硬硅钙石水热合成的形成历程及硝酸锶对它的影响

利用XRD，SEM，TEM等方法对动态水热法合成硬硅钙石的形成历程进行了研究，由C-S-H凝胶不能在高于200℃温度下稳定存在，使硬硅钙石在180℃和220℃时的形成历程不同，配料中加入硝酸锶，提高料浆的离子强度，产生原盐效应，降低了C-S-H凝胶的生成速率，延缓了硬硅钙石的形成，硬硅钙石合成过程中的料浆中固体粒子的ζ电位是不断变化的，加入硝酸锶，可以降低料浆固体粒子ζ电位的绝对值，有利于硬硅钙石纤维状晶体以及团聚体的长大。     

水热合成硅酸钙微孔球形颗粒

动态水热合成生成的硅酸钙微孔球形颗粒的空隙率可高达90%以上,颗粒由无数纤维状硬硅钙石晶体构成.讨论了合成工艺参数对形成球形颗粒的影响.反应物中SiO2 和CaO的比例需保持1∶1,否则反应最终产物中可能出现其它硅酸钙矿物.搅拌对形成球形颗粒起着决定性作用,在搅拌作用下C-S-H凝胶表面受到切向剪切力矩的作用,片状的凝胶被卷成为球形颗粒.在水热合成过程中加入矿化剂能够降低凝胶粒子ζ的绝对值,促进C-S-H凝胶形成大的团聚体,矿化剂的存在提高了由C-S-H凝胶团聚生成硬硅钙石的温度,从而保证C-S-H凝胶团聚有充足的时间形成大的球形团聚体.     

超轻微孔硅酸钙绝热材料的显微结构和工艺控制

超轻硅钙绝热材料的固相含量只占整个体积的５％以下，要使如此之少的固相充满全部体积，并成为具有相当强度的刚性体积的材料必须具有纤维状的显微结构。超轻硅酸钙材料实际上是由硬硅钙石纤维状晶体组成的多孔球状团聚体构成。整个材料的气孔率达９５％以上，气孔半径呈多重分布。球状团聚体越大材料越轻。为获得理想的显微结构，需要设计合理的硬硅钙石合成工艺和压滤成型工艺。合成工艺参数包括原料的配比，水热合成反应的温度、     

石灰活性对中空硬硅钙石二次粒子球形貌的影响

研究了石灰CaO晶粒尺寸和消解速度对合成中空硬硅钙石二次粒子球的影响。CaO对晶粒尺寸小，石灰消解速度快。CaO晶粒对合成硬硅钙石晶体没有影响，但影响硬硅钙石二次粒子球的形貌。CaO晶粒尺寸小能形成中空二次粒子球，球尺寸随CaO晶粒尺寸增大有所增大。CaO晶粒一旦烧结变粗则形成的是硬硅钙石堆积团。     

用稻壳灰水热合成硬硅钙石的研究

研究了用稻壳灰作硅质材料水热合成硬硅钙石。结果表明，在合理选择钙硅比、水固比、搅拌时间，反应时间、反应温度等水热合成条件的情况下，稻壳灰中的ＳｉＯ２能够与Ｃａ（ＯＨ）２反应生成硬硅钙石晶体，并且这种纤维状的晶体还能相互交织成二次球形粒子。     

蒸压DSP浆体的反应产物研究

将以白水泥和硅灰制成的DSP水泥浆体于120℃、183℃、240℃下蒸压。用X射线粉末衍射法、固体核磁共振和扫描电子显微镜检验反应产物。研究了C/S、蒸压温度、蒸压时间对反应的影响。在较低温度下,主要水化产物为结晶差的C-S-H凝胶,随蒸压温度升高,可检测到硬硅钙石、托勃莫来石、自钙沸石、含水斜方硅钙石和含水8CaO·5SiO_1等晶体。初始混合物的C/S在1.3和1.1之间,水化产物有明显变化。实验表明,~(29)Si核磁共振是研究硅酸盐聚合度的有效方法。     

超声改性电石渣水热合成硬硅钙石晶体的初步研究

利用动态水热合成工艺,用超声技术改性电石渣作钙质原料合成了硬硅钙石晶体。采用XRD和SEM对合成产物的矿物组成和微观形貌进行了分析与表征。结果表明,超声改性后的电石渣可以制备出纯度较高的,具有球形结构的硬硅钙石。研究表明,超声改性电石渣使得电石渣预处理工艺简单,且为电石渣二次回收利用提供了一条有效的途径。     

硬硅钙石的合成及陶瓷纤维加入量对其耐压强度的影响

为提高硬硅钙石制品的耐压强度,首先将预处理后的石英粉、消化后的Ca O、添加剂、去离子水(按水、固质量比为30量取)置于磁力搅拌高压釜中,在220℃分别保温0、1、3和6 h后得到相应产物,探究硬硅钙石的合成;然后,在制得的硬硅钙石粉体中分别加入0、5%、10%、15%和20%(w)的预处理陶瓷短纤维,经压滤成型和烘干后,于1 000℃保温2 h烧成,研究陶瓷纤维加入量对硬硅钙石试样烧成前后耐压强度的影响。结果表明:在硬硅钙石的合成过程中,首先生成C-S-H凝胶,然后C-S-H凝胶转化形成托贝莫来石,最终托贝莫来石完全反应生成了硬硅钙石;陶瓷纤维的引入提高了硬硅钙石试样烧成前后的耐压强度,当加入15%(w)陶瓷纤维时,耐压强度最大;1 000℃烧成前后试样中的物相分别是硬硅钙石相和硅酸钙相,烧成后试样的耐压强度比生坯试样的大。     

利用电石渣制备硬硅钙石

利用动态水热合成工艺,首次采用电石渣作钙质原料合成了硬硅钙石。探讨了原料、电石渣处理方法和水热合成工艺参数等因素对合成硬硅钙石晶体结构和微观形貌的影响,并采用XRD和SEM对其结构和形貌进行了分析及表征。结果表明,煅烧后的电石渣可以制备出纯度较高且结晶良好的硬硅钙石;电石渣处理方法对合成硬硅钙石晶体及其二次粒子形貌有很大的影响;煅烧后的电石渣与分析纯CaO作钙质原料制备硬硅钙石的水热合成工艺参数基本一致。     

硅酸钾碱液水热合成针状硅灰石反应历程

利用钾长石–KOH–H_2O体系分解反应所得硅酸钾碱液合成针状硬硅钙石,用作合成硅灰石的前驱体。采用OLI Analyzer 9.2软件模拟K2O–CaO–SiO_2–H_2O体系化学平衡,预测了合成硬硅钙石的初始CaO/SiO_2摩尔比、反应温度和液固比范围。在此基础上通过单因素实验,确定了合成硬硅钙石的优化条件。反应历程为:水合硅酸钙→雪硅钙石→雪硅钙石+硬硅钙石→硬硅钙石。合成的硅灰石保持了硬硅钙石的针状形貌,分散较均匀,长约10~15μm,直径约300 nm,长径比约40,符合建材行业一级品标准。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。