基于等效磁流法的平面近场测量技术研究

为了进一步论证等效磁流法的近场-远场变换算法在平面近场测量中的实用性与准确性,本文首先根据矩量法（MOM）建立了平面天线口径面上等效磁流的辐射电场方程,利用波导探头采集待测天线平面近场的电场分布,通过共轭梯度法求解矩阵方程,得到天线口径面上的等效磁流分布,之后由格林函数计算出天线远场方向图。最后,通过两种喇叭天线进行实验测试验证。同时将等效磁流法计算出的远场方向图以及由传统的平面波展开法计算出的远场方向图与紧缩场天线测试暗室的测量结果进行对比,结果发现本文算法反演出的远场方向图比平面波展开法在相同测试数据下反演出的远场方向图与紧缩场测量结果相比一致性更好,其中线性角锥喇叭天线的E面和H面方向图吻合度均达到,双脊喇叭天线的E面方向图吻合度达到,H面方向图吻合度达到,验证了等效磁流法算法在平面近场测量中的准确性。     

介电常数的实地测量装置的研制

介绍自由空间法实地测量介电常数的原理、方法和系统,依据原理,搭建室内测量系统进行了介电常数测量,利用S波段喇叭天线在垂直入射条件下接收反射波的幅度和相位,并采用金属板绝对定标法获得被测目标的反射系数,根据菲涅尔反射定律反演得到了土壤的介电常数。测量过程中引入时域去嵌技术有效抑制了多路径干扰信号,提高了幅度测量的精度;验证了测量相位的准确性,并给出了测量结果与模拟结果的比对,证明了实验的可实施行。     

应用单通道测试系统测量毫米波天线相位方向图的研究

毫米波段天线相位方向图的高质量测量一直是个难题，本文在单通道天线方向图测试系统接收机前加接一个简单的毫米波时分鉴相器和二只接收喇叭，利用差相法成功地测量了典型角锥喇叭的相位方向图，实测结果与理论计算结果相符很好。这种方法可应用于任何波段，尤其是一般测量方法难以实现的高频波段的天线相位方向图测量。     

500 M～2 GHz高性能双脊喇叭天线的设计及仿真

本文研制了一种500 M～2 GHz高性能双脊喇叭天线,作为低频段紧缩场测量系统的馈源.该天线延续了以往文献中介绍的脊喇叭天线宽频带、小体积的优点,同时,该天线引入了一些新的设计,得到了较高的方向图性能并压低了驻波比,这些新的设计包括:利用MFIE(磁场积分方程)算法的计算结果设计双脊波导,而不是传统的等效电路法的计算结果;利用HFSS对脊的形状及尺寸进行更为细致的优化;设计辐射段时,并不是完全照搬一般角锥喇叭的设计方法,而是将E面和H面方向图的3 dB波束宽度和相位中心这两组参数定为主要指标进行设计.此外,本文总结了一般双脊喇叭天线的设计方法,缩短了脊喇叭天线的设计时间.本文最后给出了500 M～2 GHz高性能双脊喇叭天线的仿真结果,仿真结果符合紧缩场馈源的要求.     

基于SIW的宽角度波束扫描CPW-CTS天线阵设计

本文基于基片集成波导(substrate integrated waveguide,SIW)提出了一种具有宽扫描角度的连续横向枝节(continuous transverse stub,CTS)频扫天线阵.沿纵向周期排列在共面波导馈线(coplanar waveguide,CPW)上的SIW结构CTS阵列向空间辐射电磁波.提出一种新型宽带CPW慢波结构作为天线阵的馈线,用以增大相邻天线单元之间的相位差,在8.6～13.7 GHz频带内,相位变化范围在89.3°～-83.3°,从而使天线阵主波束随频率实现大范围扫描.为了减少天线阵的后向辐射,在其背面1/4波长处加反射板.设计了一个4元SIW结构CPW CTS天线阵,利用全波仿真软件HFSS进行了分析.结果表明,在8.6～14 GHz频带内天线阵反射系数小于-10 dB,随频率增大实现E面-40°～56°的扫描,在各方向上的最大增益在9.8～12.3 dBi.     

DBF天线的近场测量与模拟分析

数字波束形成（DBF,Digital Beam Forming）是现代阵列天线系统的关键技术,然而传统的近场天线测量系统与DBF天线的数字接口并不兼容。本文在论述数字波束形成原理的基础上介绍了一种DBF天线近场测量系统。通过对一维DBF天线的近场测量模拟,由近场平面波综合技术得到远场方向图。所得结果与DBF阵列天线远场方向图相比较,可以看出两种方法得到的远场方向图具有良好的一致性。该方法避免了大量探头的使用,克服了探头间的耦合问题。     

A quasi‐planar incident wave excitation for time‐domain scattering analysis of periodic structures

We present a quasi‐planar incident wave excitation for time‐domain scattering analysis of periodic structures. It uses a particular superposition of plane waves that yields an incident wave with the same periodicity as the periodic structure itself. The duration of the incident wave is controlled by means of its frequency spectrum or, equivalently, the angular spread in its constituting plane waves. Accuracy and convergence properties of the method are demonstrated by scattering computations for a planar dielectric half‐space. Equipped with the proposed source, a time‐domain solver based on linear elements yields an error of roughly 1% for a resolution of 20 points per wavelength and second‐order convergence is achieved for smooth scatterers. Computations of the scattering characteristics for a sinusoidal surface and a random rough surface show similar performance. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

标准增益喇叭天线的准确定标测量

标准增益喇叭天线经常用作天线测量时的增益参考天线,所以,标准增益喇叭天线的增益定标值的准确性决定了被测天线增益测量的准确度。目前国内所使用的标准增益喇叭天线往往采用理论值,不能很好地保证天线测量数据的准确性。介绍了一种通过时域测量技术以及距离影响修正相结合,对标准增益喇叭天线增益值进行准确定标的测量方法。经过实验验证,该方法具有准确度高、易实施、适用于各类型天线产品测量的特点。     

基于横电磁波天线的高空核电磁脉冲辐射波模拟器设计

为解决传统核电磁脉冲模拟器存在测试空间受限的问题,提出了基于横电磁波（TEM）喇叭天线的高空核电磁脉冲辐射波模拟器设计方案。通过数值仿真验证了TEM喇叭天线的辐射场波形,指出TEM喇叭天线在应用于辐射式电磁脉冲模拟器时存在低频辐射能力差的问题;通过比较TEM喇叭天线对3种典型核电磁脉冲的辐射能力,发现辐射场的上升沿部分主要取决于激励源的上升前沿陡度,辐射场的脉冲宽度与激励脉冲的宽度有关,可以通过展宽激励源脉冲宽度的方法来补偿TEM天线低频辐射能力差的问题;通过实验验证了利用TEM喇叭天线研制电磁脉冲辐射波模拟器的可行性,但仍需要阻性加载或展宽激励脉冲等方法对TEM喇叭天线的低频辐射性能进行改善。     

平面接收阵列天线的反射测量

在微波无线能量传输(MWPT)中,接收阵列天线通常采用分布式整流将接收到的微波能量转换为直流能量,其天线单元的最大入射功率决定了整流电路的设计.然而,接收阵列天线边缘单元所能接收到的功率小,使所接整流电路阻抗发生变化,与阵列天线单元失配造成较大的反射.首先从理论上论证了随着接收天线单元输入功率的变化,接收阵列天线边缘单元的反射大于中间单元.然后设计了一个低剖面(0.05λ2)、高定向性(12.5 dBi)、高前后比(27 dB)的微带准八木天线作为探头.最后测量了10×10平面接收阵列天线连接整流电路时的反射和入射功率分布图,并计算得到反射因子(反射因子定义为到达接收阵列天线单元表面上的反射功率和入射功率的比值)分布图.实验结果与理论分析一致,该实验为提高MWPT中接收端的效率起到指导作用.     

检测GIS局部放电的小型准TEM喇叭天线

为克服目前气体绝缘组合电器（GIS）局部放电检测外置传感器的缺点,设计了一种外置小型准TEM喇叭天线传感器,它采用介质填充、楔形立体微带和背腔结构优化等技术手段,既可使喇叭天线小型化,又能得到优良的驻波比特性,可方便地从盆式绝缘子处接收局部放电产生的电磁泄漏信号,并能有效抑制周围空间低频电磁干扰。理论计算和实验室实测特...     

Modelling of a circular Fresnel zone plate lens for electromagnetic wave antenna application

The application of Fresnel lenses is often made to the receiving antennas for television and radio by way of the satellite communication, for the astronomical observation and so on. Their advantage lies in structural simplicity and low cost. A typical Fresnel zone plate lens (FZPL) consists of coaxial conductive ring bands separately placed over the surface of a dielectric plate. For the antenna application a receiving horn is provided at the focal point. In our previous work, the experiment was carried out for this arrangement, where the horn aperture is larger than the wavelength. Comparison was made with the solution of the Kirchhoff's scalar formula with reasonable agreement (Trans EIC Japan 1998; J‐81‐B‐II (8):823–828; Trans EIC Japan 1996; J‐79‐B‐II (11):959–963). The present work is to validate the numerical treatment. The method of moment and the theory of the physical optics are here considered with three‐dimensional vectorial formulation. The focal characteristic is obtained not only for the normal incidence but also for the slightly oblique incidence. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Modal Analysis of the GTD Diffraction Coefficients for the Half-Plane’s Edge

The GTD diffraction coefficients for the half-planes edge are obtained by a new semi-analytic approach: From the modal expansion of the Greens function of an acoustically soft or hard wedge the total field due an incident plane wave is derived by locating a line source at infinity and by transforming the incident line-source field to an incident plane-wave field. By means of the second Greens theorem and by using the bilinear form of the free-space Greens function, the scattered far field is obtained from the exact field values on the wedges flanks. The isolated edge-diffracted part can be identified as the difference between the far field scattered by a half plane and one half of the far field scattered by the entire plane. The obtained alternating and —in the classical sense— non-converging series are numerically evaluated by means of a linear (consistent) summation technique, and the comparison to Kellers result shows excellent agreement. The main advantage of this new method is that it can be applied to a certain class of more difficult problems (circular and elliptic cone, plane angular sector, etc.).     

Theory of AC quantum transport with fully electrodynamic coupling

With the continued scaling of microelectronic devices along with the growing demand of high-speed wireless telecommunications technologies, there is increasing need for high-frequency device modeling techniques that accurately capture the quantum mechanical nature of charge transport in nanoscale devices along with the dynamic fields that are generated. In an effort to fill this gap, we develop a simulation methodology that self-consistently couples AC non-equilibrium Green functions with the full solution of Maxwell’s equations in the frequency domain. We apply this technique to simulate radiation from a quantum-confined, quarter-wave, monopole antenna where the length L is equal to one quarter of the wavelength, \(\lambda _0\). Classically, such an antenna would have a narrower, more directed radiation pattern compared to one with \(L \ll \lambda _0\), but we find that a quantum quarter-wave antenna has no directivity gain compared to the classical solution. We observe that the quantized wave function within the antenna significantly alters the charge and current density distribution along the length of the wire, which in turn modifies the far-field radiation pattern from the antenna. These results show that high-frequency radiation from quantum systems can be markedly different from classical expectations. Our method, therefore, will enable accurate modeling of the next generation of high-speed nanoscale electronic devices.     

An E-plane sectoral horn fitted with side-lobe suppression devices

A finite difference method is used to design a new type of sectoral horn antenna with corner channel inserts which produces a tapered aperture amplitude distribution in the E-plane. The channel inserts, which present a simple modification to the horn aperture geometry, act as effective side-lobe suppression devices. The efficiency of the suppression technique was successfully tested on an experimental horn whose performance is compared to that of a horn with similar geometrical dimensions but with no channel sections.     

PBG结构圆柱形微带贴片天线的设计与仿真

本文利用光子晶体带隙(PBG)结构的特点,将特殊设计的 PBG 结构应用于圆柱形微带贴片天线中。在同轴线馈电的圆柱形微带贴片天线的介质上蚀刻出按一定规律排列的 PBG 结构,并基于 HFSS 对特殊设计的 PGB 结构圆柱形微带贴片天线和普通的圆柱形微带贴片天线进行仿真和优化,仿真结果表明,按照一定规律排列的 PBG 结构可以有效抑制天线表面波的传播,明显提高圆柱形微带贴片天线的带宽和增益,有效改善圆柱形微带贴片天线的辐射方向图,实现天线性能的优化设计。     

垂尾隐蔽式超短波全向天线的一体化设计

以单极子天线为研究对象,首先对传统单极子天线的工作原理进行了分析,并研究了不同情况对天线性能的影响,然后在此基础上提出了一种新型结构的平面单极子天线,它选用三角形的结构,并采取了加载元件、提升馈电点等技术,有效地减小了平面单极子天线的结构和尺寸,与此同时,有效地实现了天线带宽的展宽,并且在设计中采用了加载技术,实现天线性能的进一步优化.在理论分析的基础上,使用电磁场仿真软件HFSS对天线进行了仿真分析,通过参数扫描得到了天线的最佳尺寸,并分析了天线的方向图和增益等特性.然后对3种不同情况下的天线进行仿真与分析,分别是无限大地平面、有限大地平面、加入钉子和灯泡的复杂结构后,并优化其参数使其获得最佳的特性.最后根据以上仿真结果,提出了复杂结构垂尾隐蔽式超短波天线的一体化设计的方法.并进行了综合仿真,实现了在100～400 M的频段内驻波比小于2.75.     

基于拉氏反变换的传输线耦合电流半解析解

根据均匀平面波的特点,可将外场激励下传输线沿线激励的电源视为传输线首端等效电源的延迟,该延迟是空间电磁场相对于传输线入射参数的函数。基于Taylor传输线耦合模型,考虑均匀平面波激励下分布激励源的延迟性,推导了以理想大地为回线拉普拉斯域的传输线终端电流的半解析解公式,然后应用拉普拉斯反变换的性质推导出了时域电流的半解析解。终端耦合电流随着传输线参数和空间电磁场入射参数的变化而变化。仿真结果表明该半解析解公式收敛很快,对分析研究电磁场在传输线上的耦合机理和研究影响耦合电流大小的参数有特别意义。     

线列阵管中校准方法研究

本文提出了一种在密闭管中测量线阵的自由场复数灵敏度和指向性图的方法。在管中沿管轴方向布置一系列发射换能器和监测水听器 ,根据实测得到的传递函数矩阵和所要模拟的平面波频率、幅度和入射角计算得到一组发射换能器驱动信号的幅度和相位 ,然后以此信号激励每个发射换能器 ,就能在管中形成一个等同于任意角度入射的自由场平面波声场的声压分布。已经开发了一个初型实验系统 ,系统频率范围 2 0～ 6 0 0Hz ,管中所得的测量结果与理论曲线符合很好     

火花放电电磁干扰特性的比较

电磁环境的恶化给人类的生产和生活带来诸多危害。火花放电是一种重要的电磁干扰源。研究火花放电时辐射电磁波的特性，既可以帮助我们减少它们的危害，又有助于我们开发它们更多的应用。实验中，我们对针板空气间隙分别施加正、负直流和交流高电压，使其产生火花放电，利用宽带天线接收其辐射的电磁波，然后将信号通过电缆送至频谱仪，研究放电辐射电磁波的极化特性和方向图特性。通过实验和理论分析，我们认为，针板放电回路可以由一个振子天线来等效，并且随着辐射电磁波的波长与环形回路周长的比值不同，电磁波的特性也有所不同。另外，还解释了频谱图中出现的一些特点。