二氧化钌/活性炭复合电极材料的性能研究

用sol-gel法制备了水合二氧化钌,进而制备了二氧化钌/活性炭复合电极,并对各种不同配比的复合电极的电化学性能和物理性能进行了实验研究。引入参数Cp,RuO2·xH2O,解释复合电极的电容特性,更好地考察了水合钌氧化物的利用率。结果表明,在二氧化钌中加入适量的活性炭,可以改善电极材料的阻抗特性,但将以降低电容量为代价,当二氧化钌含量为60%(质量分数)时,复合电极的比容量为567F/g,内阻为0.4331Ω,是一种理想的超级电容器电极材料。     

氧化钌及其复合电极的制备与性能

在三氯化钌(RuCl3)水溶液中,采用循环伏安法在铜电极表面电沉积氧化钌(RuO2)作为超级电容器电极材料。为了提高材料的电化学性能,在电沉积液中引入了氧化石墨烯(GO)水溶液,制备出RuO2/GO复合电极。采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察两种电极的表面形貌,发现氧化钌及其复合电极经60℃干燥处理1 h后,颗粒更均匀且存在明显的多孔特征,电极材料具有良好的表面特性。电化学测试结果表明,扫描速度为0.1 V/s、工作电位窗口为1 V时,两种电极比电容分别为636.5和938 F/m2,功率密度分别为31.83和46.9 W/m2。因此,RuO2/GO复合电极具有较好的电容特性,适合用作超级电容器电极材料。     

氧化钌/活性炭超电容器电极材料电化学特性

介绍一种氧化钌/活性炭复合电极材料的制备方法,并对不同条件下制备的材料的循环伏安特性、交流阻抗特性进行了比较。使用该复合材料组装的模拟电化学超电容器单电极比容量达到359 F/g,远高于普通活性炭材料。与氧化钌电极材料相比,氧化钌/活性炭复合材料的高功率放电特性则有明显的提高。     

多壁碳纳米管/棉织物复合柔性电极的制备

近年来柔性超级电容器在柔性电子设备领域起到越来越重要的作用,其中电活性材料与织物的结合是制备柔性电极的关键。本文针对棉织物进行多壁碳纳米管的高密度堆积性研究,并进行循环伏安曲线测试、充放电测试和交流阻抗测试。研究表明,该复合材料具备电极的应用性质,以及良好的循环稳定性和弯曲性,为进一步制备高电容量的柔性超级电容器打下了基础。     

纳米复合β-Ni(OH)2电极材料的制备与电化学性能

氢氧化镍(Ni(OH)2)是碱性二次电池的正极材料,本文采用化学沉淀法制备了纳米Ni(OH)2超微粉体,XRD检测证实晶型为β相，用TEM对粉体进行形貌分析，结果表明所得产物是颗粒状纳米晶，粒径20nm左右．将纳米Ni(OH)2粉以10％的比例掺杂到常规球镍中制得纳米复合β-Ni(OH)2电极材料，其电化学容量和放电平台较常规球镍有很大提高，大电流放电时，纳米复合β—Ni(OH)2电极材料的电化学容量比常规球镍提高达40．9％。     

基于SWCNT复合硫化镍/氮化镍电极材料的制备及其电化学性能

以单壁碳纳米管(SWCNT)为碳源,氯化镍为金属源,硫脲为氮源和硫源,通过水热和高温热解方法制备N,S-Ni@S@C复合材料,并对复合材料进行物理表征和电化学性能测试。结果表明,SWCNT与硫化镍、氮化镍复合的结构不仅能提高电极材料的电导率,还能提供更多的活性位点供电解质离子插入或脱出,从而显著提高电化学性能。在三电极体系下,N,S-Ni@S@C复合材料具有较高的电压窗口(1.5 V)和优异的充放电能力,在电流密度为1 A·g^-1下,N,S-Ni@S@C的比电容可达162.45 F·g^-1。其比电容与SWCNT相比提高了2.61倍,与SWCNT和氯化镍复合材料(C@Ni)相比提高了19倍,与SWCNT和硫脲复合材料(C@S@N)相比提高了16倍。此外,以N,S-Ni@S@C复合材料为正极,商业活性炭(YP50F)为负极,组装得到非对称型超级电容器(N,S-Ni@S@C//AC)。该非对称型超级电容器在功率密度为818.78 W·kg^-1时,其能量密度可达41.03 W·h·kg^-1,在电流密度为1....     

钴酸镍/多孔碳复合电极材料的制备及其电化学性能研究

以玉米芯碳渣为原材料,通过高温热解法制得多孔碳(PC),并以此为基体,以硝酸镍和硫酸钴为原料,通过水热-煅烧两步法成功制备了NiCo_2O_4/PC复合电极材料。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对该复合材料的形貌和结构进行了表征。在三电极系统中,通过循环伏安和恒电流充放电测试表明NiCo_2O_4/PC复合材料的电容性能较好,在1 A/g的电流密度下,其比电容达到497 F/g。     

原料配比对聚苯胺/氧化石墨烯复合材料储能的影响

以苯胺(ANi)为单体,过硫酸铵(APS)为氧化剂,氧化石墨烯(GO)为模板,调节ANi与GO原料质量比从0.5到100,采用原位聚合法制备了一系列不同组分含量的聚苯胺/氧化石墨烯(PANi/GO)复合材料。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射谱、扫描电镜和循环伏安法对制备复合材料的结构、微观形貌和循环伏安性能进行了研究,着重考察了原料配比对PANi/GO复合材料结构、微观形貌及能量存储的影响。研究表明:ANi单体成功原位聚合在GO表面上;ANi/GO质量比对PANi/GO复合材料的比电容影响明显;随着ANi/GO质量比的增加,所制备复合材料的比电容先增加后减小。当ANi/GO质量比为10、扫描速率为10 m V·s~(–1)时,复合材料的比电容达到最大值162.2 F·g~(–1)。     

石墨烯电极材料的制备及其在双电层电容器中的应用

综述了目前石墨烯基电极材料的最新研究进展,介绍了化学还原法、活化法、热还原法、凝胶法、插入法等制备双电层电容器用石墨烯基电极材料的物理及化学方法,并对其良好的应用前景及今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

Polypyrrole/reduced graphene oxide coated fabric electrodes for supercapacitor application

Flexible and wearable energy storage devices are strongly demanded to power smart textiles. Herein, reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and polypyrrole (PPy) were deposited on cotton fabric via thermal reduction of GO and chemical polymerization of pyrrole to prepare textile-based electrodes for supercapacitor application. The obtained PPy–RGO-fabric retained good flexibility of textile and was highly conductive, with the conductivity of 1.2 S cm⁻¹. The PPy–RGO-fabric supercapacitor showed a specific capacitance of 336 F g⁻¹ and an energy density of 21.1 Wh kg⁻¹ at a current density of 0.6 mA cm⁻². The RGO sheets served as conductor and framework under the PPy layer, which could facilitate electron transfer between RGO and PPy and restrict the swelling and shrinking of PPy, thus resulting in improved electrochemical properties respect to the PPy-fabric device.     

MnO_2/13X分子筛复合材料的制备及电化学电容性能

采用化学沉淀法制备了MnO2/13X分子筛复合材料,并使用XRD对其结构进行了分析。在浓度为1mol·L–1、电位为–0.10～+0.58V的KOH电解液中,应用循环伏安和恒流充放电技术对该复合材料的电化学电容性能进行了研究。结果显示:在制得的MnO2/13X复合材料中,MnO2具有无定形结构。当MnO2质量分数为30%时,在100mA·g–1电流密度下,该复合材料的比电容达到134F·g–1,电化学电容性能良好。     

电沉积法制备PANI/MnO_2/石墨烯复合材料及其电化学性能研究

采用简便的脉冲电沉积方法一步合成了呈现层-层分布的三维立体结构的PANI/MnO_2/石墨烯三元复合材料,利用XRD和FT-IR等研究了复合物的结构和组成,SEM和TEM表征了复合物的形貌。同时,通过恒流充放电和循环伏安测试研究了该复合物的电化学性能。结果表明,0.5 A·g~(–1)电流密度下的比容量可达1 120 F·g~(–1),且1 000次循环的稳定性高达99%。出色的超电容性能主要源于石墨烯作为基体,其上均匀分布棒状结构的PANI,MnO_2纳米粒子均匀分布于PANI纳米棒上,形成了一种分级的特殊结构。     

Effect of characteristic properties of graphene oxide on reduced graphene oxide/Si schottky diodes performance

We investigated the effect of the size of graphene oxide (GO) sheets made with two different types of GO solution on the performance of Si-based solar cells. Large-sized reduced GO (rGO) with an in-plane crystalline diameter of 3.42 nm has smaller defect sites and thus the Si/rGO Schottky junction solar cell shows a lower leakage current than the solar cell with small-sized rGO (i.e. an in-plane crystalline diameter of 3.03 nm). Enhanced open-circuit voltage (V_oc) and improved short-circuit current (J_sc) are observed for the solar cell with large-sized rGO due to the increased work function and Schottky barrier height at the Si and rGO junction. In other words, an increased built-in potential and a wider depletion region of the solar cell with large-sized rGO contribute to the increased carrier absorption and generation. These findings indicate that (i) rGO acts as a good transparent conducting layer and hole-transporting layer, and (ii) the control of rGO size in Si/rGO Schottky junction solar cell is important to improve the performance.     

Preparation and photocatalytic activity of Ag/bamboo-type TiO2 nanotube composite electrodes for methylene blue degradation

Photocatalysis phenomena in TiO₂ have been intensively investigated for its potential application in environmental remediation. The present work reports improved photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye in aqueous solution by using bamboo-type TiO₂ nanotubes deposited with Ag nanoparticles via electrochemical deposition. The photocatalytic processes are performed on Ag-modified TiO₂ bamboo-type nanotube arrays, Ag-modified smooth-walled nanotube arrays, and bare smooth-walled nanotube arrays. Both Ag-modified bamboo-type and smooth-walled nanotube arrays show improved photocatalytic degradation efficiencies (64.4% and 52.6%) compared to smooth-walled TiO₂ nanotubes of the same length (44.4%), due to the enhanced electron–hole seperation and more surface area provided by bamboo ridges. The photocatalytic activity and kinetic behavior of Ag-modified bamboo-type nanotube arrays are also optmized by tuning pulse deposition time of Ag nanoparticles. Bamboo-type nanotubes deposited with Ag nanoparticles via pulse deposition time of 0.5 s/1.5 s shows the highest methylene blue degradation efficiency of 78.5%, which represents 21.9% and 76.8% enhancement of efficiency compared to those of bare bamboo-type and smooth-walled nanotubes, respectively, indicating that a proper amount of Ag nanoparticles on TiO₂ can maximize the photocatalytic processes. In addition, overly long pulse deposition time will not further increase photocatalytic activity due to agglomeration of Ag paticles. For example, when the pulse deposition time is increased to 2 s/6 s, Ag-modified bamboo-type nanotube array exhibits a lower photocatalytic degradation efficiency of 62.9%.     

A highly flexible solid-state supercapacitor based on the carbon nanotube doped graphene oxide/polypyrrole composites with superior electrochemical performances

Flexible electrodes of ternary composites, in which highly conductive carbon nanotube films (CNFs) are coated with carbon nanotube-doped graphene oxide/polypyrrole (CNT-GO/PPy), have been fabricated via facile electrochemical synthesis. Long and short CNTs are separately doped into the composites (lCNT-GO/PPy and sCNT-GO/PPy) and their electrochemical performances are compared. Electrochemical measurements indicate that the doping of CNTs in the composites significantly improves the electrochemical behaviors of the GO/PPy electrodes. Notably, the lCNT-GO/PPy electrodes show superior electrochemical properties with respect to the sCNT-GO/PPy electrodes, which is related to the introduction of abundant CNTs in the former electrodes and their special microstructures. Two symmetric electrodes with the lCNT-GO/PPy composites coated on CNFs are assembled to fabricate a solid-state supercapacitor device, which features lightweight, ultrathinness, and high flexibility. The device achieves a high areal and volumetric specific capacitance of 70.0 mF cm⁻² at 10 mV s⁻¹ and 6.3 F cm⁻³ at 0.043 A cm⁻³, respectively. It also shows superior rate performance and cycle stability, with a capacitance retention rate of 87.7% for 10,000 cycles. The supercapacitor device fabricated is promising for the use in lightweight and flexible integrated electronics.     

二氧化锰/二氧化钛/介孔碳复合材料制备及其电化学性能

采用水热合成法制备了二氧化锰/二氧化钛/介孔碳复合材料,利用该复合材料制备了空气电极。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了复合材料的物相,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了复合材料的表面形貌,采用循环伏安法研究了空气电极的电化学性能。结果表明:在160℃条件下制备的复合材料结晶度更高,循环伏安测试表明空气电极可逆性较好。利用复合材料组装了锂空气电池,对其进行充放电测试,发现锂空气电池首次放电容量最高可达1 331 m Ah/g。     

Infrared response of vanadium oxide (VOx)/SiNx/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite microbolometer

Much attention has been paid to the photoresponse of vanaduim oxide (VO_x) and amorphous silicon based microbolometer for long-wavelength infrared detection under un-cooled operation condition in recent decades. However, the outstanding physical and chemical properties of graphene and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) stimulate their potential for use in light-sensitive applications. Much less attention has been paid to investigate the performance on long-wavelength infrared detection of microbolometer using reduced graphene oxide/SiN_x/vanadium oxide composite films deposited on under room temperature operation. In the research, we have proposed the novel microbolometer based on VO_x/SiN_x/rGO composite films replace the as-deposited VO_x based microbolometer. It is noted that such extraordinary properties (high responsivity: 18,130 V/W and low NETD: 43.32 mK) of the VO_x/SiN_x/rGO composite presented here encourage us to contemplate on this protocol for next generation optoelectronic device engineering for infrared detection.     

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/graphene/carbon nanotube ternary composites with improved thermoelectric performance

Polymer based ternary thermoelectric composites have been studied. Here, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/graphene/carbon nanotube (PEDOT/graphene/CNT) ternary composites are prepared by in situ polymerization and subsequent physical mixing. Then, the morphology is directly observed by scanning electron microscopy. Finally, the thermoelectric performances are measured and discussed, where the effect of acid-treatment is investigated and comparison with those of the neat PEDOT and the binary PEDOT/graphene composite is conducted.     

基于RGO-PEO复合薄膜的QCM湿度传感器研究

通过气喷工艺在石英晶体微天平(QCM)上制备了基于还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)与聚氧化乙烯(PEO)两种材料的复合湿敏薄膜,对环境湿度进行检测。所得纯PEO薄膜及RGO-PEO复合薄膜的表面形貌以及化学特性分别通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)以及紫外-可见光谱进行表征。与基于纯PEO薄膜的湿度传感器相比,基于RGO-PEO复合湿敏薄膜的湿度传感器的动态响应大大提高,其灵敏度从16.3Hz/%RH提升到34.7Hz/%RH。此外,基于复合薄膜的湿度传感器拥有更快的响应/恢复时间,达到传感器吸附/脱附时总频移的63.2%所用时间分别为3s和4 s,而纯PEO薄膜为10 s和12 s;湿滞为1.21%RH,且有较好的长期稳定性。这项研究揭示了基于RGO-PEO复合薄膜的QCM湿度传感器在常温下检测环境湿度的发展潜力。