均一球形微米级粒子制备技术的研究进展

综述了均一球形微米级粒子的几种重要制备方法,包括切丝或打孔重熔法、雾化法、均匀液滴喷射法以及脉冲小孔喷射法等,介绍了各类制备方法的原理、特点、应用、存在的问题及发展趋势等相关的研究现状,并综合指出各类方法产生液滴的冷却凝固行为,从而通过比较分析,得到脉冲小孔喷射法制备的微粒子具有圆球度高、粒子尺寸均匀、粒径可控、热履历一致等优良特点,尤其对于高温或功能粒子的制备方面,该方法具有不可替代的作用。     

金属玻璃基复合材料的制备及断裂韧性测试

采用铜模吸铸法制备了(Zr0.55Al0.1Ni0.05Cu0.30)100-xTix(x=0、2、4、6、8)板状哑铃型金属玻璃基复合材料试样。用X射线衍射(XRD)、岛津AG-10TA万能材料力学试验机和JSM-6700F场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对试样的组织结构以及断裂韧性进行了测试。结果表明,当x=0、2、4时,试样为非晶-晶体复合材料,当x=6、8时,试样为晶体材料。表明通过调整Ti的含量可以制备出金属玻璃基复合材料。采用三点弯曲法测定了复合材料的断裂韧性,当x=0、2、4时,试样的断裂韧性KIC值分别为10.529、5.142和3.446MPa.m1/2。     

脉冲微孔法制备均匀微粒子过程中液滴振动机理的模拟研究

主要模拟了脉冲微孔喷射法(POEM)制备均一微粒子过程中液滴振动行为以及材料物性值(如粘度、表面张力等)对振动的影响。通过比较不同粒径液滴的振动时间和开始凝固时间,揭示不同气氛下获得高圆球度微粒子的规律。结果表明最初产生的液滴存在振动现象,随着振动的减弱液滴逐渐振动为球形;当表面张力增加时,液滴的振动频率增加,振动时间减小;粘度增加时,振动频率几乎不变,但振动时间显著减小;对于熔点较低的材料,适合选用Ar作为冷却气体;制备的粒子粒径越小,越容易获得较高的圆球度。     

块体非晶合金玻璃形成能力的新判据

基于合金熔体的液相稳定性和抗晶化能力分析,提出了一个评估非晶合金玻璃形成能力(GFA)的新判据:ω=Tg/Tx-2Tg/(Tg+Tl),其中,Tg为玻璃转变温度,Tx为晶化开始温度,Tl为液相线温度。利用报道的金属玻璃实验数据对ω、Trg(=Tg/Tl)、ΔTx(=Tx-Tg)、γ(=Tx/(Tg+Tl))、γm(=(2Tx-Tg)/Tl)、α(=Tx/Tl)、β(=(Tx/Tg+Tg/Tl)、δ(=Tx/(Tl-Tg)、φ(=Trg(ΔTx/Tg)0.143)和2β(=Tx×Tg/(Tl-Tx)2)判据与GFA相关性进行了统计分析。结果表明:ω与临界冷却速率(Rc),1/ω与形成非晶的最大直径(Dmax)都具有最强的线性相关性。     

均一微米级液滴和粒子的制备及研究现状

从原理、特点、存在的问题等方面分别介绍了几种制备微米级液滴和粒子的方法,如雾化法、切丝或打孔重熔法、乳化法、均一液滴成型法、脉冲小孔喷射法。其中脉冲小孔喷射法制备出的微米级液滴和粒子粒径均一可控,圆球度高,热履历一致,具有良好的发展潜力。此外,介绍了微米级液滴和粒子的应用领域及研究现状。     

块状金属玻璃形成能力的研究与进展

大尺寸块状非晶合金的制备和形成能力的表征是目前非晶态合金研究的热点.介绍了科研人员在Inoue经验理论的指导下发现的判定块状金属玻璃形成能力的方法:①用合金摩尔熔化热判定金属玻璃形成能力;②由液相稳定性和抗晶化能力判定金属玻璃形成能力;③由于物理参数研究金属玻璃形成能力.探讨了热力学、动力学和合金液体微观结构3个因素对金属玻璃形成能力的影响.最后指出,块状金属玻璃形成能力的研究是一个比较复杂的问题,应该在积累更多经验的同时致力于研究出一套严谨的理论.     

脉冲微孔喷射法制备单分散Al-70%Sn核壳结构粒子及其相分离行为

采用脉冲微孔喷射法(POEM)成功地制备出粒径分布范围小、圆球度高、外观形貌一致的Al-70%Sn(质量分数)核壳结构粒子。探究了粒径大小、过热度及气体氛围对粒子内部形貌的影响,结合电子探针、能谱分析及冷却速率模拟计算,探讨富Al相为核心和富Sn相为壳层的核壳结构形成机理。结果表明,随着粒径的增大,粒子由非核壳结构向液珠朝核心聚集型、规则核壳型及核心偏离圆心型的核壳结构转变。采用切面修正方法计算了规则核壳结构粒子核的真实体积分数,发现核的真实体积分数随着液相分离过冷度的增大而增大。该方法可用来估算规则核壳结构粒子发生液相分离时过冷度的大小。     

Mg-Cu-Y基大块金属玻璃的研究进展

综述了近几年来Mg-Cu-Y基大块金属玻璃在玻璃形成能力和性能上的研究进展,阐述了各种合金化元素对提高玻璃形成能力和性能的作用机理,并提出了Mg-Cu-Y基多元非晶合金成分的选择依据.最后分析了Mg基大块金属玻璃目前存在的问题,并就以后Mg基非晶合金的发展动向进行了展望.     

钛酸盐玻璃形成的动力学研究

根据玻璃形成的动力学理论,分析了高 TiO_2含量的钛酸盐玻璃的形成情况。用玻璃的粘度、差热分析等实验数据,计算了不同 TiO_2含量玻璃的 Hruby 值(K_(?))、成核速率(I_v)、晶化活化能(E_c)和临界冷却速率(R_(?))。结果表明,随玻璃组份中 TiO_2含量的增加、B_2O_3量的减少,玻璃的临界冷却速率值增大,玻璃形成趋于困难。含50mol% TiO_2玻璃的 R_c 值约为10~3K/s。     

块体金属玻璃制备技术的研究进展

主要介绍了块体金属玻璃的连接技术、放电等离子烧结法和电磁振动法等制备块体金属玻璃的新技术手段。块体金属玻璃的连接技术包括激光焊、爆炸焊、电子束焊、熔融液相连接法和摩擦焊等。采用焊接的方法可将块体金属玻璃连接在一起,以形成大尺寸甚至超大尺寸的块体金属玻璃;放电等离子烧结可在很短时间内制备多孔、大尺寸和具有一定塑性的块体金属玻璃,在制备具有优异软磁性能的块体金属玻璃上也具有显著优势;电磁振动法可以有效抑制晶体形核,显著提高块体金属玻璃体系的玻璃形成能力,从而制备更大尺寸的块体金属玻璃。     

Mechanical Properties, Damage and Fracture Mechanisms of Bulk Metallic Glass Materials

The deformation, damage, fracture, plasticity and melting phenomenon induced by shear fracture were investigated and summarized for Zr-, Cu-, Ti- and Mg-based bulk metallic glasses （BMGs） and their composites. The shear fracture angles of these BMG materials often display obvious differences under compression and tension, and follow either the Mohr-Coulomb criterion or the unified tensile fracture criterion. The compressive plasticity of the composites is always higher than the tensile plasticity, leading to a significant inconsistency. The enhanced plasticity of BMG composites containing ductile dendrites compared to monolithic glasses strongly depends on the details of the microstructure of the composites. A deformation and damage mechanism of pseudo-plasticity, related to local cracking, is proposed to explain the inconsistency of plastic deformation under tension and compression. Besides, significant melting on the shear fracture surfaces was observed. It is suggested that melting is a common phenomenon in these materials with high strength and high elastic energy, as it is typical for BMGs and their composites failing under shear fracture. The melting mechanism can be explained by a combined effect of a significant temperature rise in the shear bands and the instantaneous release of the large amount of elastic energy stored in the material.     

Electrical Resistance Measurement of Glass Transition and Crystallization Characteristics of Zr—Al—Cu—Ni Metallic Glasses

In this paper,glass transition and thermal stability of the Zr-Al-Cu-Ni metallic glasses were investigated by using electrical resistance measurement(ERM),DSC and X-ray diffraction techniques.The experimental results show that the ERM is capable of detecting the glass transition of the amorphous alloys and can help to distinguish the crystallization products of the Zr-Al-Cu-Ni metallic glasses owing to the difference of the electrical resistivity between the precipitation phases.     

A Finite-Deformation Constitutive Model of Bulk Metallic Glass Plasticity

A constitutive model of bulk metallic glass (BMG) plasticity is developed which accounts for finitedeformation kinematics, the kinetics of free volume, strain hardening, thermal softening, rate-dependency and non-Newtonian viscosity. The model has been validated against uniaxial compression test data; and against plate bending experiments. The model captures accurately salient aspects of the material behavior including: the viscosity of Vitreloy 1 as a function of temperature and strain rate; the temperature and strain-rate dependence of the equilibrium free-volume concentration; the uniaxial compression stress-strain curves as a function of strain rate and temperature; and the dependence of shear-band spacing on plate thickness. Calculations suggest that, under adiabatic conditions, strain softening and localization in BMGs is due both to an increase in free volume and to the rise in temperature within the band. The calculations also suggest that the shear band spacing in plate-bending specimens is controlled by the stress relaxation in the vicinity of the shear bands.     

Complete Composition Tunability of Cu(Ni)-Ti-Zr Alloys for Bulk Metallic Glass Formation

In the Cu-Zr-Ti ternary system, a new composition zone of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) formation was discovered, locating at the 55-57 at. Pct Cu, 30-31 at. Pct Ti and 13-14 at. Pct Zr, and near Cu-Ti binary subsystem rather than the Cu-Zr binary. For these alloys, BMG rods of 2 mm in diameter can be fabricated by using copper mould casting. It is expected that these BMG-forming alloys correlate with (L→CuTi+Cu2TiZr+Cu61Zr14) eutectic reaction that the undercooled melt undergoes during solidification. Adopting "3D pinpointing ap-proach", compositional dependence of glass-forming ability (GFA) in Cu(Ni)-Ti-Zr pseudo ternary system was revisited. Optimized BMG-forming composition is located at Cu50.4Ni5.6Ti31Zr13, with a critical diameter of 6 mm for complete BMG formation. Its GFA is significantly superior to Vit 101 (Cu47Ni8Ti34Zr11) previously developed by Caltech group. The effect that the GFA of the ternary base alloy was improved by substitution of Ni for Cu is attributed to a role of retarding the crystallization of Cu51Zr14 intermetallics.