Frequency estimators for MIMO-OFDM systems

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems are known to be sensitive to carrier frequency offset (CFO). This paper is concerned with the CFO estimation for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems employing OFDM waveforms. We present two approaches to derive maximum likelihood (ML) pilot-assisted frequency estimators that use either two or multiple identical training symbols. It is shown that the resulting ML frequency estimators are similar to maximum ratio combining versions of Moose estimator and Yu–Su solution, respectively. Numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed frequency estimators are robust against spatial Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) variation and they yield performance superior to that of the corresponding single-antenna system.     

MIMO-OFDM系统中一种改进的信道估计方法

信道的准确估计是提高MIMO-OFDM系统性能的关键.在最优导频时域信道估计的基础上,提出了一种较低复杂度的改进算法,利用时变信道的自回归(AR)模型构造卡尔曼滤波器对估计出的时域信道响应进行滤波,提高信道时域响应的估计精度.仿真结果表明,在慢时变信道环境下,改进方法可以进一步提高信道估计的精度,同时保持了较低的复杂度.     

MIMO-OFDM系统中反馈降低算法

本文针对MIMO-OFDM波束赋形系统中基于子载波递归反馈编码算法反馈负载过大和基于簇递归反馈编码算法出现跟踪错误传播问题,提出一种新的周期性递归反馈编码算法。该方法利用簇波束向量之间的冗余相关性进一步降低反馈量。同时,通过周期性地搜索初始码书避免了跟踪错误的传播问题。另外,还提出了一种修订分簇反馈降低方法,接收端只当码字发生变化时才反馈最优码字及其子载波索引给发送端,否则不反馈任何信息。仿真结果表明这两种方法可以有效地降低反馈量,并且保证了系统性能。     

时变条件下MIMO-OFDM系统中的信道估计算法

本文设计了时变多径衰落条件下MIMO-OFDM系统中一种新的信道估计算法.该算法结合递归EM算法和Kalman预测对时变信道进行跟踪.借助软球形译码器(List Sphere Decoder,LSD)产生的搜索列表,递归EM算法序贯遍历搜索列表中可能的符号组合来估计各个子载波上的信道频率响应;基于获得的信道频率响应估计,Kalman预测器利用衰落信道的时域二阶统计特性进一步跟踪信道时变.仿真结果表明:本文设计的算法可以有效跟踪信道时变,性能优于传统的软输入Kalman滤波算法.     

Reconfigurable antenna solution for MIMO-OFDM systems

A reconfigurable microstrip dipole antenna solution for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems making use of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is presented. When applied to closely spaced antenna arrays, this method can increase link capacity. The benefits of this novel antenna solution are demonstrated by channel capacity measurements taken in an indoor environment with a 2/spl times/2 MIMO system.     

Effect of channel-estimation error on QAM systems with antenna diversity

This paper studies the effect of channel estimation error and antenna diversity on multilevel quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) systems over Rayleigh fading channels. Based on the characteristic function method, a general closed-form bit-error rate (BER) for M-QAM systems is presented. The effect of the inaccurate channel estimation on the performance for pilot-symbol-assisted modulation M-QAM systems with antenna diversity is investigated. Simulation results for M-QAM (M = 4, 16, 64, 256, etc.) show that the analytical method can accurately estimate the system performance. Moreover, numerical results show that with the antenna-diversity technique, the BER performance improves significantly, especially in perfect channel-estimation cases. It is also found that the channel-estimation error limits the benefit of antenna diversity. By increasing the length of the channel estimator and the amplitude of the pilot symbol, more accurate channel estimation can be achieved, so that the BER performance is improved.     

An MIMO-OFDM technique for high-speed mobile channels

In this letter, a new orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) technique for multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) channels is proposed to reduce interchannel interference (ICI) caused by high-speed mobiles in cellular environments. After analyzing the ICI caused by high-speed mobile channels using a simple curve fitting technique, the weighting factor for group transmission is optimized. Then, a new MIMO-OFDM technique, based on the weighting factor optimization, is proposed for reducing ICI caused by time-varying channels. Performances of the proposed technique are verified by using the I-METRA channel, proposed for an MIMO channel to 3GPP, and a MIMO-OFDM simulator designed for macrocellular mobile communication. It is shown by computer simulation that the proposed MIMO-OFDM technique is effective in reducing ICI and noise as well as in obtaining diversity gain even under highly-correlated fast fading channels, compared with the conventional MIMO-OFDM schemes.     

Enhanced reserved polling multiaccess technique for multimedia personal communication systems

This article describes a multiaccess technique which allows the transport of multimedia information across global personal communication systems (PCS). Impressive growth in the application of wireless technologies to telecommunications has sparked active research on a new generation of mobile radio networks projected to handle heterogeneous traffic types. One of the key requirements of these advanced systems is the multiaccess protocol which must guarantee quality of service and provide efficient access to multirate broadband applications that combine voice, video and data communications. In addition, the protocol is required to operate with the demanding constraints imposed by moving users, dynamic traffic load variations and highly sensitive wireless links. To this end, a multiaccess scheme called enhanced reserved polling is proposed. The scheme is designed to execute many PCSrelated functions including radio resource assignment, connection control and mobility management. It accommodates a diverse mixture of delay classes/message priorities and can also enhance the bandwidth sharing among different cells in the network.     

Combined QRD-M and DFE detection technique for simple and efficient signal detection in MIMO-OFDM systems

An efficient MIMO signal detection technique with low complexity is presented for MIMO-OFDM systems. The proposed technique has a feature of combined QRD-M and DFE detection. In our detection technique with M transmit antennas, after QRD-M detection is executed for first T detection steps, DFE detection is executed for last M - T detection steps. This approach is simple and has low complexity, because the computations for QRD-M is limited by the newly adopted parameter T. From simulation results, the complexity of the proposed technique with 4 × 4 and T = 2 is reduced by 61% compared with that of the conventional QRD-M at the expense of about 0.7dB degradation of BER performance at BER=10⁻⁴. The simulations are executed in Ricean and Rayleigh channel models. And the simulation of proposed technique is executed by using estimated channel. Through the simulations, it is ascertained that the proposed detection can be used for Ricean and Rayleigh channel models as well as estimated channel.     

基于SFBC结构的MIMO-OFDM系统峰均比抑制方法

高峰均比已成为SFBC MIMO-OFDM系统推向实用的主要障碍.针对此问题,提出了一种SFBC MIMO-OFDM系统峰均比抑制的新方法,多相旋转交换PIP(polyphase inversion and permutation)方法.该方法将所有发射天线看作一个整体,通过对序列进行2次分割、旋转、交换,既充分利用了各天线子载波之间的共轭和圆周移位特性,又可以结合FFT的运算特性,最大程度上降低了算法复杂度.仿真结果证明了该方法的有效性.     

MIMO-OFDM系统中的子空间半盲信道估计

本文主要讨论了MIMO-OFDM系统中的一种半盲信道估计算法.该算法基于子空间分解技术,利用信号子空间和噪声子空间的正交性将两者分离.针对盲信道估计存在计算量大及收敛速度慢等缺点,本文充分利用少量的导频,给出了一种基于子空间跟踪技术的半盲MIMO-OFDM信道估计算法.仿真结果表明,该算法在保持盲信道估计算法性能的基础上,明显加快了收敛速度、降低了计算量.     

Iterative soft-QRD-M for turbo coded MIMO-OFDM systems

We propose an iterative soft detection algorithm based on the QR decomposition and M-algorithm (soft-QRD- M) for MIMO-OFDM incorporating error correction coding. The soft-QRD-M step generates approximate a posteriori probabilities (APPs) with significant computational savings over the optimal sum-product algorithm. Simulation results show comparable performance of the soft-QRD-M detector and SPA in a Turbo- coded iterative MIMO-OFDM receiver.     

一种高效的MIMO-OFDM预编码实现方法

现有的预编码码本设计方法均导致了在信道量化时计算复杂度过高的问题。本文研究了Kerdock码本,这种码本由多个相互无偏基矩阵组成,这些基矩阵都只含有4个已知元素且都是归一化矩阵,并基于Kerdock码本的这种特殊结构给出了一种高效的实现方法。本文将在信道量化部分详细讲解这种实现的具体结构。这种结构有利于降低搜索复杂度,从仿真和计算结果可以看出采用这种结构的码本和量化器,能以很小的性能损失换来计算复杂度降低一半的优越性。     

MIMO-OFDM系统信道估计技术的分析

介绍了MIMO—OFDM系统的信道估计技术，根据是否使用训练序列信息，信道估计可以分为导频辅助信道估计和盲信道估计，本文首先较全面地介绍了导频辅助信道估计技术，然后介绍了一种运用较多的基于子空间的盲信道估计技术，最后计算机仿真分析比较它们的性能。     

MIMO-OFDM系统功率分配研究

MIMO(多入多出系统)和OFDM(正交频分复用)技术是未来无线通信的关键技术.与单入单出系统相比,MIMO在不增加带宽的情况下增加了频谱的利用率,从而增大了无线通信系统的容量,改善了无线通信系统的性能.本文介绍了传统的自适应功率分配算法,提出了一种新的最大化SNR的调和平均值的MIMO-OFDM功率分配算法(HARM算法),仿真结果表明,该算法的性能比传统算法的性能有很大的改善.     

Effects of channel-estimation errors on receiver selection-combining schemes for Alamouti MIMO systems with BPSK

The bit-error rate (BER) of binary phase-shift keying in Rayleigh fading, using the Alamouti transmission scheme and receiver selection diversity in the presence of channel-estimation error, is studied. Closed-form expressions for the BER of log-likelihood ratio selection, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) selection, switch-and-stay combining selection, and maximum ratio combining are derived in terms of the SNR and the cross-correlation coefficient of the channel gain and its corrupted estimate. Two new selection schemes, space-time sum-of-squares combining selection diversity and space-time sum-of-magnitudes selection diversity, are proposed and proven to provide almost the same performance as SNR selection, but with much simpler implementations. The effects of channel-estimation errors on each selection scheme are examined.     

用于SFBC MIMO-OFDM系统的改进SLM算法

在空频编码(SFBC)多输入多输出正交频分复用(MIMO-OFDM)系统中传输符号存在较高峰均功率比(PAPR)问题,采用SLM算法能够有效降低系统峰均功率比,但随着发射天线数的增加,较多的快速傅里叶反变换(IFFT)会增加系统的计算复杂度,因此,构造F矩阵并提出了一种基于F矩阵SFBC MIMO-OFDM系统的改进SLM算法。采用F矩阵作为相位序列组对空频编码信号进行独立处理,获得最优相位序列取共轭,将共轭序列中每两个旋转因子为一个单位交换位置,并扰码SFBC后各天线的信号,以此减少了每根发射天线上的IFFT次数。理论和MATLAB仿真分析表明,该算法获得了良好的峰均比性能,同时也降低了系统的计算复杂度。     

MIMO-OFDM系统信道最大似然估计研究

在深入分析MIMO-OFDM系统信道模型的基础上,提出了一种新的导频符号设计方案和采用最大似然比估计算法估计MIMO-OFDM信道,并分析了该算法的性能;计算机仿真结果表明在信道统计特性未知的条件下,采用所提出的导频符号设计方案效率高,估计性能优于RRE和LE等其他方法.     

MIMO-OFDM系统中信道盲估计与检测

针对MIMO-OFDM系统,提出了一种基于子空间的盲信道估计与检测方案,该算法将阵列信号处理的思想应用到MIMO-OFDM系统中,通过发送端信号的冗余编码,利用一种类ESPRIT算法进行盲信号检测和信道估计。仿真结果表明该算法的有效性及其信道盲估计方法的性能。     

Low complexity signal detection algorithm for MIMO-OFDM systems

A very low complexity algorithm for ordering based on the MMSE criterion and detecting based on the QR decomposition of sorted channel matrix in BLAST architectures is presented. The algorithm needs only a fraction of computational effort compared to the standard ordering MMSE algorithm and achieves suboptimal performance.