热处理工艺对铁基软磁复合材料电磁性能的影响

以磷酸为磷化剂对雾化铁粉进行磷化处理,然后在800 MPa压力下压制成环形生坯,分别在H2、N2和空气气氛下进行热处理,制成软磁复合材料磁芯,研究热处理气氛、热处理温度与时间对磁芯电磁性能的影响。结果表明:铁粉经磷化处理后,表面包覆完整均匀的磷酸盐绝缘层;与H2和N2气氛相比,磁芯压坯在空气气氛下热处理后拥有更高的磁导率和较小的磁损耗;空气气氛下500℃处理30 min是较优的热处理工艺,磁芯最大磁导率达到350,在频率为1 k Hz和饱和磁感1T条件下的磁损耗仅为145 W/kg,进一步延长热处理时间或提高热处理温度,磁导率增加不明显,但电阻率显著降低,导致磁损耗显著增加,软磁性能恶化。     

Effect of yttrium,calcium and zirconium on ignition-proof principle and mechanical properties of magnesium alloys

Good ignition-proof principle and mechanical properties were realized in Mg-Y-Ca-Zr alloy system.By adding Y and Ca elements,the ignition point of Mg-3.5Y-0.8Ca alloy was improved to over 1173 K,and the alloy could be melted in air without any protections.The ef-fect of Zr addition on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg-3.5Y-0.8Ca alloys were investigated,and Mg-3.5%Y-0.8%Ca-0.4%Zr alloy had good comprehensive properties with tensile strength of 190 MPa and elongation of 11%.Auger electron spectros-copy(AES) and X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis revealed that the oxide film formed on the surface of Mg-3.5Y-0.8Ca alloy was mainly composed of Y2O3.Thermogravimetric measurements in dry air indicated that the oxidation dynamics curves measured at 773,873 and 973 K followed the cubic law.Moreover,the semiconductor characteristic of Y2O3 film and its effect on ignition-proof properties of Magnesium al-loys were discussed from the viewpoint of electrochemistry.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Zn-Y-Nd-Zr alloys

The microstructure and tensile properties of the as-cast and solution treatment Mg-4.5Zn-1Y-xNd-0.5Zr (x=0, 1 wt.%, 2 wt.%, 3 wt.%) alloys were investigated. The results showed that the microstructure of Mg-4.5Zn-1Y-0.5Zr alloy consisted of α-Mg, Zn-Zr, W (Mg₃Y₂Zn₃) and I (Mg₃YZn₆) phases. With the addition of Nd, I-phase disappeared and Mg₃Y₂Zn₃ phase changed into Mg₃(Nd,Y)₂Zn₃ phase. When the content of Nd reached 3 wt.%, T phase, i.e., ternary Mg-Zn-Nd phase, formed. In addition, with the increase of Nd content in the alloys, the secondary dendritic arm spacing decreased, while the amount of intermetallic phases increased. For as-cast Mg-4.5Zn-1Y-xNd-0.5Zr alloys, after solution treatment, microsegregation was eliminated and the shape of eutectic structure of α-Mg+W transformed from lamellar into spherical. The tensile strength and elongation of Mg-4.5Zn-1Y- 3Nd-0.5Zr alloy were increased from 219.2 MPa and 11.0% to 247.5 MPa and 20.0%, respectively.     

Effect of chromium on magnetic properties and corrosion resistance of LaFe11.5Si1.5 compound

Effects of Cr addition on magnetic and corrosion properties of LaFe11.5-xCrxSi1.5 (x=0.1, 0.3, 0.4) magnetic refrigerants were investigated. It was found that the addition of Cr slightly decreased the magnetic entropy change, but it was effective in increasing corrosion resistance of La-Fe-Si compounds within the composition range examined. Corrosion measurements showed that corrosion current density of these La-Fe-Si compounds in distilled water decreased from 2.6×10-6 to 8.7×10-7 A/cm2, with x increasing from 0 to 0.3, while magnetic entropy change in LaFe11.5-xCrxSi1.5 compounds did not change significantly (-ΔSmax was 18.0, 17.0, 13.6, 11.1 J/(kg·K)) under 2 T for x=0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.4, respectively). Surface optical microstructures of compounds after corroded showed that corrosion took place at grains and grain boundaries simultaneously and surface concentration of corroded points on LaFe11.5-xCrxSi1.5 (x=0.1, 0.3, 0.4) compounds reduced obviously.     

Structure and magnetic properties of new compounds CdYFeWO_7

The solid solutions of CdYFeWO7,which are cubic pyrochlores of the type A2B2O7,have been prepared and their structures were determined using Ab initio method.Rietveld refinement of the powder XRD data showed that CdYFeWO7 adopted cubic(Fd-3m) structure,while oxides crystallized in a defect-pyrochlore structure where both O(48f) and O'(8b) sites were partially occupied,and the frustrated cations sublattice precluded long range ordering of Fe/W in the pyrochlore structure.Charge distribution analysis also sug...     

Effects of Fe-substitution for cobalt on electrochemical properties of La-Mg-Ni-based alloys

In order to improve electrochemical properties,especially cycling stability,Co was partially substituted by Fe in A2B7-type La-Mg-Ni-based alloys.The La0.74Mg0.26Ni2.55Co0.65-xFex(x=0,0.10,0.20,0.30) alloys were prepared by inductive melting,and their phase structure and electrochemical properties were studied.The XRD and SEM results showed that the alloys consisted mainly of(La,Mg)2Ni7 phase,(La,Mg)5Ni19 phase and LaNi5 phase,except for absence of LaNi5 phase in the non-substituted alloy.The(La,Mg)5Ni19 ph...     

Effect of aging on microstructure of Mg-Zn-Er alloys

The effect of aging on microstructure of Mg-Zn-Er alloys at 473 K was investigated using hardness measurement,scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The results indicated that both Mg3.8Zn1.5Er and Mg5Zn2.0Er alloys exhibited visible age-hardening effect,especially the latter alloy.Microstructure analysis showed that,after being aged,lots of fine MgZn2 phases with hexagonal structure were found in the α-Mg matrix.Comparing with Mg3.8Zn1.5Er alloy,the accelerated hardenin...     

Effect of cobalt substitution on magnetic properties and microstructure of nanocrystalline （NdDyTb）12.3（FeZrNbCu）81.7B6.0 ribbons

Effect of Co substitution and annealing treatment on the formation, magnetic properties and microstructure of (NdOyTb)12.3(FeZrNbCu)81.7CoxB6(x=0-15) ribbons prepared by rapid quenching and subsequent annealing was systematically investi-gated by means of differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Phase analysis revealed single-phase material. The remanence polarization Jr and maximum en-ergy product (BH)max increased with increasing x from 0 to 12 and then decreased for x=lS. The intrinsic coercivity Hci of (NdDyTb)12.3 (FeZrNbCU)81.7-xCoxB6 ribbons optimally processed decreased from 1308.7 kA/m for x=0 to 817.4 kA/m for x=15. Optimum magnetic properties with Jr=1.041 T, Hci=944.9 kA/m and (BH)max=155.1 kJ/m3 were achieved by annealing melt-spun ribbon (x=-12) at 675℃ for 10 min. There was no significant influence of Co substitution on microstructure.     

Influence of La-Co substitution on the structure and magnetic properties of low-temperature sintered M-type barium ferrites

La-Co substituted M-type barium ferrites (BaM) were prepared by traditional solid state method and sintered at low tem-perature (1173 K). X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and...     

Effect of Ca and Y additions on oxidation behavior of magnesium alloys at high temperatures

Oxidation and ignition of magnesium alloys at elevated temperature were successfully retarded by additions of Y and Ca,which could be melted at 1173 K in air without any protection.Thermogravimetric measurements in dry air revealed that the oxidation dynamics curves of Mg-2.5Ca alloy and Mg-3.5Y-0.79Ca alloy at high temperatures followed the parabolic-line law or the cubic-line law.X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) analysis indicated that the oxide film on the surface of Mg-3.5Y-0.79Ca and Mg-2.5Ca alloys exhibited a duplex structure,which agreed with the results of thermodynamic analysis.By comparison,the ignition-proof effect of the combination addition of Y and Ca was better than that of the single addition of Ca.     

MIM软磁材料:生产工艺、性能及应用

长期以来,金属注射成形是一种公认的制造软磁零件的有效方法,除了产品的最终形制造,在材料价格昂贵与难以切削加工两方面都有好处外,MIIM工艺还可改进磁性能,而且在选择材料方面也有较大的自由度。Dr David Whittaker述评了令使用产业越来越感兴趣的一组软磁材料的生产工艺、性能及应用。     

Effect of super heat treatment on crystallization behavior and magnetic properties of Nd4.5Fe77B18.5 nanocomposites

Melt-spun Nd4.5Fe77B18.5 ribbons were prepared under various superheat temperatures.The microstructure characteristics,crystallization behavior,and subsequent magnetic properties of Fe3B/Nd2Fe14B nanocomposite magnets were investigated using X-ray diffraction,differential thermal analysis,and vibrating sample magnetometry.It was shown that melt spinning at different quenching temperatures caused the as-quenched ribbons to have distinctive crystallization behavior.Depending on superheat temperature,phase tra...     

Effect of niobium on thermal stability and impact toughness of Nd-Fe-B magnets with ultra-high intrinsic coercivity

The effects of Nb on the thermal stability and impact toughness of ultra-high intrinsic coercivity of Nd-Fe-B magnets were investigated.The results showed that the addition of Nb could improve the thermal stability,and obviously increased the impact toughness of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets.The optimum thermal stability of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets was obtained when the content of Nb was 1.0 at.%.The maximum impact toughness of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets was obtained when the content of Nb was 1.5 at.%,but the magnetic properties of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets drastically deteriorated when the content of Nb increased from 1.0 at.% to 1.5 at.%.The microstructure showed that overfull Nb addition made many ultra-fine grains get together,which led to the density of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets decline and drastically deteriorated the magnetic properties of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets.     

Microstructure and magnetic properties of Fe-Co-Nd-Y-B alloys obtained by suction casting method

The phase composition, magnetic properties i.e. coercivity and the magnetic polarization at room temperature for the bulk Fe₆₇Co₅Nd₃Y₆B₁₉ and Fe₆₄Co₅Nd₆Y₆B₁₉ alloys were studied. The bulk amorphous Fe₆₇Co₅Nd₃Y₆B₁₉ alloy, inhomogeneous in the as-quenched state, crystallized after annealing at 948 K for 0.5 h and consisted of Nd₂Fe₁₄B-type, Fe₂B and paramagnetic phases. The rapidly solidified Fe₆₄Co₅Nd₆Y₆B₁₉ alloy contained the Nd₂Fe₁₄B-type and paramagnetic phases. The annealing of the bulk Fe₆₇Co₅Nd₃Y₆B₁₉ alloy at 948 K for 0.5 h led to hard magnetic properties. However, the bulk Fe₆₄Co₅Nd₆Y₆B₁₉ alloy exhibited good hard magnetic properties directly after preparation.     

Fe-Cu-Nb-Si-B快淬带的组织、磁性及微区力学性能

采用单辊熔体快淬法制备宽6~8mm、厚30~40μ_m的Fe_78.3Cu_0.6Nb_2.6Si_9.5B₉合金薄带.其直流磁性能为：饱和磁感应强度B_s=1.06T,剩磁B_r=0.39T,矫顽力H_c=3.53A/m,最大磁导率μ_m=2.43mH/m;交流磁性能为：铁损P_0.5T/1kHz=22.2W/kg,P_0.2T/100kHz=864W/kg,对应的有效磁导率μe分别为833和1225.场发射高分辨扫描电镜观察发现,不同工艺参数制备的快淬带因晶化程度不同,对应的断口形貌特点也不同,非晶相和纳米晶复合的合金带断口可见镜面区和雾状区、周期性褶皱、河流状花样等,而晶化接近完全的合金带呈沿晶断裂.纳米力学探针研究表明,非晶相和纳米晶复合的合金带的微区硬度和弹性模量低于晶化接近完全的合金带.基于Luborsky法,利用自行设计的装置测量断裂应变,对材料的韧性进行半定量分析.     

软磁合金系列新产品的开发

选择了应用广 ,技术含量高 ,磁特性不同的 1J5 0、1J85和 1J2 2三种合金作软磁合金系列新产品开发的代表 .试制中重点解决了真空冶金工艺及最佳合金成分匹配 ,提高返回比和宽带生产技术 .试制结果表明 ,合金的冶金质量、磁性能、尺寸公差均达到国标要求     

Effect of annealing process on magnetic properties of Sm（Co0.6Fe0.27Cu0.1Zr0.03）7.5 ribbons

Sm(Co0.6Fe0.27Cu0.1Zr0.03)7.5 ribbons were prepared by melt-spun method. The results showed that the remnant magnetization Mr and intrinsic coercivity Hci had a rapid increase when the heating rate increased from 5 to 10℃/min. But the increase of Mr and Hci were observed to be very little when the heating rate was further increased to 20℃/min. 10℃/min was the critical heating rate for obtaining high magnetic properties. The maximum values of Mr and Hci reached 0.70 T and 780.1 kA/m when the annealing temperature and annealing time were optimized to be 800℃ and 1 h, respectively. Proper second-step heat treatment could suppress the decrease of Hci when the cooling rate increased from 0.7 to 5 ℃/min, which could reduce the cooling time effectively.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Zn-Mn-Sn-Nd wrought alloys

The microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast and extruded Mg-6Zn-1Mn-4Sn-xNd(x=0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5) alloys were investigated by means of optical microscopy(OM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and tensile test. The results showed that the dendrites sizes of these alloys were decreased by the addition of Nd. The phase compositions of the as-cast Mg-Zn-Mn-Sn-Nd alloys were dendritic α-Mg, MgZn2, Mg2 Sn, T phase and MgSnNd ternary phase. The mechanical properties of the as-extruded alloys were improved due to the refined equiaxed grains and dispersive Mg2 Sn and MgSnNd second phases. The comparison of the theoretical yield strength with the experimental yield strength revealed that the yield strength model of the as-extruded alloys should be modified as σys =σMg +σgb +σss +σsp.     

Effect of the partial substitution of samarium for lanthanum on the structure and electrochemical properties of La_(15)Fe_(77)B_8-type hydrogen storage alloys

La15Fe77B8 hydrogen storage alloys were prepared using a vacuum induction-quenching furnace. The results of X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) suggested that La15–xSmxFe2Ni76Mn5B2(x=0, 2, 4, 6) alloys had multiphase structure including the main LaNi5 phase, La3Ni13B2 phase and(Fe, Ni) phase. With the increasing substitution of Sm for La, the main phase structure of alloys did not change, while the unit cell volumes decreased, the cycle stability was improved and the maximum discharge capacity decreased, but the low temperature maximum discharge capacity of the same substitution alloy was gradually approaching the maximum discharge capacity at room temperature, which showed that La15Fe77B8 hydrogen storage alloys of the partial substitution of Sm for La had better low-temperature dischargeability(LTD). For the same substitution alloys, self-discharge characteristics and cycle stability at low temperature were better than that at room temperature. Furthermore, the high-rate dischargeability(HRD) and the exchange current density I0 first increased and then decreased with the increasing of Sm content, whereas the hydrogen diffusion coefficient D in alloy bulk decreased gradually, which indicated that appropriate substitution of Sm for La improved the electrochemical kinetics properties of the alloys. The HRD was mainly dominated by the charge-transfer rate on the alloy surface.     

Effect of surface treatment on the structure and high-rate dischargeability properties of ABs-type hydrogen storage alloy

Surface-treated MmNi_3.55Co_0.75Mn_0.4Al_0.3 alloy as negative electrode material of nickel-metal hydride battery was employed to improve the high-rate dischargeability. Surface treatment was realized by dipping and stirring the alloy into a HCl aqueous solution with various concentrations at room temperature. The microstructure of the alloy before and after surface treatment was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical properties before and after surface treatment were comparedand the alloy treated in 0.025 mol/L HCl solution showed the optimal high-rate dischargeability.