先驱体浸渍-裂解法制备SiBN纤维增强SiBN陶瓷基复合材料

连续纤维增强氮化物陶瓷基复合材料是耐高温透波材料的主要发展方向,纤维是目前制约耐高温透波复合材料发展的关键,而SiBN陶瓷纤维是一种兼具耐高温、透波、承载的新型陶瓷纤维。以聚硅氮烷为陶瓷先驱体,以SiBN连续陶瓷纤维为增强体,采用先驱体浸渍-裂解法制备了SiBN陶瓷纤维增强SiBN陶瓷基复合材料,研究了复合材料的热膨胀特性、力学性能、断裂模式以及微观结构。结果表明:SiBN陶瓷纤维增强SiBN陶瓷基复合材料呈现明显的脆性断裂特征,复合材料的弯曲强度和拉伸强度分别为88.52 MPa和6.6 MPa,纤维的力学性能仍有待于提高。     

C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料螺栓连接件的振动响应特性及防松性能

通过对C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料螺栓连接件的模态进行计算和试验分析,确定了其模态参数和振动响应特性;然后通过对C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料螺栓连接件进行正弦扫频振动试验,研究了拧紧力矩对螺栓连接件振动性能的影响规律;最后研究了液态聚硼硅氮烷（L-PBSZ）对C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料螺栓连接件防松性能的影响。研究结果表明：一阶和三阶固有计算模态频率与试验模态频率一致,因此可以采用有限元分析方法对C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料螺栓连接件进行振动响应特性分析;采用正弦扫频振动频谱信号差值曲线分析方法可以检测螺栓连接件是否松动;SEM观察表明,L-PBSZ改性的C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料螺栓连接件的螺纹副间形成陶瓷填充体,使得螺纹与螺母间有效摩擦系数和有效摩擦面积增加,因此螺母松脱退出的力矩增大,提高了C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料螺栓连接件的防松可靠性能。     

Z-pin增强陶瓷基复合材料拉伸和层间剪切性能

研究了Z-pin横向增强平纹编织陶瓷基复合材料的拉伸和层间剪切性能。炭纤维平纹编织物和炭纤维Z-pin制备的预成型体, 通过化学气相渗透(CVI)工艺制成Z-pin增强平纹编织陶瓷基复合材料。通过单轴拉伸试验及加-卸载试验研究材料拉伸力学性能参数及破坏规律。采用双切口压缩试验测试材料的层间剪切强度。结果表明, Z-pin增强平纹编织陶瓷基复合材料拉伸应力-应变曲线具有非线性特性; Z-pin嵌入降低了平纹编织陶瓷基复合材料的拉伸强度, 显著提高了陶瓷基复合材料层间剪切强度, 使原来单纯层间基体与织物表面的脱离转变为Z-pin的剪切破坏和层间基体与织物的脱离双重破坏机理。     

Carbon Nanotube Pullout,Interfacial Properties,and Toughening in Ceramic Nanocomposites: Mechanistic Insights from Single Fiber Pullout Analysis

While debonding and subsequent pullout at fiber‐matrix interfaces can improve fracture toughness in ceramic nanocomposites, the magnitudes of these contributions are currently the subject of ongoing debate. To provide quantitative insight into these mechanisms, ceramic matrix nanocomposites were fabricated with a polymer‐derived ceramic matrix, using multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) that exhibit relatively long pullout lengths. In situ micromechanical pullout tests on individual MWCNTs were used to directly measure the strength of the fiber‐matrix interface. Similar pullout lengths were also observed in bulk and thin film composites, where the fracture toughness of the composite films was measured and found to be higher than that of the matrix material. The interfacial properties from the micromechanical test and the pullout lengths from the composite films were then used to estimate the energy release rates for fiber debonding and pullout. Based on the observed MWCNT and composite failure mechanisms, these results are discussed in terms of their relation to previous estimates of toughening in MWCNT‐ceramic nanocomposites, and in terms of design possibilities for further fracture toughness improvements.     

界面脱粘对正交铺设SiC/CAS复合材料基体开裂的影响

采用细观力学方法研究了正交铺设SiC/CAS复合材料在单轴拉伸载荷作用下界面脱粘对基体开裂的影响。采用断裂力学界面脱粘准则确定了0°铺层纤维/基体界面脱粘长度, 结合能量平衡法得到了主裂纹且纤维/基体界面发生脱粘(即模式3)和次裂纹且纤维/基体界面发生脱粘(即模式5)的临界开裂应力, 讨论了纤维/基体界面剪应力、 界面脱粘能对基体开裂应力的影响。结果表明, 模式3和模式5的基体开裂应力随纤维/基体界面剪应力、 界面脱粘能的增加而增加。将这一结果与Chiang考虑界面脱粘对单向纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料初始基体开裂影响的试验研究结果进行对比表明, 该变化趋势与单向SiC增强玻璃陶瓷基复合材料的试验研究结果一致。     

陶瓷基复合材料的研究进展

本文对陶瓷基复合材料的发展和研究情况进行综述分析。主要内容有:陶瓷基复合材料的发展和应用前景;纤维材料,多种陶瓷基体材料的韧化研究;陶瓷基复合材料的制备加工技术;陶瓷增韧的力学机理和材料结构性能的研究情况。最后还就陶瓷基复合材料的进一步发展提出一些粗浅的看法。      

聚硅烷陶瓷先驱体研究进展

具有σ-共轭结构特点的聚硅烷有着特殊的性能及用途。概述了聚硅烷作为陶瓷先驱体在制备陶瓷纤维、多孔陶瓷、陶瓷基复合材料3个方面的应用研究进展,并针对目前存在的不足指出了今后的研究方向。     

火箭发动机喷管喉衬用CMC研究进展

介绍了国内外CMC在火箭发动机喷管和喉衬上的研究进展,包括连续纤维增强CMC、陶瓷功能梯度材料、C/C或难熔金属上涂覆陶瓷涂层材料以及等离子火箭发动机用BN基陶瓷复合材料等,并指出目前国内研究工作重点.     

Modeling Loading/Unloading Hysteresis Behavior of Unidirectional C/SiC Ceramic Matrix Composites

The loading/unloading tensile behavior of unidirectional C/SiC ceramic matrix composites at room temperature has been investigated. The loading/unloading stress–strain curve exhibits obvious hysteresis behavior. An approach to model the hysteresis loops of ceramic matrix composites including the effect of fiber failure during tensile loading has been developed. By adopting a shear-lag model which includes the matrix shear deformation in the bonded region and friction in the debonded region, the matrix cracking space and interface debonded length are obtained by matrix statistical cracking model and fracture mechanics interface debonded criterion. The two-parameter Weibull model is used to describe the fiber strength distribution. The stress carried by the intact and fracture fibers on the matrix crack plane during unloading and subsequent reloading is determined by the Global Load Sharing criterion. Based on the damage mechanisms of fiber sliding relative to matrix during unloading and subsequent reloading, the unloading interface reverse slip length and reloading interface new slip length are obtained by the fracture mechanics approach. The hysteresis loops of unidirectional C/SiC ceramic matrix composites corresponding to different stress have been predicted.     

Z-pin增强CMC层间Ⅰ+Ⅱ混合型断裂韧性

提出手工预缝纫方法将3K丝束的T300碳纤维引入预成型体,采用CVI工艺在预成型体和缝线处同时渗透SiC基体,制备了Z-pin增强平纹编织C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料。通过三点弯曲试验测定了Ⅰ+Ⅱ混合型应变能释放率,分析了材料的裂纹扩展行为和Z-pin增强机理。结果表明:随着裂纹扩展长度的增大,Ⅰ+Ⅱ型裂纹扩展阻力不断增大,相同裂纹扩展长度,增加Z-pin植入密度可以提高粘结强度,增大止裂作用。Z-pin增强平纹编织C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料裂纹扩展的耗能途径主要是层间界面剥离、Z-pin弹性剪切和拉伸变形。     

Relationship between static bending and compressive behaviour of particle-reinforced cement composites

Innovative particle-reinforced materials made of alumina particles and cement-based matrix were designed, manufactured and tested to evaluate the potential use of ceramic aggregates in concretes. These particle-reinforced composites were tested in three-point bending and uniaxial compression conditions to determine the influence of the shape and size of the ceramic inclusions, and the addition of silica fume on the mechanical properties. A specific methodology combining post-mortem observations with a statistical analysis of tensile failure stresses (average strength and Weibull modulus) was conducted to deduce the origin of failure for each cement-based composite (porosity or ceramic particles/matrix decohesion). A remarkable correlation is observed between bending failure stress level and the average strength measured under uniaxial compression loading. As main conclusion, addition of alumina particles in a mortar appears to strengthen or to weaken the composite depending on whether silica fume is used in the cementitious matrix.     

A novel in-situ polymer derived nano ceramic MMC by friction stir processing

Friction stir processing (FSP) is a solid state technique used for material processing. Tool wear and the agglomeration of ceramic particles have been serious issues in FSP of metal matrix composites. In the present study, FSP has been employed to disperse the nanoscale particles of a polymer-derived silicon carbonitride (SiCN) ceramic phase into copper by an in-situ process. SiCN cross linked polymer particles were incorporated using multi-pass FSP into pure copper to form bulk particulate metal matrix composites. The polymer was then converted into ceramic through an in-situ pyrolysis process and dispersed by FSP. Multi-pass processing was carried out to remove porosity from the samples and also for the uniform dispersion of polymer derived ceramic particles. Microstructural observations were carried out using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) of the composite. The results indicate a uniform distribution of ~ 100 nm size particles of the ceramic phase in the copper matrix after FSP. The nanocomposite exhibits a five fold increase in microhardness (260HV₁₀₀) which is attributed to the nano scale dispersion of ceramic particles. A mechanism has been proposed for the fracturing of PDC particles during multi-pass FSP.     

Comparative study of high temperature composites

Two classes of composite made using either ceramic matrix with high temperature fibers or carbon/carbon have been used for various applications that require high temperature resistance, over three decades. However, their use has been limited to special applications because of the high costs associated with fabrication. Typically the composites are cured at more than 1000°C, and in most instances the heating has also to be carried out in controlled environments. In addition, because of the high processing temperature, only certain type of expensive fibers can be used with the ceramic matrices. A recently developed inorganic matrix, called polysialate can be cured at temperatures less than 150°C, making it possible to use carbon and glass fibers. Composites made using carbon, glass and combinations of carbon and glass fibers have been tested in bending and tension. This paper presents the comparison of processing requirements and mechanical properties of carbon/carbon composites, ceramic matrix composites made with silicon carbide, silicon nitride and alumina fibers and carbon/polysialate composites. The results indicate that carbon/polysialate composite has mechanical properties comparable to both carbon/carbon and ceramic matrix composites at room and high temperatures. Since the polysialate composites are much less expensive, the authors believe that it has excellent potential for more applications in aerospace, automobile and naval structures.     

LIQUID PHASE SINTERED METAL MATRIX COMPOSITE MATERIALS

Iron-base and aluminum-base composite materials reinforced with various ceramic particulates have been fabricated via powder metallurgy and liquid phase sintering. The advantage of this manufacturing route is that conventional powder metallurgy processing equipment can be used to fabricate metal matrix/ceramic composites. Furthermore, this approach makes it possible to manufacture these composites to near-net-shape. A number of matrix/ceramic combinations have been examined: Fe-C-Si and Fe-Cu with ZrO₂ additions and a Al-Cu-Si-Mg alloy with SiC or Al₂O₃ additions. The interfacial structures were characterized and found to play a significant role in controlling the properties of the composites. Reinforcement was observed in several systems. However, a glassy interfacial layer forms when Si additions and oxide reinforcements are present; the resultant particle/matrix bond strength is weak and reinforcement.     

晶须增韧陶瓷复合材料

综述了晶须增韧陶瓷复合材料的制备方法和分类;讨论了影响增韧效果的各种因素及对陶瓷材料力学性能、抗热震性和耐磨性等方面的影响;并将近年来有关晶须增韧陶瓷基复合材料机理方面的研究进展,晶须在陶瓷材料中的应用及今后的发展趋势等作以介绍.     

Stochastic matrix-cracking model for textile reinforced cementitious composites under tensile loading

When cementitious composites are loaded in tension, cracks initiate and propagate at very low stress levels, leading to a non-linear constitutive behaviour. A first attempt to model this behaviour (the well-known ACK-model) was done by Aveston et al. [1] and Aveston and Kelly [2]. However, according to several authors [3–10], the main limitation of this model is the stochastic nature of the strength of the cementitious matrix, which is not included in the ACK-model. Based on the work of Curtin et al. [7, 10], presenting a statistical treatment of matrix crack evolution in unidirectionally reinforced ceramic micro-composites with single fibres; a two-parameter Weibull model is proposed in this paper to describe the matrix strength. It was shown by Curtin et al. [7, 10] that one can determine the Weibull parameters on pure matrix specimens and transfer them to the matrix behaviour in the composite, if single fibre ceramic composites are used. However, it has been determined that this is not the case when textile reinforcement is used in a cementitious matrix. As will be shown in this paper, this stochastic cracking model cannot be simply transferred from single fibre ceramic composites to cementitious matrices with fibre bundles. The necessary modifications to make it useful for textile-reinforced cements are discussed.     

不同条件下Al2O3基陶瓷材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

本文对ＡＩ２Ｏ３基陶瓷材料／４５＃钢摩擦副的摩擦系数与４５＃钢／４５＃风的摩擦系数作了对比滑动摩擦试验研究,观测分析了ＡＩ２Ｏ３基陶瓷材料磨痕形貌,并就干摩擦、油润滑状态下ＡＩ２Ｏ３基陶瓷材料的磨损机理进行了分析。结果表明：分别在干摩擦和２０＃机油润滑下,ＡＩ２Ｏ３基陶瓷材料／４５＃钢的摩擦系数均比４５＃钢自配副时的低。在干摩擦条件下,ＡＩ２Ｏ３基陶瓷材料的磨损机理是脆性微剥落和磨粒磨损,油润滑条     

Ceramic matrix composite-metal brazed joints

A silicon nitride fibre-reinforced cordierite glass ceramic matrix composite has been brazed to titanium and stainless steel in argon with four different interlayer materials, copper, nickel, tungsten and a metal matrix composite (mmc). Joints were tested in shear and all but one failed in the ceramic composite. The highest strength joint, using a metal matrix interlayer to join cmc to stainless steel failed in the mmc at 106 MPa. Silver-copper eutectic braze and aluminium braze can be used to join metals to titanium-coated cmc, producing joints with low levels of interfacial defects. Some joints, however, show debonding at the edges where residual shear stresses are highest.     

Densification, phase composition, and properties of borosilicate glass composites containing nano-alumina and titania

Five samples of glass/ceramic composites were prepared from borosilicate glasses and both nano-aluminum oxide and nano-titanium oxide. The glass composite samples contain 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 wt.% of alumina and titania mixture. The ratio of Al₂O₃:TiO₂ in the mixture was 1:1. The formation of cristobalite in the glass matrix of low firing glass/ceramic composite substrates limits the efficiency of the ceramic substrate when it is used in circuit boards. In the present study, addition of both alumina and titania to a borosilicate glass as a ceramic filler caused the diffusion of alumina and titania phases (anatase and rutile) constituents into the glass matrix and prevented the formation of a cristobalite. Addition of both the ceramics suppresses cristobalite formation more effectively than one of them used alone and results in lower dielectric constant and thermal expansion coefficients.     

Faserverstärkte oxidkeramische Werkstoffe

Oxide ceramic matrix composites Oxide ceramics display excellent thermal and chemical stability up to high temperatures. A suitable way to overcome the inherent brittleness of oxide ceramics is the reinforcement with oxide fibers. Although both constituents, fibers and matrices are brittle, the composites display quasi‐ductile deformation behavior, due to mechanisms such as crack deflection, crack bridging or fiber pull‐out. A premise for these mechanisms to work is the relatively weak bonding between fibers and the matrix. To achieve a weak fiber/matrix bonding either suitable fiber coatings are employed or, in an alternative approach, highly porous matrices are used. WHIPOX, developed at DLR is a ceramic matrix composite belonging to the porous matrix group. These materials have a high potential for thermal protection systems and liners in gas turbine engines and beyond.