Power,Adaptive Preferences,and Negotiation: Process Specifics Matters

Process structure and dynamics matter when we want to understand how power and preferences interact within multi-stakeholder processes such as negotiations. In Shin's paper, “Can One Actually Say What One Wants?” the structure of the processes under scrutiny is not sufficiently described, nor are many important dynamics among the parties. I argue here that a more fruitful research question is: “When can one actually say what one wants?” By removing the presumption that power is the only crucial variable, this question allows for a more nuanced understanding of the rare conditions when parties can talk honestly. Finally, I present some of the findings from mediation theory, showing the conditions under which parties can talk more honestly and effectively about their disagreements in the face of unequal power.     

Policy gaps: future challenges for research

This commentary considers the Building Research &; Information special issue (volume 43/4) entitled ‘Closing the Policy Gaps: From Formulation to Outcomes'. Although the call for papers received an international response, the special issue has a focus on cases of policy-making and outcomes in the UK. A critical review is presented addressing several questions for the international research, consultancy and policy-making communities. What can these international communities learn from the presented examples? How do variations in governance regimes and structures influence policy formulation and outcomes, particularly the reduction in policy ‘gaps’? What future steps could be taken to produce more internationally oriented comparative research on policy-making and implementation regarding the built environment and urban–regional development? How can evidence and analysis be used to build theory? Do the research and consultancy communities need to improve their policy literacy? What lessons can the research community, in particular, learn from this process in advising on policy formation and implementation processes?     

Critical review of mercury fates and contamination in the arctic tundra ecosystem

Mercury (Hg) contamination in tundra region has raised substantial concerns, especially since the first report of atmospheric mercury depletion events (AMDEs) in the Polar Regions. During the past decade, steady progress has been made in the research of Hg cycling in the Polar Regions. This has generated a unique opportunity to survey the whole Arctic in respect to Hg issue and to find out new discoveries. However, there are still considerable knowledge gaps and debates on the fate of Hg in the Arctic and Antarctica, especially regarding the importance and significance of AMDEs vs. net Hg loadings and other processes that burden Hg in the Arctic. Some studies argued that climate warming since the last century has exerted profound effects on the limnology of High Arctic lakes, including substantial increases in autochthonous primary productivity which increased in sedimentary Hg, whereas some others pointed out the importance of the formation and postdeposition crystallographic history of the snow and ice crystals in determining the fate and concentration of mercury in the cryosphere in addition to AMDEs. Is mercury re-emitted back to the atmosphere after AMDEs? Is Hg methylation effective in the Arctic tundra? Where the sources of MeHg are? What is its fate? Is this stimulated by human made? This paper presents a critical review about the fate of Hg in the Arctic tundra, such as pathways and process of Hg delivery into the Arctic ecosystem; Hg concentrations in freshwater and marine ecosystems; Hg concentrations in terrestrial biota; trophic transfer of Hg and bioaccumulation of Hg through food chain. This critical review of mercury fates and contamination in the Arctic tundra ecosystem is assessing the impacts and potential risks of Hg contamination on the health of Arctic people and the global northern environment by highlighting and “perspectiving” the various mercury processes and concentrations found in the Arctic tundra.     

改革建筑学专业的建筑技术课之浅见——以“建筑设备”教改为例

高校建筑学专业的建筑技术课程教学存在很多争论。首先,谁是教授这类课程的最佳人选——建筑师还是工程师？其次,教学内容应该偏重于专业技术理论还是与建筑设计相关的实践知识？最后,如何将建筑技术理论与建筑实践有机结合起来？什么样的教学方法才能将学生所学到的建筑技术知识融会贯通应用到自己的建筑设计过程中？论文以南京大学建筑与城市规划学院建筑学专业本科三年级‘建筑设备’课程教学改革为例,分析教学中所遇到的困难与问题,并提出自己的思考与观点,希望以此促进我国建筑技术教学的不断发展。     

The Rise and Fall of Eastside Community Investments,Inc.: The Life of an Extraordinary Community Development Corporation

Abstract: This article presents a case study of the rise and fall of Eastside Community Investments (ECI) of Indianapolis, Indiana—one of the largest, best known, and highly regarded community development corporations in the United States. It addresses three basic research questions: 1) How did ECI become so successful so fast? 2) What caused ECI's financial collapse? and 3) What are the implications of the ECI failure for municipal, state and federal governments who have grown increasingly dependent on community‐based organizations to deliver basic human services, while fostering economic and community development? Answers to these questions have important implications for non‐profit CDCs, governments and philanthropic organizations that fund CDCs, and researchers in public and nonprofit finance and management.     

Devolution and State Planning Systems in Australia

This paper explores Australia's multi-level system of governance and considers its implications for urban and regional policy. The paper addresses four main questions about Australian urban governance. In what ways can Australia's federal system of urban governance be contrasted with models in other developed countries? How have shifts in recent decades within Australia's federal system affected urban governance? What have been the main characteristics of change within Australia's state/territory planning systems in recent decades, and to what extent have these affected multi-level governance of space? Finally, what lessons about the strengths and weaknesses of a federal system of urban governance can be drawn from the Australian experience?     

How to tackle extreme deprivation and socio-spatial segregation? Policy efforts and their results in Hungary

Twenty years after the collapse of socialism it is justified to make a stock about the results of the new political and economic system. This paper deals only with a small—but important—aspect: the situation of the most deprived social groups and most segregated areas. How did the magnitude of these groups and areas change? Did their absolute and relative position improve or just the opposite? What effect had the market processes, the national and local level public policies and are there any changes due to the EU accession? The paper starts with a short overview about the last two decades. A short theoretical chapter deals with the interpretation of deprivation and segregation, showing the specialities of the post-socialist countries. This is followed by a short overview of western policies and debates. The main focus is on the analysis of Hungarian policy efforts and their real results. Finally, the impact of the Structural Funds is analysed with some suggestions for changes that potentially could lead to more effective policies.     

PLACING “ASIA” AGAINST THE “WEST”: OCCIDENTALISM AND THE PRODUCTION OF ARCHITECTURAL IMAGES IN SHANGHAI AND HONG KONG

The paper explores the idea of architecture and Occidentalism in the writings of building journals and illustrated magazines in the early twentieth century. More specifically, it examines how images of architecture, buildings and landscapes of the “West” and the “non-West” were used as key tropes to construct particular imaginaries and moral claims at a specific time and space: republican Shanghai and colonial Hong Kong from the mid-1920s to the late 1930s. Central to these developments was the emergence of new image-making practices that were made available by modern printing technologies, which led to a surge of production and circulation of images in the popular press. As a salient representation of modernity, progress and achievements of “civilizations,” images of architecture came to capture the attention of architects and builders, cultural producers and the fast-growing middle-class reading public in these metropolises. The exploration of these representational practices raises several questions: What kinds of assumptions about the “West” and the “non-West” were associated with these architectural images at this time? What kinds of new knowledge did the authors of these articles seek to produce through their experimentation with new visual and textual strategies? How did these representations relate to and differ from those in the more authoritative architectural historiographies? Finally, if these narrative productions about the West can be seen as processes of Occidentalism, what new historical insights do they offer?     

Turnaround: abandoned villages,from discarded elements of modern Italian society to possible resources

ABSTRACT

Abandoned villages can be considered both as discarded elements of modern society and as sources of identity. This paper considers this attribute as an added local resource, which can trigger processes of regeneration and local development with positive impacts on economy, environment, landscape and local community. Abandoned villages from the 1900s until the 2000s are diffused throughout the Italian territory, mostly in rural areas. These villages, abandoned due to various unfavourable conditions, represent an extreme outcome of the phenomenon of rural depopulation. Although the ghost village loses its original purpose as human habitat because it is abandoned, it is not really forgotten. Starting from the rediscovery of persistence of rurality in the form of memory, the intent of the paper is to try to answer the following questions: Does the reality of abandoned villages represent a rural resource in itself? What value can be attributed to abandoned villages? Is it possible to imagine new scenarios or roles for abandoned villages?     

LISTENING TO THE CITY: CITIZEN SURVEYS

Policymakers are hard pressed to find out what citizens feel and think about their cities and their urban services and costs. During the last decade there has been much advocacy and some application of the use of citizen surveys to capture the “pulse” of the city. This article describes and analyzes a timely and important ten-year effort in one city to use citizen surveys for urban policymaking. Answers are given to questions such as: When were the surveys started? Who requested them? How are they conducted? What did the citizens say? How have the findings been utilized? What has been the impact upon public policy? What are some of the practices which have contributed to important public policy impact? Should other cities utilize citizen surveys for policymaking?     

Funny Questions and Answers

<正>Questions:1.Which is faster,heat or cold?2.What’s the worst weather for rats and mice?3.What kind of years weigh the least?4.Why is a good students always on the run?5.Where do you find the world’s biggest spider?6.What kind of music do most mountains like best?7.When is the best time to practice long jump?8.What crime is encouraged in baseball?9.What two words have thousands of letters in them?     

以旧换新促进工程机械进入再循环

近年来,我国工程机械行业逐步发展成熟,已逐渐步入后市场时代。代理商群体正在壮大,业务范围也在不断延伸,维修、配件、翻新、二手机和租赁等已成为大部分代理商重要的盈利点。随着市场保有量的快速增长,以旧换新、二手机业务越来     

令人兴奋的INTERMAT 2012

1中国工程机械企业跃上舞台中心在法国巴黎举行的第九届法国国际工程机械、建筑机械、零部件和工程车辆博览会(INTERMAT 2012),展会总面积达超过37万平方米,有来自世界各地的1350家企业参展,参观观众超过20万人次,比INTERMAT 2009增加15.8%。据中国工程机械工业协会信     

Architecture Takes Time

Though condensed between the stages of design and completion, the conventional process of designing a building is time consuming, involving various stakeholders, planning processes and a wide team of consultants and contractors. What happens, though, if the time period of an architect's involvement is expanded? How might a more process-orientated approach shift the role of the architect? Tobias Armborst, Daniel D'Oca and Georgeen Theodore , principals of Interboro Partners in New York, describe how they have developed projects that have sought opportunities in expanding the timescale and remit of traditional practice.     

中国建筑学学制的问题及其改革

建筑学学制问题的本质是什么?中国建筑学学制究竟面临什么问题?以及学制改革的基本原则是什么?本文试图就这3个问题作一简略的分析。     

Head in the Clouds

What differentiates an architect's installation from that of an artist? Are there issues and attitudes particular to the architectural discipline that find form through the medium of the installation? Do these issues help define what an architect is and the nature of our profession? Three projects about elevated walking surfaces are dedicated to these questions.     

营造健康社区：场所、过程与未来的思考

【目的】营造一个健康场所需要什么？循证实践存在哪些潜在的可能性与局限性？【方法】基于对多年来健康场所研究经验的反思,探讨循证实践的潜在可能性。【结果】健康社区可以保护人们免受有害环境的影响,为人们提供健康生活所需的资源,并支持开展促进健康的活动。【结论】营造健康场所不仅是创造能够促进健康的环境特征,而且还涉及营造、维护和使用这类场所的过程,建立持续的合作关系是实现营造健康场所的关键。     

LOCAL TV NEWS,CONTENT, AND THE BOTTOM LINE

ABSTRACT: This study compares the nature of local stories that were presented on television newscasts across 17 television markets in the United States. It is an extension of the localism research that was conducted by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in 2004 and the Local Television News Media Project at the University of Delaware in 2007 and 2009. The focus was on the cost characteristics of the stories that were identified as “local” using the definition adopted by the FCC. I specifically examined those attributes of the stories across the television markets that would affect the cost of presentation to the station—the proverbial bottom line. Those attributes were story type, story placement, story duration, and the presentation mode. What types of stories were covered? What was their duration? Where were they placed in the broadcast? What presentation mechanisms were used to present them to the audience? What were the differences, if any, in these attributes across television markets? What are the implications for public policy and citizenship in local places?     

Permanence and Change

Mark Burry is Professor of Urban Futures at the University of Melbourne. He is renowned internationally for his work employing digital techniques to advance the completion of Antoni Gaudí's Sagrada Família in Barcelona. What happens, though, when architects shift the focus from designing buildings to cities? Donald Bates , Chair of Architectural Design at the University of Melbourne and Director of LAB Architecture Studio, asks Burry this question about scalability and discusses with him further the viability of mass customisation in an urban context.     

人类的风景认知——从边留久、和辻哲郎到法国拉维莱特学派

风景是否一直存在?风景"出现"的标准是什么?法国的地理学家、东方学家边留久(Augustin Bereque)尝试总结了风景出现的7条标准,基于这些标准便能针对某一族群或者某一种文化去相对确切地谈论风景。基于人类学的视角,从人类的存在不同于动物以及石头等物质的存在这一观点出发,讨论人类的存在是和辻哲郎(Watsuji Tetsur?)所谓的"风土性"(f?dosei)存在;围绕拉维莱特学派(La Villette School)阿兰·罗热(Alain Roger)、边留久等学者的研究成果,指出风景不是环境,实际是人类对环境的主观表达;借助边留久的7条标准,可以得出人类对风景的真正认知思考始于4世纪的中国。同时,围绕人类如何建构世界与表达环境(自然),对人类的风景认知整体展开讨论,反思风景园林学科研究。