小波纹齿角梯形规整填料实验研究

规整填料在过程工业中得到广泛的应用,但近年来性能改进不大,因此它的强化研究具有重要意义。文中在1套全自动的50 mm内径的精馏塔内,用乙醇-正丙醇体系对小波纹齿角梯形规整填料的流体力学和传质性能进行了研究,并与相同比表面积的Mellapak填料进行了比较。实验表明,小波纹齿角梯形规整填料单位床层压降可减小30%,同时传质效率提高了16%。小齿角梯形规整填料综合性能优良,是一种有广泛应用前景的新型波纹规整填料。     

规整填料层压降的研究

根据实验数据研究了规整填料层压降的关联，导出了规整填料层压降的关联式，计算表明，与实验数据相吻合。各种规整填料在不同空塔气速下的压降计算误差一般在±１５％以下，准确性优于文献公式，计算简便，为规整填料层压降的计算提供了可靠的方法。     

泡沫碳化硅波纹规整填料的流体力学及传质性能

将碳化硅陶瓷材料用于精馏过程,将该材料与波纹板类填料形状相结合开发出泡沫碳化硅波纹规整填料和光滑碳化硅波纹规整填料.对2种填料进行了流体力学性能与传质性能的测试,研究了泡沫结构对规整填料性能的影响.在直径100mm的有机玻璃塔中使用空气-水体系对填料进行干填料压降、湿填料压降、泛点气速、持液量等流体力学性能测试；在直径100mm的常压玻璃塔中,使用环己烷-正庚烷标准物系进行全回流操作,对填料进行传质性能测试.实验结果表明,在填料外形相同的情况下,与光滑填料相比,泡沫填料的干、湿填料压降较高,泛点气速相当,持液量增大,传质效率显著提高.     

开孔与层数对丝网波纹填料流体力学性能的影响

测定了单层无孔、双层无孔、单层开孔和双层开孔4种不同结构的金属丝网波纹填料的流体力学性能,以研究表面开孔和丝网层数对丝网波纹填料流体力学性能的影响。在直径100 mm的有机玻璃塔中使用空气-水体系对4种不同结构的金属丝网波纹填料进行了干填料压降、湿填料压降、泛点气速、持液量等流体力学性能测试。试验结果表明,4种丝网填料中双层开孔填料的干填料压降与湿填料压降低、泛点气速大、持液量适中,较其余3种填料流体力学性能更优秀。     

S流线型规整波纹填料在硫酸装置干燥塔中的应用

在传统的硫酸装置中,干吸塔大都采用耐酸性能良好的陶瓷颗粒填料,并且采取散堆形式.这类干吸塔的气体压降一般都在2 kPa左右,而且运行一段时间后,由于填料之间的相互撞击或摩擦产生大量粉末,堵塞填料空隙,气体压降将更高,从而影响装置的生产能力.萍乡市车田工业瓷厂生产的S流线型规整波纹填料具有比表面积大、压降低的特点,能有效解决干吸塔压降高的问题,适合于老装置扩能改造.     

规整填料层压降的计算及与散装填料的比较

根据文献[6]导出的规整填料层压降关联式,由实验数据计算出9种规整填料本文关联式的压降常数,用空气-水物系和非水物系的实验数据进行了验证,并与Billet关联式计算值和实验值进行了比较;对规整填料层与散装填料的泛点和压降进行了比较。结果表明:该关联式与实验数据吻合较好,压降计算误差在±15％;规整填料力学性能优于散装填料。     

波纹填料层压降的新关联

导出了计算波纹填料层压降的半经验关联式，在包括泛点气速的多种气速下关联式对于波纹填料层压降的计算值与实验数据吻合较好，计算准确性优于文献公式。     

规整波纹填料内气体流动和传质的CFD模拟

为了研究规整填料局部特征单元内流体的流动状况和传质效果,采用计算流体力学的方法对JKB-250Y交叉波纹填料以及增加隔板后的JKB-250Y交叉波纹填料进行了模拟计算比较。结果表明,加入隔板后有效改善了传质的局部均匀性,并且消除了两股气体交叉流动带来的阻力,降低了通道的单位压降。增加隔板后的交叉波纹填料压降比传统交叉波纹填料压降降低20%~50%,增加隔板后的交叉波纹填料传质系数比传统交叉波纹填料传质系数提高约20%,可见提高传质分布的局部均匀性是提高传质效率并且降低阻力的较为有效途径之一。     

低阻高效同心环磷片填料旋转床流阻和传质特性研究

采用新型旋转床填料－同心环波纹碟片填料，对三种填料间距结构，在干、湿床两种状态下的气相压降随碟片填料间距、转速、气流流量的变化关系进行了试验研究，与有关文献的多孔介质填料压降结果对比，在相近的操作条件下，同心环波纹碟片填料的阻力分别是其阻力的２０％（干床）与４０％（湿床）同心环波纹碟片填料的保积传质系数是它们的１．９－２．５倍。     

液相流动方式对波纹规整填料性能的影响

根据液相在波纹规整填料片上呈现渗流、膜状流等不同的流动方式,选择5种不同的波纹规整填料对其流体力学和传质性能进行研究,以探究液相在波纹片上的流动方式对波纹规整填料性能的影响.研究结果表明,液相呈渗流流动的泡沫碳化硅波纹规整填料(SCFP型)有利于液体横向扩散和液膜均匀分布,当液相喷淋密度和气相F因子均较小时,其压降最低,传质效率最高;液相主要呈渗流流动、兼有膜状流动的双层错孔丝网填料(DMⅢ型)有利于波纹片两侧液体交换,强化液体在流动过程中的扰动,其压降及传质性能略逊于SCFP型填料;液相主要呈膜状流动的BX型、DMⅠ型及DMⅡ型填料波纹片表面液膜较厚,横向扩散能力差,其传质效率低于SCFP型和DMⅢ型填料.研究揭示了依靠渗流作用的波纹规整填料具有较好的应用性能,为波纹规整填料的进一步发展开拓了新思路.     

Modeling of dry pressure drop for fully developed gas flow in structured packing using CFD simulations

Dry pressure drop in columns equipped with structured packings is considered to involve two components: drag force due to the direction changes near the column walls and in the transition region between two packing layers rotated to each other by 90°, and friction force between the different gas flows inside the crossing triangular channels and with the packing solid walls. It is believed that in a packed bed with compact sheet density and large packing surface area (above 250 m²/m³), the major contribution of the pressure drop is generated by the friction component.In this paper, a model is proposed to determine the dry pressure drop friction component. The gas is assumed to establish a fully developed turbulent flow inside the structured packing channels. The structured packing geometry consists of a combination of periodic elements. It is shown that the reproduction of one periodic element aerodynamics leads to determine the gas distribution and pressure drop inside the packed bed. Therefore, modeling the dry pressure drop through one periodic element is a meaningful representation of the dry pressure drop over the packing.CFD simulations are carried out on periodic elements using different turbulence models: RNG k−ε, realizable k−ε, and SST k−ω. The best results that agree with the experimental data in the literature are obtained with the SST k−ω model. The CFD model proposed is used to study the impact of packing geometry variations on the dry pressure drop and to bring up a correlation for the pressure drop with respect to changes of packing geometry: channel height dimension, channel opening angle, and corrugation angle.     

Computational Fluid Dynamics Characterization of High-Capacity Structured Packing

The novel wire gauze structured packing, PACK-860, was characterized by means of numerical methods. The main features of PACK-860 such as height equivalent to a theoretical plate (HETP) and dry/wet pressure drop were evaluated. The flow structure in this packing was described by numerical simulation. To estimate the amount of HETP and dry/wet pressure drop, three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (3D CFD) modeling with the Eulerian-Eulerian multiphase approach was applied. The average relative errors between the results obtained from CFD simulation and experimental findings for mass transfer efficiency and wet and dry pressure drop were assessed. Numerical observations were found to agree well with the empirical results, proving the reliability of CFD simulations for modeling separation processes.     

CFD Simulation of Mass Transfer Efficiency and Pressure Drop in a Structured Packed Distillation Column

The pressure drop and mass transfer efficiency for two‐phase flow in a structured packed column were simulated using a commercial CFD package, CFX version 10. The distillation of the methanol/isopropanol system was carried out in a 0.073 m diameter column, with an element composed of a ceramic structured packing and 0.053 m in height. The Height Equivalent to Theoretical Plate (HETP) value varied from 0.106–0.146 m. Pressure drop experiments were measured with an air/water system. The pressure drops at the flooding and loading points were ca. 173 and 580 Pa/m of packing, respectively. HETPs and pressure drops calculated from the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model were compared to their experimental counterparts. The average relative error between CFD predictions and the experimental data for the prediction of dry pressure drop, irrigated pressure drop and mass transfer efficiency are 20.3 %, 23 % and 9.15 %, respectively. In all cases, the CFD predictions show a good agreement with the experimental data, indicating that CFD is a reliable, cost saving and suitable technique for the design and optimization of separation processes.     

Effect of ship tilting and motion on amine absorber with structured‐packing for CO2 removal from natural gas

A gas‐liquid Eulerian porous media computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed for an absorber with structured packing to remove CO₂ from natural gas by mono‐ethanol‐amine (MEA). The three‐dimensional geometry of the amine absorber with Mellapak 500.X was constructed to investigate the effect of the tilting and motion experienced on ships and barges for offshore plants. The momentum equation included porous resistance, gas‐liquid momentum exchange, and liquid dispersion to replace structured‐packing by porous media. The mass equation involved mass transfer of CO₂ gas into MEA solution, and one chemical reaction. Parameters of the CFD model were adjusted to fit experimental data measured in the CO₂‐MEA system. As the tilting angle increased, the liquid holdup and effective interfacial area decreased and CO₂ removal efficiency was lowered. The uniformity of liquid holdup deteriorated by 10% for a 3° static tilting, and a rolling motion with 4.5° amplitude and 12 s period, respectively. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 4412–4425, 2015     

填料塔基础理论研究新进展

规整填料塔具有效率高、压降低、放大效应不明显等优点,其成功应用有赖于对二相流动与传质的深入认识。文中综述了规整填料塔内的气液二相流动与分布、返混、气液二相在常压和高压下的传质特性、M arangon i效应以及计算流体力学(CFD)在规整填料塔中的应用等方面的国内外研究进展。填料塔内液体的分布与返混的研究较多,气相的流动分布与返混特性的研究较少,高压传质、M arangon i效应,特别是利用计算流体力学(CFD)模拟填料塔内的液体流动与传质等已逐渐成为研究的热点。     

新型纵向流一体式翅片管换热性能数值模拟

为达到提高壳侧传热系数的同时又具有较低的压力损失的目的,提出了新型纵向流一体式翅片管。针对翅片与管壁夹角的变化影响传热效率的问题,根据有无翅片、翅片夹角的不同、翅片种类的不同,利用计算流体力学(CFD)软件建立了7种周期性单元流道,并对壳侧流场和传热场进行了三维数值模拟,分析了不同流速的介质在流道中的扰动、压降及温度变化。模拟结果表明,在所有的翅片管中翅片夹角为105°翅片管的换热系数最高,翅片夹角为105°翅片管换热系数约为光管的1.4—1.6倍,压降仅为横向掠过的圆形翅片管的0.018—0.15倍。翅片夹角为105°时,翅片管综合性能较优,对烟气换热器应用提出了数值保障。     

孔板波纹填料的结构参数对其性能的影响

在内径Φ30 0mm的填料塔中研究了孔板波纹填料的结构参数对液相轴向混合特性、流体力学和传质性能的影响 .研究结果表明 ,轴向返混参数随开孔率、倾角的增加及盘高的减小而增加 ,填料层压降随开孔率、盘高的增加及倾角的减小而降低 ,传质单元高度随倾角的增加、盘高的减小而降低 ,开孔率对传质单元高度的影响有一个适宜值 .通过对实验数据的回归分析得出了轴向返混参数、填料层压降及传质单元高度的关联式 .该研究结果对孔板波纹填料的开发与设计具有参考价值     

规整丝网填料旋转填充床的气相压降特性及脱硫性能

采用空气-水体系,对装有4种不同规格规整丝网填料的旋转填充床的压降特性进行了实验研究,考察了转速、气体流量、液体流量等操作参数及填料特性对气相压降的影响规律,并与传统不锈钢波纹丝网填料旋转填充床压降进行了比较. 结果表明,装有规整丝网填料的旋转填充床压降可降低35%~70%. 进一步采用压降较低的规整丝网填料以(NH4)2SO3为吸收剂进行氨法脱硫性能研究,结果表明,随转子转速和(NH4)2SO3浓度增大,SO2脱除率升高;随进气口SO2浓度升高及气液比增大,SO2脱除率降低;SO2脱除率最高可达97%,可满足国家排放标准.     

CFD Studies of Pressure Drop and Increasing Capacity in MellapakPlus 752.Y Structured Packing

Packed columns equipped with structured packings are widely used in separation processes. In this study, the hydrodynamics of MellapakPlus 752.Y was investigated using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. This packing includes short smooth bends at both ends of each corrugated sheet. Two adjacent sheets of a whole packing module were considered as computational domain. The CFD results indicated that the gas phase should be simulated using a turbulent model for F factors higher than 0.8. Thus, various two‐equation turbulence models were evaluated for the gas phase in the CFD model. It was shown that the baseline k‐ω (BSL) model leads to a slightly improved prediction of the pressure drops compared with the experimental data. The effects of the bends on the structured packing were studied by the model. It was found that using bends in the packings is useful for increasing the capacity and decreasing the pressure drop of the systems.     

规整填料塔内气-液两相并流流动的CFD研究

应用FLUENT,即一款流体力学计算软件,对规整填料塔内的气液两相并流流动时的液相分布进行了研究,用数学方法拟合出压降和持液量之间的定量关系,并通过实验进行了验证。基于Mellapak350Y填料建立了物理模型,采用的方程是RNG k-ε湍流模型封闭动量方程。模拟过程中引入了表面张力源项以及相间作用力源项。模拟结果和实验结果吻合良好,表明了求解规整填料塔内两相并流流动的方法是合理的。