO4晶型、结构及形貌的影响,并对不同前驱液碱浓度下合成粉体的光催化性能进行了研究。溶于纯水获得的粉体是单斜相和四方相1～3μm八面体结构的BiVO4混晶。溶于HNO3和NaOH溶液时制得粉体为纯单斜相3μm大小球状BiVO4,NaOH增加到4mol/L时为2μm大小鱼排骨状BiVO4的混晶。光催化结果表明,紫外光下光催化活性顺序为:BiVO4(纯水)>BiVO4(4mol/L NaOH)>BiVO4(2mol/L NaOH),可见光下光催化活性顺序为:BiVO4(4mol/L NaOH)>BiVO4(纯水)>BiVO4(2mol/L NaOH)。     

Fabrication characterization and activity of a solar light driven photocatalyst: cerium doped TiO2 magnetic nanofibers

A novel magnetic separable composite photocatalytic nanofiber consisting of TiO2 as the major phase, CeO(2-y) and CoFe2O4 as the dopant phase was prepared by sol-gel method and electrospinning technique, and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectrum (UV-vis DRS) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The photocatalytic activity of the resultant CoFe2O4-TiO2 and CeO(2-y)/CoFe2O4-TiO2 nanofibers was evaluated by photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) in an aqueous solution under xenon lamp (the irradiation spectrum energy distribution is similar to sunlight) irradiation in a photochemical reactor. The results showed that the dopant of Ce could affect the absorbance ability and photo-response range. The sample containing 1.0 wt% CeO(2-y) exhibited the highest degradation with 35% for MB under simulate solar light irradiation. Furthermore, the as-synthesized composite photocatalytic nanofibers could be separated easily by an external magnetic field, thus it might hold potential for application in wastewater treatment.     

离子液体中Co掺杂介孔TiO2可见光催化剂的制备及性能研究

以离子液体([C₄MIM]BF₄)为模板剂, 采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了介孔TiO₂和Co掺杂的介孔TiO₂光催化剂。研究了Co掺杂对样品的比表面积、晶相、元素价态、吸光特性及可见光活性的影响。结果表明: 所制备的Co/TiO₂光催化剂为介孔结构的具有较大比表面积的锐钛矿相纳米颗粒; XPS分析表明: Co以Co²⁺取代Ti⁴⁺进入TiO₂晶格形成杂质能级, 降低了TiO₂带隙能, 有效拓展了TiO₂的光响应范围。以亚甲基蓝水溶液为降解对象, 在可见光 (λ>420 nm)下考察制备样品的光催化活性, 结果表明: Co掺杂的TiO₂具有可见光活性, 且0.3%Co/TiO₂的活性最高。     

Deactivation mechanism of PtOx/TiO(2) photocatalyst towards the oxidation of NO in gas phase

This study has been undertaken to investigate the roles of PtO and PtO(2) deposits in photocatalytic oxidation of NO over Pt-modified TiO(2) catalysts. These photocatalysts were prepared by neutralization method and characterized by XRD, BET, XPS, TEM and FTIR. It was found that Pt dopant existed as PtO and PtO(2) particles in as-prepared photocatalysts. And these Pt dopants would change their oxidation states during the photocatalytic oxidation reaction. An in situ XPS study indicated that a portion of PtO(2) on the surface of Pt/TiO(2) was reduced to PtO under UV irradiation. The migration of electrons to PtO(2) particles could separate the electrons and holes, resulting in the improvement of photocatalytic activity. And the depletion of PtO(2) by electrons could lead to the deactivation of Pt/TiO(2) catalyst. Moreover, PtO particles could be corroded to form Pt(2+) ions by HNO(3), which was one of the products of photocatalytic oxidation of NO. NO would adsorb on Pt(2+) related sites to form Pt(n+)-NO nitrosyls, retarding photocatalytic oxidation of NO to NO(2).     

Ru掺杂TiO2和TiO2/SiO2光催化剂的制备及可见光分解水制氢性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了系列Ru/TiO2和Ru/TiO2/SiO2可见光活性光催化剂。通过TEM、XPS、XRD、UV-Vis漫反射和电化学对样品进行了表征。发现Ru和Si的存在可以抑制TiO2的相转变和晶粒生长;Ru掺杂使TiO2和TiO2/SiO2对可见光的吸收增强,也提高了光生电子和空穴的分离,因而,提高了催化剂可见光分解水制氢活性。当Ru在TiO2和TiO2/SiO2中的掺杂量分别为0.014%和0.021%(质量分数)时,光催化剂的可见光活性最高,且Ru/TiO2/SiO2活性为Ru/TiO2的5倍。     

Structural, photophysical and photocatalytic properties of novel Bi2AlVO7

Bi(2)AlVO(7) was prepared by solid-state reaction technique for the first time and the structural and photocatalytic properties of Bi(2)AlVO(7) and Bi(2)InTaO(7) were investigated. The results showed that Bi(2)AlVO(7) crystallized in the tetragonal crystal system with space group I4/mmm. In addition, the band gaps of Bi(2)AlVO(7) and Bi(2)InTaO(7) were estimated to be about 2.06 and 2.81 eV. The photocatalytic degradation of aqueous methylene blue (MB) dye with Bi(2)AlVO(7) or Bi(2)InTaO(7) as catalyst was investigated under visible light irradiation. Bi(2)AlVO(7) showed higher photocatalytic activity compared with Bi(2)InTaO(7) for photocatalytic degradation of MB under visible light irradiation. Complete removal of aqueous MB dye was realized after visible light irradiation for 160 min with Bi(2)AlVO(7) as the photocatalyst. The reduction of the total organic carbon (TOC) and the formation of inorganic products, SO(4)(2-) and NO(3)(-) revealed the continuous mineralization of aqueous MB dye during the photocatalytic process. The possible photocatalytic degradation pathway of aqueous MB dye was revealed under visible light irradiation.     

氮掺杂Bi2O3光催化剂的制备及其可见光催化性能

以硝酸铋和六次甲基四胺为原料,采用沉淀法合成了不同氮掺杂量的Bi2O3(N-Bi2O3)粉体,并采用XRD、FT-IR、XPS、UV-Vis、PL手段对其晶相结构和光谱特征等进行了表征.研究结果表明,未掺杂Bi2O3为单斜相α-Bi2O3,氮掺杂Bi2O3则为四方相β-Bi2O3和Bi5O7NO3组成的混晶,氮原子替代了Bi2O3晶格中部分氧原子,形成了Bi N键而稳定存在.氮掺杂能促进β-Bi2O3的生成.与未掺杂Bi2O3粉体相比,氮掺杂样品的吸收带边发生了明显红移,荧光强度明显减弱.甲基橙在可见光下的降解实验表明,氮掺杂Bi2O3具有良好的可见光催化活性.