新型蓄能空调系统全年电力负荷转移率研究

以采用溴化锂溶液的新型蓄能空调系统为研究对象,采用数值模拟的方法对蓄能空调系统在分量蓄能策略下整个空调季节的工作情况进行模拟,得出蓄能空调系统在整个空调季节内电力负荷转移率的大小以及蓄能空调系统工作性能及参数的变化规律.     

溶液浓度差蓄能技术在太阳能蓄能制冷中的应用

为了研究太阳能蓄能制冷过程中各工作参数随时间变化的关系,建立直接加热溶液的太阳集热器和蓄能制冷系统的动态数学模型,利用计算机进行动态数值模拟,得到太阳集热器与溶液储罐环路内工作溶液循环和蓄能制冷循环特性。     

CO2双级压缩制冷热泵循环系统的研究

关于CO2双级压缩制冷热泵循环系统的研究是目前一些生活服务行业最大的制冷热泵的循环需求,例如在餐厅、宾馆、理发店等地方对于循环系统的寻求.研究了关于CO2双级压缩制冷热泵循环系统的工作原理,及该系统今后的发展方向.     

太阳能喷射/压缩复合制冷循环性能研究

研究了一种太阳能喷射/压缩复合制冷循环,由太阳能集热子系统、喷射制冷子系统及压缩制冷子系统组成,系统充分利用热电两种能源以及两种制冷方法各自的优点,优化喷射制冷子系统工作性能的同时,改善压缩式子系统的工作条件,从而提高复合制冷循环性能的同时节约高品位电能。采用性能较好的高蒸发温度式喷射制冷带走压缩机排气余热具有实际意义。通过数值模拟的手段分析系统性能及其主要影响因素,并优化工作条件。研究表明,与相同工作条件下的单压缩制冷循环相比,复合制冷循环工作日全天候运行时电力性能系数提升约为31.5%,节电优势显著。存在一个最佳的喷射子系统蒸发温度使得复合制冷循环性能系数达到运行工况的最大值。     

内燃机尾气余热驱动有机朗肯蒸汽压缩制冷循环的研究

设计了以内燃机尾气余热为热源驱动的有机朗肯蒸气压缩制冷循环系统。根据热力学定律,建立了循环系统的数学模型,提出了尾气换热夹点确定方法。以Matlab和Refprop软件为工具,研究了有机朗肯循环(organic Rankine cycle,ORC)各换热器负荷、做功量、热效率分别随蒸发压力、冷凝温度的变化关系,并确定了最优工质。研究了蒸汽压缩制冷循环(vapor compression refrigeration,VCR)各换热器负荷、制冷系数分别随蒸发温度、冷凝温度的变化关系。由于压缩比的限制,确定了多种制冷工质在不同冷凝温度下的最低蒸发温度,结合相关标准中所规定的各型冷藏车蒸发温度的范围,确定了各型冷藏车的可选制冷剂。研究了与可选工质对应的制冷系数随蒸发温度的变化关系,从而确定最优工质。计算了各型冷藏车在采用最优制冷剂时,在最严苛工况下的制冷量、制冷系数及综合系数。     

三种CO2跨临界制冷循环热力分析

通过建立热力学模型,对三种不同的CO_2跨临界制冷循环进行研究,系统地分析了排气压力、气冷器出口温度、蒸发温度等参数对循环系统性能的影响。研究结果表明:三种循环的COP都随排气压力升高先增后减,随气冷器出口温度升高而减小,随蒸发温度升高而增大;通过单级压缩循环与两级压缩循环的COP对比,可以发现相同条件下,CO_2两级压缩循环的COP比单级压缩循环高;对两种两级压缩循环进行对比,可以发现带闪蒸器的制冷循环系统的COP高于带中冷器的制冷循环系统的COP。     

余热制冷用氯化钙_硅胶复合吸附剂的制备及性能研究

为了开发出利用余热进行吸附制冷的高性能吸附剂,采用浸渍法在真空下将氯化钙担载于粗孔硅胶上,制备了硅胶/氯化钙复合吸附剂,测试了复合吸附剂的吸附等温线和吸附速率,测试结果表明:浸渍法得到的复合吸附剂对水具有更大的吸附能力,在20%的湿度下,复合吸附剂在2h的吸附量为15.64 g/100 g吸附剂,是单一硅胶在相同条件下吸附量的8.06倍。用制备的复合吸附剂制作了一台小型吸附制冷机并进行了测试,当热源温度为90℃,冷却水温度为35℃时,在整个循环周期内(15 min),制冷功率为0.705kW,单位质量吸附剂的制冷功率(SCP)为70.51 W/kg,COP为0.25。     

太阳能溴化锂吸收式制冷技术的发展趋势及研究进展

在能源紧张、环境污染日益严重的今天,太阳能的开发利用符合环境保护的可持续发展要求。在太阳能的应用中,太阳能空调技术具有良好的发展前景,既满足了人们追求高品质生活的要求,又节能环保,是空调制冷的理想形式。文中介绍太阳能溴化锂吸收式制冷系统的工作原理,阐述吸收式制冷循环系统的几种典型结构及相关的研究进展,对影响溴化锂吸收式制冷机组性能的因素进行分析,最后探讨太阳能溴化锂吸收式制冷机的发展前景。     

无分凝器的氨水吸收式制冷循环系统研究

在常规单级氨水吸收式制冷循环的基础上,本研究提出了一种无分凝器的氨水吸收式制冷循环系统。应用能量和质量守恒方程对循环中不同部件分别建立热力学模型,通过运用C++软件编程,对两种循环的循环特性进行了模拟计算。结果表明:在发生温度为150℃,冷却水进口温度32℃工况下,随蒸发温度的升高无分凝器循环的性能系数越来越接近常规循环,在空调工况下最为接近;反之,越来越偏离常规循环。     

太阳能制冷讲座(12) 太阳能喷射式制冷技术(上)

介绍了喷射式制冷的发展、工作原理和主要特点,并对单纯太阳能喷射制冷和压缩-喷射、吸收-喷射、吸附-喷射、热管-喷射等复合太阳能喷射式制冷系统进行了介绍和分析,并对其应用前景进行了总结。     

Transient thermodynamic analysis of a novel integrated ammonia production,storage and hydrogen production system

A transient thermodynamic analysis is reported of a novel chemical hydrogen storage system using energy and exergy approaches. The hydrogen is stored chemically in ammonia using the proposed hydrogen storage system and recovered via the electrochemical decomposition of ammonia through an ammonia electrolyzer. The proposed hydrogen storage system is based on a novel subzero ammonia production reactor. A single stage refrigeration system maintains the ammonia production reactor at a temperature of −10 °C. The energy and exergy efficiencies of the proposed system are 85.6% and 85.3% respectively. The proposed system consumes 34.0 kJ of work through the process of storing 1 mol of hydrogen and recovering it using the ammonia electrolyzer. The system is simulated for filling 30,000 L of ammonia at a pressure of 5 bar, and the system was able to store 7500 kg of ammonia in a liquid state (1% vapor) in 1500 s. The system consumes nearly 45.3 GJ of energy to store the 7500 kg of ammonia and to decompose it to reproduce the stored hydrogen during the discharge phase.     

Thermodynamic limits on the performance of a solar thermochemical energy storage system

Use of closed-loop thermochemical energy storage systems for the storage of solar energy places fundamental limits on the amount of work which can be extracted from the recovered energy. These arise because of thermodynamic irreversibilities associated with the storage system itself and because of the need to degrade collected solar energy to the characteristic temperature of the reaction system chosen. General expressions for the exergetic and work recovery efficiencies of thermochemical storage systems have been developed by assuming that the reaction process is the only source irreversibility within the closed-loop system. These have been used to plot contours of constant efficiency for the ammonia-based thermochemical system. The effect of spontaneous separation of mixtures due to the preferential condensation of ammonia has been examined analytically and graphically. The analysis presented represents a necessary prerequisite for the optimization of system efficiencies by reactor design.     

Application and research of flywheel energy storage system in electrified railway

本文提出了通过飞轮储能系统在线路负荷较重时对电网释能来降低变压器的出力,从而降低最大需量值或变压器容量;因为铁路负序最严重的时候为变压器处于峰值功率时,所以还可有效降低负序电流。由于飞轮储能装置是个储能体,同时具备储能和释能的双重功能,所以此系统还可吸收再利用机车制动时产生的制动电能,有效降低电度电费成本。本文先后介绍了系统整体结构、变流器系统、飞轮储能装置、测控单元,然后根据实际变电站参数和实测牵引负荷数据建立了该系统的仿真模型进行仿真,表明了所提出的飞轮储能系统应用于电气化铁路进行削峰填谷的正确性。     

Life-cycle energy efficiency estimation of large-scale ammonia fuel energy storage system

本文讨论了氨作为燃料使用会具备与传统化石燃料显著不同的环境效益,并进一步探讨了氨作为储能介质的特点,包括储能密度和规模大、受地理条件约束小、便于运输存储等。本文还针对目前的合成氨路线从理论分析和工业实际两个方面对合成效率进行了估算和评价。针对目前国内核能、风能、太阳能等清洁能源电力的低谷或弃电问题,建议采用以制氨的方式存储或外运,以便于在电力不足时将其用于发电。建议并评估了几条基于制氨并发电的路线,并基于现有氨燃料的发电效率计算了各路线在全生命周期内的总储能效率（25%～40%）和以电换电的效率[2.5～4.0(度/10度）]。     

蓄能互联热泵系统相变装置熔化与凝固过程特性分析

介绍了一种新型的蓄能互联热泵系统。利用数值模拟的方法对填充石蜡C17的球型蓄热单元的熔化与凝固过程进行研究,分析了球壁温度、相变单元尺寸和相变材料初始温度三种影响因素对熔化过程和球壁温度对凝固过程的影响。通过对两个过程对比发现相变单元尺寸对相变过程影响最大,在相同温差条件下完全熔化时间少于完全凝固时间,熔化过程中始终存在的石蜡-壁面与液相石蜡-固相石蜡之间的对流换热过程增加了熔化速率。     

分布式多源储能模糊聚类集群协调优化模型

分布式多源储能系统是针对高渗透新能源电网能量供需平衡过程的电热多能源协调复合储能系统,具有布局分散、时域调节灵活性强的特点。为充分挖掘分布式多源储能系统运行的调节能力,文章提出分布式多源储能系统集群协调模型。首先,研究分布式多源储能系统调节特性以及调节能力量化方法,提出基于分布式多源储能系统节点调节能力的系统节点集群划分模型,将分布式多源储能系统划分为基于调节能力的若干子群落;然后,提出分布式多源储能系统集群协调调度方法,以提升新能源接纳能力,降低分布式多源储能系统运行成本;最后,采用我国北方某城市电网数据及电热联合系统数据进行仿真算例分析,验证文章所提方法的有效性。     

Inhibition of wind power fluctuations of battery energy storage system adaptive control strategy design

为了增加电池储能系统针对大规模风电并网对电网系统的友好性,降低风电功率波动对电网的不利影响,本文提出以电池荷电状态和风电功率为反馈量,改变平抑时间常数和电池储能系统充放电目标功率为目标的平抑风电功率波动的自适应控制策略。经仿真验证,上述策略能有效避免电池的荷电状态大幅波动,延长电池使用寿命,从而减小电池储能系统的安装容量,最大限度地发挥电池储能系统的作用。     

Optimisation of solar-hydrogen power system for household applications

A numerical method was developed for optimising solar–hydrogen energy system to supply renewable energy for typical household connected with the grid. The considered case study involved household located in Diyala Governorate, Iraq. The solar–hydrogen energy system was designed to meet the desired electrical load and increase the renewable energy fraction using optimum fuel cell capacity. The simulation process was conducted by MATLAB based on the experimental data for electrical load, solar radiation and ambient temperature at a 1-min time-step resolution. Results demonstrated that the optimum fuel cell capacity was approximately 2.25 kW at 1.8 kW photovoltaic power system based on the average of the daily energy consumption of 6.8 kWh. The yearly renewable energy fraction increased from 31.82% to 95.82% due to the integration of the photovoltaic system with a 2.25 kW fuel cell used as a robust energy storage unit. In addition, the energy supply, which is the economic aspect for the optimum system, levelised electricity cost by approximately $0.195/kWh. The obtained results showed that the proposed numerical analysis methodology offers a distinctive property that can be used effectively to optimise hybrid renewable energy systems.     

Numerical analysis and evaluation of an open-type thermal storage system using composite sorbents

A family of composite sorbents has been acknowledged as promising thermal storage materials for low grade thermal energy storage owing to its high specific storage capacity and low regenerating temperature. This paper reports a simplified numerical model aiming to determine the dynamic characteristics of the composite sorbents and evaluate the specific capacity and COP of the open-type thermal energy storage system. The computational results were validated with the experimental measurements carried out on an open-type thermal energy storage set-up filled with composite sorbents. By using the simplified numerical model, the dynamic characteristics of the composite sorbents in the thermal energy storage process were determined. The effects of the composite sorbents and the operating parameters on thermal energy storage system performance were also evaluated.