苹果籽油中脂肪酸及植物甾醇成分分析

采用冷榨法制取苹果籽油,并对制取的苹果籽油进行脂肪酸和植物甾醇成分分析.结果表明:苹果籽油中的主要脂肪酸为亚油酸(48.38％),油酸(38.32％),棕榈酸(7.15％)和硬脂酸1.83％;植物甾醇为β-谷甾醇,豆甾醇和菜油甾醇.苹果籽油中不饱和脂肪酸含量高达86.92％,植物甾醇含量达384.7 mg/100 g,是一种具有开发价值的特种油脂.     

Fatty acid profile, thymoquinone content, oxidative stability, and antioxidant properties of cold-pressed black cumin seed oils

Six different batches of cold-pressed black cumin seed oils (BCSO) were evaluated for their fatty acid profiles, thymoquinone contents, oxidative stability, and antioxidant properties. Linoleic, oleic, and palmitic acids were the major fatty acids in the tested oils. The cold-pressed BCSO samples differed in their oxidative stability measured as the oxidative stability index (OSI). The greatest OSI was about 155 h, and the lowest OSI was proximately 76 h, reflecting a 2-fold difference in their oxidative stability. These BCSO contained significant level of phenolic components with a concentration ranging from 1.02 to 1.40 mg gallic acid equivalents/g oil. In addition, BCSO contained about 3.48-8.73 mg/g thymoquinone and trace amount of dithymoquinone. Electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis showed that cold-pressed BCSO contained natural antioxidants and was able to suppress radical mediated lipid peroxidation in fish oil. The methanol extracts of BCSO could directly react with and quench DPPH radicals, which further confirmed the antioxidant property of these BCSO. The results from the present study suggest that cold-pressed black cumin seed oil may serve as an excellent dietary source of thymoquinone and natural antioxidants.     

苹果籽油脂肪酸及甘油三酯组成分析

采用GC分析溶剂浸提法所得苹果籽油脂肪酸组成,结果表明苹果籽油中主要含有6种脂肪酸,分别为棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、花生一烯酸和亚麻酸,不饱和脂肪酸含量近80%;胰脂酶水解甘油三酯表明苹果籽油sn–2位脂肪酸以油酸、亚油酸为主,含量占90%以上;RP–HPLC–ELSD分析了苹果籽油的甘油三酯组成,主要包括11种甘油三酯,其中LLL、OLL、OOL占70%以上,进一步验证了苹果籽油属于油酸―亚油酸型油脂。     

西瓜籽油脂肪酸成分分析及抗氧化活性研究

目的：研究西瓜籽油脂肪酸成分及抗氧化活性。方法：采用索氏回流法对西瓜籽进行提油,对西瓜籽油进行酯化处理,用气相色谱—质谱联机（GC-MS）对其脂肪酸的成分、含量进行分析,通过其对铁离子的还原能力和对DPPH自由基、羟基自由基及超氧阴离子自由基清除能力的测定。结果：西瓜籽油中含有6种脂肪酸,其中不饱和脂肪酸相对含量达到50%以上;西瓜籽油对铁离子具有还原能力,对DPPH自由基的IC₅₀值为3.7 mg/mL,对超氧阴离子自由基的IC₅₀值为0.031 mg/mL,对羟基自由基的IC₅₀值为12.04 mg/mL。结论：西瓜籽油富含不饱和脂肪酸,有较好的抗氧化活性。     

Fatty acid profile and sensory characteristics of table eggs from laying hens fed hempseed and hempseed oil

Hempseed (HS) is rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, with approximately 17% of total fatty acids as alpha-linolenic acid. As such, HS and its oil may be used in hen diet formulations to produce eggs enriched in essential fatty acids. Because omega-3 eggs have the potential for unpleasant aromas and flavors, the current study was designed to assess the fatty acid profile and sensory attributes of eggs procured from hens consuming diets containing hempseed oil (HO) or HS. A total of 48 individually caged White Bovan hens received 1 of 6 diets containing 4%, 8%, 12% HO, 10%, 20% HS or 0% hemp (w/w) for 12 wk. Total omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content was highest in the 12% HO group (15.3 mg/g of yolk) compared to the control (2.4 mg/g of yolk). Trained panellists (n= 8) found no significant differences (P≥ 0.05) in aroma or flavor between cooked eggs from different dietary treatments, with the exception of sweet flavor. The 4% HO group yielded the least sweet eggs compared to the 20% HS group, which was highest. For yolk color, L*, a*, and b* values (Mean ± SEM) for control eggs were 61.2 ± 0.10, 1.1 ± 0.05, and 43.0 ± 0.22, respectively. Addition of hemp led to significant (P < 0.001) reductions in L*, and significant increases in a* and b*, with the largest changes observed in the 20% HS treatment (L*= 58.7 ± 0.10; a*= 5.8 ± 0.05; b*= 60.5 ± 0.22). The results show that hemp use in hen diets leads to increased omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content and color intensity of egg yolks, but does not have adverse effects on the sensory profiles of the cooked eggs. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study provides evidence that HS and hempseed oil (HO) can safely be utilized as feed ingredients for laying hens to produce table eggs that are enriched in essential fatty acids. Additionally, the eggs procured from these hens had similar aroma and flavor compared to eggs from hens not fed any hemp. The greater the dietary hemp inclusion, the more pigmented the resulting yolks became in terms of darkness, redness, and yellowness.     

Heating effects on some quality characteristics of date seed oil

Effects of heating on some quality characteristics of date seed oil from two cultivars (Deglet Nour and Allig) has been investigated using an accelerated test in a Rancimat system. Fatty acid, viscosity, absorptivity at 232 and 270 nm, colour and total melting enthalpy of Deglet Nour seed oil were less changed compared to that of Allig seed oil, because the former contained a higher amount of total phenolic compounds (526 μg/g against 215 μg/g) and a lower content of unsaturated fatty acids. Viscosity and absorptivity at 232 nm and at 270 nm increased rapidly after reaching the oxidation induction time. Differential scanning calorimetry melting profiles of date seed oils were also changed after heating in the Rancimat. Melting enthalpies seemed to be constant during the initial stages of Rancimat treatment and then reduced after the induction time was reached. The obtained data shows that date seed oils were resistant to thermal treatment during a long period (∼30–40 h). This may indicate that they could bear thermal treatments that could be applied in refining procedures or in culinary treatments such as frying and cooking conditions. We could also expect that they may have a good shelf life.     

Potential effects of ultrafiltration process and date powder on textural,sensory, bacterial viability,antioxidant properties and phenolic profile of dromedary Greek yogurt

The aim of this study was to improve textural and antioxidant capacity of dromedary yogurt using ultrafiltration process and date powder. Ultrafiltration increased total solids content of dromedary milk within the range considered optimal to develop yogurt. Texture profile of Greek yogurt fortified with date powder (GYD) improved considerably compared to control. Sample of GYD are more appealing to consumer than control. LC-ESI-MS analysis of GYD extracts allowed the identification of fifteen phenolic compounds, among which quinic acid and cirsiliol were found to be the major phenolic acid and flavonol, respectively. GYD exhibited the highest DPPH•-radical scavenging activity, Fe²⁺ chelating capacity and Fe³⁺ reducing power. The follow-up of physical and microbiological stability of GYD and control during cold storage showed that date powder significantly increased bacterial counts and decreased syneresis. Therefore, ultrafiltration and date powder could be valued as effective tool to solve the poor consistency of dromedary milk products.     

桃仁油中脂肪酸的GC—MS分析

采用索氏提取法提取桃仁中油脂,取样2.50 g提取5 h,其得油率为65.25%.对桃仁油中脂肪酸进行甲酯化处理后用GC-MS联用仪进行定性分析,用气相色谱仪对其脂肪酸进行定量分析.结果表明,桃仁油中含有4种脂肪酸,主要包括棕榈酸6.20%,硬脂酸1.91%,油酸74.53%,亚油酸17.91%,其中饱和脂肪酸含量仅为8.11%,不饱和脂肪酸含量高达92.44%.     

沙棘果油与沙棘籽油脂肪酸组成及其抗氧化活性

采用气相色谱技术分析了沙棘果油与沙棘籽油的脂肪酸组成,并利用清除1,1-二苯基-2-苦肼基自由基(DPPH·)法与羟自由基(·OH)法评价了沙棘果油和沙棘籽油的抗氧化活性。结果表明:沙棘果油主要含棕榈油酸(35.945%)、棕榈酸(34.108%)、油酸(18.357%)和亚油酸(6.198%),不饱和脂肪酸含量为62.501%;沙棘籽油主要含亚油酸(38.958%)、亚麻酸(29.327%)、油酸(20.859%)和棕榈酸(7.659%),不饱和脂肪酸含量为89.965%;沙棘果油、沙棘籽油和BHT清除DPPH·的IC50分别为25.68、17.29μg/mL和27.61μg/mL;清除·OH的IC50分别为29.32、25.48μg/mL和33.60μg/mL;表明沙棘籽油与沙棘果油均具有较强的抗氧化活性,且沙棘籽油的抗氧化活性强于沙棘果油。     

8种萝卜籽油的组成与抗氧化活性

用二氯甲烷作提取剂提取了富含异硫氰酸盐的萝卜籽油,并分析了其脂肪酸组成、莱菔素( sulforaphene)含量及抗氧化性能.结果表明:8种萝卜籽油得率为34.65％～37.91％;8种萝卜籽油中含有多种脂肪酸,其中芥酸含量最高,为29.45％～35.01％,其次是油酸(21.99％～29.59％)、亚油酸(9.53％～13.63％)和二十碳一烯酸(8.88％～10.52％),再次是α-亚麻酸、棕榈酸,含量分别为5.30％ ～8.35％、5.37％ ～5.92％,不饱和脂肪酸含量达88.08％ ～89.73％;8种萝卜籽油含有28.39 ～114.73 mg/kg的sulforaphene,其中白玉春的含量最高,春萝卜籽油比秋萝卜籽油含量相对高.FRAP法抗氧化测定中,盛丰白萝卜籽油的活性最高.     

Fatty acids profile of oil from nine varieties of Macadamia nut

The fatty acids profile and lipids content of the Macadamia integrifolia and Macadamia tetraphylla varieties and interspecies hybrids, M. integrifolia and M. tetraphylla were analyzed. Total lipids content ranged from 70.9 to 79.7 g of oil per 100 g^?1 dry-solids. Gas chromatography/mass spectrophotometry identified 20 fatty acids, the most abundant of which were oleic acid (40 to 51%), palmitoleic acid (24 to 36%), and palmitic acid (8.4 to 13.1%). Fatty acids concentration differed between varieties and hybrids (Multivariate analysis of variance, F = 13.89, p < 0.0001). A ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids:saturated fatty acid values ranged from 2.8 to 4.6. The Huatusco variety (M. integrifolia and M. tetraphylla) exhibited the highest percentage of lipids (79.7 g of oil per 100 g^?1 DS) and the highest monounsaturated fatty acids:saturated fatty acid (4.6), thus highlighted its potential applications within the food industry. The Cate variety (M. integrifolia and M. tetraphylla) had the lowest monounsaturated fatty acids:saturated fatty acid, suggesting potential uses in the cosmetics industry.     

茶叶籽油与油茶籽油理化性质及脂肪酸组成比较

在对茶叶籽及油茶籽的外观、含仁率、含油率等进行测定的基础上,对茶叶籽油及油茶籽油的理化性质及脂肪酸组成进行了分析。结果表明,茶叶籽及油茶籽外观相差较大,茶叶籽油与油茶籽油在折光指数、酸值、碘值和皂化值等理化性质上较接近。脂肪酸组成上,油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸为茶叶籽油及油茶籽油中含量最多的三种脂肪酸,油酸含量分别为52.13%和73.67%,亚油酸24.32%和11.09%,棕榈酸17.36%和10.63%。茶叶籽油和油茶籽油的单不饱和脂肪酸含量分别为54.12%和75.78%,多不饱和脂肪酸含量为24.55%和11.39%。茶叶籽含油率为19.88%,茶叶籽油潜在年产量可达15余万t。其必需脂肪酸含量是油茶籽油的2.15倍;不皂化物含量为0.77%,比油茶籽油高出22%;茶叶籽油脂肪酸比例均衡,适于人体的吸收,具有开发应用的潜力。     

Effect of flaxseed oil fortified with vitamin e and phytosterols on antioxidant defense capacities and lipids profile in rats

The main proposal of this study was to evaluate in vivo whether flaxseed oils fortified with micronutrients would have beneficial effects on lipid profile and antioxidant status in high-fat fed rats. Male Wistar rats were fed synthetic diets containing 10% of flaxseed oil (FO), phytosterols (PS) fortified FO (PS-FO), vitamin E (V(E) ) fortified FO (V(E) -FO), V(E) , and PS fortified FO (V(E) -PS-FO), respectively, for 4 wk. The results showed that V(E) fortified FO enhanced the enzymatic (SOD and GPX) and nonenzymatic (GSH and V(E)) antioxidant system, lowered the lipid peroxide (TBARS) concentration compared with FO (P < 0.05). And FO fortified with PS significantly reduced the plasma TG, TC and LDL-C levels, and hepatic TG and TC levels of rats compared with FO (P < 0.05), but had no significant effect on antioxidant defense capacities. Combined addition of V(E) and PS in FO had a synergetic effect. These results indicated that flaxseed oils fortified micronutrients V(E) and PS may contribute to reduce the risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) by improving plasma antioxidant defenses and lipids profiles. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Flaxseed oil usually contains greater than 50% of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and is a desire origin for n-3 PUFA. But consuming high dose of n-3 PUFA could lead to oxidative damage through free radical-chain reaction in cellular and subcellular membranes. Our studies showed that a regular intake of V(E) and PS fortified flaxseed oils increased antioxidant defenses and ameliorated lipids profile in high-fat fed rats, and these indicated that the flaxseed oil fortified with these micronutrients might reduce the incidence of CVD.     

猫屎瓜籽油脂肪酸组成及理化性质分析

采用冷榨法提取猫屎瓜籽油,用气相色谱法分析油中脂肪酸组成,根据相关的国家标准对油的理化性质进行了测定.结果表明,冷榨所得到的猫屎瓜籽油为淡黄色,清亮透明,有淡淡的清香味.猫屎瓜籽油主要脂肪酸成分为单不饱和脂肪酸棕榈油酸,含量为49.9%,占油中脂肪酸成分的一半.其余成分为:肉豆蔻酸0.2%,棕榈酸9.7%,硬脂酸1.7%,油酸27.5%,亚油酸10.1%,亚麻酸0.8%.此外,该油的酸值(KOH)、碘值(I)、过氧化值分别为3.1 mg/g、97 g/100 g和3.9 mmol/kg.     

Physicochemical characteristics of soybean oil, palm kernel olein, and their binary blends

Soybean oil (SBO), palm kernel olein (PKO) and their binary blends (containing 5–40% PKO) were studied for their physicochemical characteristics. Decreases in band absorbencies of the resultant Fourier transform infrared spectra were observed in regions attributable to vibrations of the functional groups of unsaturated fatty acids, mainly the =C–H cis stretching at 3009 cm⁻¹and –C=C cis stretching at 1657 cm⁻¹. The solid fat content was measurable in the blends containing 15–40% PKO at 5 and 10 °C, ranging within 4–20% and 2–13%, respectively. The differential scanning calorimetry melting curve for SBO exhibited more complex transition peaks, suggesting a     polymorphic transformation when compared with PKO with a simpler     . Blending of SBO with PKO reduced the complexity caused by the polymorphic transformation, featuring the endotherms that only related to the β' fat crystals.     

盾叶木籽油的理化性质、热特性及抗氧化性能

旨在为盾叶木籽油的进一步开发利用提供参考,采用索氏提取法提取带壳和不带壳盾叶木籽中油脂,测定带壳盾叶木籽油（HMGO）和不带壳盾叶木籽油（NMGO）的理化指标、总多酚含量、脂肪酸组成、热特性和抗氧化活性,比较两种盾叶木籽油的性质差异。结果表明：带壳盾叶木籽含油率略低于不带壳的,NMGO的酸值、过氧化值、总多酚及不皂化物含量低于HMGO的,而其皂化值高于HMGO的;HMGO 和 NMGO分别检出21种和20种脂肪酸,其中神经酸含量最高（NMGO43.00%和HMGO 41.10%）,其次是芥酸（NMGO 30.20%和HMGO 28.80%）;HMGO低温结晶在-4.19 ℃处熔融,快速热解温度在355~441 ℃,NMGO低温结晶在-3.68 ℃处熔融,快速热解温度在363~440 ℃,两种盾叶木籽油均在407 ℃质量损失速率达到最大值;盾叶木籽油对DPPH自由基及ABTS自由基均具有不同程度的清除作用,清除能力随着其浓度的升高而增大,且HMGO较NMGO对DPPH自由基及ABTS自由基清除能力强。综上,盾叶木籽油可作为神经酸和芥酸的来源资源进行开发利用。     

葡萄籽油的脂肪酸组成、抗氧化活性及其在可食性口红中的应用

以葡萄籽为原料,采用索氏提取法提取葡萄籽油,对其脂肪酸组成及抗氧化活性进行分析,并考察其应用于可食性口红中的可行性。结果表明:葡萄籽油中主要不饱和脂肪酸含量高达76.26%,且以亚油酸(61.69%)为主;葡萄籽油的总抗氧化能力为0.735 mmo/L,羟自由基清除能力为56.49%,超氧自由基清除能力为57.60%;葡萄籽油与甜杏仁油比例为1∶1时,制备的可食性口红清爽、滋润,品质佳,稠度与延展性与市售口红无显著差异,说明葡萄籽油可用于口红产品中。