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低压条件下纳米流体的沸腾换热特性 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
在不同低压压力和不同纳米流体浓度下对光滑传热面上的水基纳米流体的池内沸腾特性进行了试验研究.纳米流体由平均直径50 nm的氧化铜粒子加入去离子水中组成,没有加入任何添加剂.研究主要针对7.2 kPa到100kPa的压力区间和0.1%到2%的质量浓度区间内压力和颗粒浓度对光滑表面沸腾换热特性的影响,研究结果表明:压力对纳米流体的沸腾换热特性有强烈影响,沸腾换热系数和临界热流密度(CHF)强化率随着压力的降低而大幅度增加.纳米流体浓度对沸腾换热系数和临界热流密度(CHF)有重要影响,并且在质量浓度约1%附近存在一个最佳颗粒浓度.研究结果显示由与去离子水相比,质量分数为1%,压力为7.2 kPa的纳米流体在光滑表面上的沸腾换热系数和临界热流密度都得到了显著提高. 相似文献
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建立了连续式石墨化炉的几何模型和热电耦合数学模型,运用数值计算方法对其温度场、电场进行了求解。采用了3种电极布置方式,即电极布置在炉体顶端左右分布(方式A),炉体上、下两端(方式B),炉体左、右两侧(方式C),研究了电极布置方式对石墨化炉热、电场的具体影响。在同等条件下,电极呈布置方式A时,炉体温度和电场强度偏高,布置方式B和C时,炉体温度和电场强度均偏低,但布置方式A的炉体温度均匀性差于后两种布置方式。为提高炉体温度均匀性,提出电极布置方式D,即电极正极在炉体中心布置,负极呈圆弧板环绕正极布置。综上计算结果显示,电极呈布置方式D时,炉体温度和电场强度达到最高,能耗最低,温度均匀性最好。 相似文献
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为了进一步探讨电场对沸腾传热强化机理,以水为实验工质,实验研究了电场作用下沸腾单个气泡的行为特性。通过直接加热法产生单个沸腾气泡,并利用高速摄像机拍摄观察了不同热流密度和电场强度组合工况下气泡的生长过程,并对该过程中对电场作用下气泡的脱离形态、周期和长径比等行为特性变化进行了相关定性分析,根据实验结果和相关定性分析,进一步合理阐释了电水动力学强化沸腾传热机理。结果表明:外加电场工况后,电场对沸腾气泡的脱离形态有显著的影响,气泡沿场强方向拉伸变形且场强越大,拉伸变形越明显;气泡的脱离长径比随着电场强度和热流密度的增大而变大;气泡的脱离周期随着电场强度和热流密度的增大而减小。这表明电场和热场协同作用有助于减小气泡的停留时间来减小热源于流体之间的热阻,进一步说明电场和热场对沸腾强化传热有一定的影响。 相似文献
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为进一步探索电场强化沸腾换热的机理,利用高速摄像仪对沸腾汽泡在电场作用下的生长过程进行了可视化实验研究,实验观察到电场作用下汽泡生长的动态图像,并对电场作用下汽泡行为的改变对沸腾换热的影响进行了初步分析。研究结果表明:电场作用下汽泡沿场强方向伸长,随着场强的升高,汽泡的脱离长径比增大,脱离体积减小,脱离频率增大。汽泡变形是由于汽泡受到电应力的作用,电应力在赤道方向压缩汽泡,在极轴方向拉伸汽泡,使得汽泡沿场强方向变细变长。由于在电场作用下汽泡行为的变化使得沸腾传热系数和临界热流密度提高。 相似文献
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设计了具有半球结构的3种特殊加热面,采用数值方法对池沸腾换热过程进行了数值模拟,得出了加热表面热流密度与加热面过热度之间的关系,并对恒热流加热条件下的临界热流密度进行了预测。数值计算结果表明:与平面结构相比,文中所提出的具有半球结构的3种特殊加热面均提高了沸腾换热效率。通过对所采用的3种特殊加热面进行比较分析,发现沸腾换热效率随半球结构数量的增多而增大。对沸腾换热效率及临界热流密度进行综合考虑,发现当半球结构数量为16时,换热效果为最佳。值得注意的是,当半球数量为36时,该结构具有最低临界热流密度。 相似文献
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The effects of electrode polarities on EHD enhancement boiling heat transfer were investigated theoretically and experimentally based on the analysis of electric field distribution affected by superheat boundary layer and charge injection. The results showed that electric field distribution was changed by the charge induced by temperature gradients in the superheat boundary layer, but the change was independent of electrode polarities. However, when electric charge injection occurred, the electrode applied positive high voltage might generate different characteristics of charge injection from that generated by applied negative high voltage. If the electric field on the surface of heat transfer increased due to charge injection, the augmentation effects would increase. The experiments demonstrated that positive high voltage gave larger enhancement factors than negative high voltage. The experimental phenomena could be interpreted well on the basis of charge injection characteristics. 相似文献
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以预测电场作用下竖直矩形微槽群热沉内液体润湿特性为目的,基于自适应理论,建立一维轴向模型,研究了电场强度、热通量以及微槽尺寸对润湿特性的影响。结果表明:电场作用下润湿长度随热通量增加逐渐降低。当热通量较低时,电场强度对润湿长度的强化较大,但随着热通量的增大强化程度减弱。电场强度对矩形微槽群热沉适应长度的强化较小,而对于边角流动区域长度的强化较为显著。电场作用下润湿长度随槽深和槽宽的增加分别呈增加和下降的趋势。与较小槽深槽宽相比,当槽尺寸较大时,电场强度对微槽内液体润湿强化更为显著。 相似文献
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The effect of a radial d.c. electric field on nucleate boiling heat transfer was investigated experimentally using a single-tube shell/tube heat exchanger. A dielectric liquid (Freon R. 114) was used in the shell and the tube was heated by circulating water through it.
It was found that the application of a sufficiently intense electric field to the boiling heat transfer surface resulted both in the elimination of boiling hysteresis and the enhancement of heat transfer for the range of superheat studied. An application of approximately 20 kV was more than sufficient to eliminate the hysteresis.
It was also observed that there appeared to be a transition between two situations. At lower superheat there is an appreciable improvement in the heat transfer coefficient due to both initial (0 to 10 kV) and incremental (10 to 20 kV) voltage increases. At higher superheat, however, the greater improvement (about four times) is obtained with the initial voltage application 相似文献
It was found that the application of a sufficiently intense electric field to the boiling heat transfer surface resulted both in the elimination of boiling hysteresis and the enhancement of heat transfer for the range of superheat studied. An application of approximately 20 kV was more than sufficient to eliminate the hysteresis.
It was also observed that there appeared to be a transition between two situations. At lower superheat there is an appreciable improvement in the heat transfer coefficient due to both initial (0 to 10 kV) and incremental (10 to 20 kV) voltage increases. At higher superheat, however, the greater improvement (about four times) is obtained with the initial voltage application 相似文献
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对氟里昂R134a在水平单管外的沸腾换热性能进行了试验研究,试验管为4根双侧强化管。在蒸发温度为8℃时比较不同肋型的强化换热性能。结果表明:所研究的强化管均有明显的强化换热作用,E12管的总传热系数略高于其他强化管,其管外沸腾传热系数相对于光管Cooper公式预测值的强化倍率为2.23~2.71,平均值为2.54。由于R22和R134a的物性不同,其管外沸腾传热系数约比R134a高出20%~40%。试验管的沸腾换热强化倍率与制冷剂的关系不明显。 相似文献