机床结构动态性能改进的新思路及其应用

采取一种新方法,即通过观察分析整机的模态动画来确定单个部件在结构设计上的不足并作出相应改进.将综合各项改进措施改进后的整机性能与改进前的进行对比,结果表明:改进之后机床静态性能平均提升40%～50%;动态性能平均提升20%～30%,说明该改进方法是有效的.     

双机架可逆冷轧机轧制力模型的改进

分析了济钢双机架可逆冷轧机(CCM)轧制力模型及其影响因素.在原有模型基础上,对相关参数尤其是摩擦系数模型和屈服强度的适应性进行了改进.通过推导与现场实际结合,对改进前后的轧制力模型进行了对比分析.结果显示,改进后模型轧制力差比值比改进前模型小6%.     

制芯机三乙胺气体发生器的改进

阐述了三乙胺冷芯盒制芯工艺的过程、冷芯盒射芯机气体发生器的基本工作原理,介绍了对其进行的改进工作.改进后的三乙胺气体发生器一个工作循环有3个阶段:低压吹胺,高压吹胺,清空;生产实践显示:改进后砂芯的成品率由原来的60%～70%提高到98%以上,有效提高了三乙胺的利用率,不但防止其泄露,还降低了生产成本.     

早期储能点焊机的改进

目前,许多工矿企业仍然使用60～80年代生产的电容储能点焊机,这种点焊机耗能较高,操作也不方便.本文以DP-72型点焊机为例介绍了改进措施.改进后,各项性能不变,但耗能降低了20%～30%,充电变压器的体积减少了,节省了矽钢片和漆包线.改进前后的DP～72型点焊机的原理见图1.     

基于改进YOLOv5算法的纸袋缺陷检测

为了提高纸袋生产企业在制造过程中对纸袋手把或底部缺陷的检测精度,提出了一种基于改进YOLOv5算法的纸袋缺陷检测方法。改进算法为了提高网络定位能力,增强网络的特征学习表达能力,引入了坐标注意力机制,接着引入EIoU损失函数对原始损失函数进行改进,以此来改善原始网络损失函数纵横比的合理性,提升回归精度,最后引入一种具有类似跨阶段局部结构的简化空间金字塔池化结构,减少冗余信息处理,提升网络检测性能。实验结果表明,改进算法的平均精度平均值mAP@.5为87.3%,mAP@.5∶.95为56.8%,与YOLOv5算法相比mAP@.5提升了1.6%,mAP@.5∶.95提升了0.9%,在纸袋缺陷检测上有更优越的表现。     

薄壁钢管超声波探伤设备的改进

本文介绍了上钢五厂将原有的薄壁钢管超声波单探头探伤机组改进为组合式探头的情况.改进后探头的调整时间缩短到不足半小时,探伤精度在原有的基础上提高50%,设备的探伤能力提高71%,满足了生产要求.     

铸钢大型履带板冒口设计及退火工艺的改进

分析大型履带板裂纹缺陷产生的原因.通过改进冒口设计,热割冒口工艺以及预备热处理工艺,消除大型履带板裂纹缺陷,合格率由60%提高到96%,使单件成本下降20%.     

标致汽车铝轮缺陷防止方法

对某铝轮有限公司生产的标致汽车铝轮所产生的裂纹、疏松、气孔等的原因作了分析.通过改进铸件结构、铸型、合金和工艺、涂料后,该产品的合格率从40%左右提高到87%～90%.     

基于流场的外啮合齿轮泵径向力计算

针对某型外啮合齿轮泵噪声大、轴承磨损严重等问题,基于三维设计和流场仿真软件对卸荷槽进行了改进设计,直接求解出了困油容积及其压力变化和旋转过程中齿轮泵内部流场,通过对齿轮表面流场压力进行积分获得了卸荷槽改进前后齿轮泵径向力的变化规律.结果表明:改进卸荷槽后齿轮泵径向力最大值和平均值分别降为原齿轮泵的51%和76.5%,困油现象加剧径向力主要表现在两齿轮中心线方向的分力上.文中研究内容亦为齿轮泵优化设计提供了一种数值计算方法.     

GH99合金TIG焊接接头拉伸性能的人工神经网络预测

利用Matlab7.0软件建立了用于预测GH99高温合金焊接接头拉伸性能的改进算法的多层BP神经网络.以焊接电流、焊接速度、脉冲频率、重熔次数、板厚、装配间隙、坡口与连接形式作为输入参数,抗拉强度、屈服强度和断后伸长率分别作为输出值.结果表明,改进算法的多层BP神经网络能够很好的预测GH99高温合金TIG焊接接头的拉伸性能,抗拉强度、屈服强度与断后伸长率预报值与试验值的平均相对误差分别为-0.76%,1.71%和2.30%.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。