橡胶材料对甲醇汽油的抗溶胀性研究

甲醇作为一种性能优良的替代燃料,对橡胶材料具有很大的溶胀危害,这在很大程度上制约了甲醇汽油的发展。本文选取汽车上常用的几种橡胶材料分别进行汽油和甲醇的溶胀性试验,最后得出可用于甲醇汽油上的抗溶胀性较好的橡胶材料。     

车用甲醇汽油的溶胀性研究

采用浸泡法,对汽车上常用的几种橡胶材料分别进行汽油和甲醇的溶胀性试验,最后找出可用于甲醇汽油中的抗溶胀性较好的橡胶材料。试验结果表明:甲醇对某些橡胶材料具有很大的溶胀危害,必须选用抗溶胀性较好的橡胶材料制作甲醇汽油的燃油供给系统的配件。     

车用甲醇汽油的溶胀性研究

采用浸泡法,对汽车上常用的几种橡胶材料分别进行汽油和甲醇的溶胀性试验,最后找出可用于甲醇汽油中的抗溶胀性较好的橡胶材料.试验结果表明:甲醇对某些橡胶材料具有很大的溶胀危害.必须选用抗溶胀性较好的橡胶材料制作甲醇汽油的燃油供给系统的配件.     

不同比例甲醇汽油对橡胶圈的溶胀性实验

采用浸泡法,对9种不同橡胶材料的0型圈在M100甲醇汽油、M85甲醇汽油、93#汽油3种燃料中浸泡,通过各种胶圈的质量变化率、体积变化率来判断各橡胶材料抗溶胀效果,最后选出了对3种燃料抗溶胀效果均较好的橡胶材料三元氟橡胶、聚氨酯橡胶、丁腈橡胶、氧化丁腈橡胶,三元氟橡胶通用性最好。     

甲醇汽油对橡胶材料的溶胀性和力学性能的影响

研究了丁腈橡胶(NBR)与氟橡胶(FKM)在93#汽油、甲醇和不同比例甲醇汽油混合燃料中溶胀的物理形变和力学性能变化,并对浸泡液中硫含量和胶质含量的变化情况进行测试表征。结果表明,FKM在93#汽油中溶胀的尺寸及质量变化率均较NBR小,基本维持在1.5%以下;甲醇汽油混合燃料中,FKM的质量、尺寸及拉伸性能变化率均随甲醇含量的增加显著升高。NBR在93#汽油中质量变化率为4.2%,而在甲醇汽油中,其质量变化率基本维持在3.0%~6.6%,甲醇含量对其形变及拉伸性能变化的影响不大。各燃料体系浸泡NBR后,硫含量均显著增加,在M50中增加最大;各燃料体系在浸泡FKM后,硫含量基本不变。甲醇汽油浸泡两种橡胶后,体系中胶质含量均较单一燃料时增加显著。通过对橡胶质量、尺寸、力学性能变化及浸泡液分析可知,甲醇汽油的复合作用使上述橡胶材料的溶胀更为显著。     

甲醇汽油对车用非金属材料的溶胀性研究进展

阐述了国内甲醇汽油对车用非金属材料溶胀性能的相关研究情况。依据近年来甲醇汽油研究领域公开发表的著作、期刊文章、学位论文、发明专利等文献,从溶胀作用机理研究、实验研究、抑制剂研究三个方面进行归类总结,并探讨了甲醇汽油及溶胀性研究中存在的问题。文献分析结果表明:对溶胀作用机理的研究不够充分,大多停留在猜测和佐证阶段,没有直观的机理分析;车用非金属材料在甲醇汽油中的浸泡实验研究较为充分,结论也趋于一致;有关溶胀抑制剂的参考文献较少,已公布的各种抑制剂配方差别较大,缺乏统一的评判标准;甲醇汽油溶胀作用研究方面仍存在许多不足,需要逐步完善和解决。清楚了解甲醇汽油溶胀性研究的已有成果和欠缺,能够为相关科研工作者开展后续深入研究提供参考和方向。     

甲醇汽油应用问题的研究

甲醇汽油是一种符合我国能源结构的清洁燃料。综述了甲醇汽油中存在的金属腐蚀、橡胶溶胀、侵蚀润滑油等问题,分析了产生的原因,分类总结了相应的解决方法。     

甲醇作为车用汽油调合组分的利弊分析

介绍了甲醇汽油的毒理特性,分析了其潜在危害。基于国内外研究成果,对甲醇汽油对发动机动力性能和燃烧性能的影响、甲醇汽油的常规污染物与非常规污染物的排放形成和控制、甲醇汽油的腐蚀性和溶胀性以及甲醇汽油的稳定性和清净性等进行了讨论。     

M15车用甲醇汽油复合添加剂的技术研究

甲醇汽油作为一种理想的清洁燃料,将成为汽车的主要替代能源。本文通过对M15车用甲醇汽油复合添加剂的研究,确定其最佳配比。利用该复合添加剂调和的M15车用甲醇汽油不易分层,长期处于稳定状态,抑制了其对发动机机体的金属腐蚀、橡胶溶胀作用,并确定该复合添加剂的最终加入比例。     

不同比例甲醇汽油对橡胶的溶胀影响研究

研究了丁腈橡胶(NBR)、氟橡胶(FKM)及氢化丁腈橡胶(HNBR)等三种典型橡胶在不同比例甲醇汽油中的理化性能与机械性能变化,并与乙醇汽油体系的溶胀进行了对比研究。实验结果表明:NBR在不同甲醇比例的浸泡体系中,尺寸、质量及体积变化率均小于6%,且尺寸变化率最小,基本维持在3%以下;溶胀后NBR的机械性能下降显著。FKM各项理化性能及机械性能在汽油中的变化均最小,在M30甲醇汽油体系中最大,且随着时间延长,其理化性能变化逐渐增大,而机械性能则无明显变化;在相同条件下,FKM的理化性能及机械性能变化均大于NBR与HNBR,而NBR与HNBR的变化趋势基本一致;NBR在甲醇汽油中的溶胀程度与其在乙醇汽油中基本相当。     

Quantification of styrene–butadiene rubber swelling as a function of the toluene content in gasoline: A new method to detect adulterations of fuels

The swelling of styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) when exposed to organic solvents was measured and mathematically correlated to the toluene concentration in a complex mixture such as gasoline. This relation enables inferences to be made regarding the composition and quality criteria of the fuel and represents a new method to detect adulterations. Changes in the mass and volume were measured by gravimetric and hydrostatic techniques. A simplex‐lattice experimental mixture design was carried out in mixtures with toluene, heptane, and type C gasoline (a blend of gasoline with ethanol) and the mass swelling was statically analyzed for 5 and 15 min of continuous immersion in the mixtures of the solvents. For the experimental design two cubic equations were obtained with a high value for R²‐ajusted (>0.98) at 25°C ± 1°C correlating mass swelling of SBR and the content of solvents. For both immersion times, the greatest and most important effect over the mass swelling was the content of toluene, with the mass variations increasing proportionally with toluene content in the gasoline. The analysis of variance applied to the mass swelling data verified that it is possible to obtain good mathematical equations to associate the rubber swelling with the solvent composition and concentration. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

M15车用甲醇汽油核心技术标准缺位折射市场监管难题

针对我国推广车用甲醇汽油面临的问题,阐述了《车用甲醇汽油（M15）》、《复合添加剂》国家标准尚未发布和实施,地方、企业的产品质量标准中多碳醇含量、溶胀性指标、酸度指标缺位,以及甲醇含量、腐蚀性质量指标检测方法标准尚未完善等问题,浅略分析了相关核心技术标准缺位折射反映出M15车用甲醇汽油推广应用中市场监管难题。     

New gasoline and gas barrier from plasticized carbon black reinforced butyl rubber/high‐density polyethylene blends

The effects of the high‐density polyethylene volume fraction on the curing characteristics and network structure of rubber blends have been studied in terms of the torque, scorch time, optimum curing time, Mooney viscosity, number of elastically effective chains, viscosity, interfacial tension, glass‐transition temperature, scanning electron microscopy, internal friction, sound velocity, acoustic attenuation, polymer–solvent interaction parameter, swelling index, and gel fraction. The applicability of the blends for gasoline barriers has been examined through the changes in the electrical resistance and volumetric swelling in gasoline versus time at room temperature. The transport mechanism of the solvent through the crosslinked butyl rubber/high‐density polyethylene blends is governed by Fickian diffusion law. The transport coefficients, namely, the diffusion coefficient, intrinsic diffusion, and permeation coefficient, have been computed. The experimental data for the permeation coefficient are in good agreement with the values calculated by Maxwell's model and far from those of Robeson's model. In addition, some thermodynamics parameters, namely, the standard entropy, standard enthalpy, and standard Gibbs free energy, have been estimated as functions of the high‐density polyethylene concentration of the butyl rubber blends. Furthermore, the applicability of butyl rubber/high‐density polyethylene composites for Freon gas barriers and antistatic charge dissipation has been examined. Finally, the mechanical properties, such as the tensile strength, hardness, stiffness, and elongation at break, of butyl rubber composites with different high‐density polyethylene concentrations have been evaluated. The increase in the mechanical properties is due to the increase in the crosslinking density and the interfacial adhesion of the blend. This proves that these new blends have important technological applications as gasoline and Freon barriers and for antistatic charge dissipation with good mechanical properties. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 1237–1247, 2006     

车用甲醇汽油金属腐蚀性研究

随着甲醇汽油逐步走入人们的生活,甲醇汽油的质量问题也成为人们日益关注的焦点。通过在一定实验条件下,将车用汽油、车用甲醇汽油M15、车用甲醇汽油M25三种燃料用七种金属腐蚀试片进行金属腐蚀试验来确定其使用安全性。     

大掺量甲醇汽油初步探讨

进行大掺量甲醇汽油研究及考核,通过计算机仿真模拟试验,优化添加剂配方组分。采用自溶合技术调配M45甲醇汽油,完成添加剂和M45甲醇汽油理化指标测试,进行M45甲醇汽油互溶性、高低温启动性等试验,进行行车试验,对M45甲醇汽油和纯汽油进行油耗和经济性的对比分析,确定添加剂和M45甲醇汽油生产工艺路线,制定企业标准。