石墨添加对原位合成钛基复合材料高温力学性能的影响

利用钛与碳化硼及石墨之间的自蔓延高温合成反应经普通的熔铸工艺原位合成制备了不同摩尔比值TiB和TiC增强的钛基复合材料。测定了原位合成钛基复合材料的高温力学性能。结果表明:由于增强体的原位合成,复合材料的高温拉伸性能与基体合金比较有了明显的提高。高温拉伸断裂与温度有关,温度较低时,增强体断裂是材料失效的主要原因;而随着温度的提高,增强体与基体合金界面脱粘成为材料失效的主要原因。高温拉伸时裂纹容易在短纤维状增强体TiB的端面处形核与长大从而使增强体与基体合金脱粘导致材料失效,因此加入石墨形成更多的TiC粒子有利于提高复合材料的高温力学性能。     

激光原位合成钛基复合材料初步试验

利用激光原位合成工艺制备了TiC TiB增强的钛基复合材料,初步研究了原位合成反应的热力学以及激光原位合成钛基复合材料的工艺、组织及性能.结果表明:钛与B4C反应释放出大量热,反应能自发维持;存在两种不同形状的增强体,即短纤维状TiB和等轴、近似等轴状TiC粒子;该钛基复合材料局部显微硬度达到500HV.     

原位TiB晶须和TiC颗粒复合增强Ti复合材料的压缩性能及微观结构

采用反应热压方法制备了原位TiB晶须和TiC颗粒复合增强钛复合材料，对复合材料进行了高温压缩试验，对变形前后的微观结构进行了分析。在350-650℃温度范围内，复合材料的强度均明显高于钛基体。原位增强相与钛基体具有良好的界面结合，压缩变形后在钛基体中产生大量的形变孪晶。     

原位生成(TiBw+TiCp)/Ti复合材料的高应变速率超塑性

将纯钛粉和B4C粉按一定比例混合均匀后,通过反应热压方法原位合成制备了TiB晶须和TiC颗粒增强体积分数为3%的钛基复合材料,并在950℃以16∶1的挤压比对复合材料进行了高温热挤压变形.采用X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜分别研究了原位生成复合材料的相结构和微观组织,并在700℃以不同应变速率对钛基复合材料进行了高温拉伸变形.研究表明:纯钛和B4C在1200℃真空热压原位合成产生两种不同形状的增强体,即短纤维状TiB晶须和等轴状的TiC颗粒;应变速率为5.95×10-4、1.19×10-3s-1和0.89×10-2s-1时,(TiBw TiCp)/Ti复合材料都表现出超塑性,延伸率分别为205.43%、148.3%和112.85%;700℃变形时(TiBw TiCp)/Ti复合材料的应变速率敏感指数为0.45.     

原位自生(TiB+TiC)/Ti-1100复合材料的高温力学性能及强化机制

利用常规钛合金的真空自耗熔炼以及热加工技术,制备了原位自生(TiB+TiC)/Ti-1100复合材料。对该复合材料的微观结构进行研究,并分别在高温环境下测试了基体合金以及复合材料的高温拉伸性能,最后对其强化机制进行研究。结果表明:钛基复合材料的屈服强度可以用数学模型来计算。增强体的加入使复合材料的高温力学性能明显优于基体合金,且其高温强度的提高主要受益于碳的固溶强化、TiB纤维的传递载荷、TiC颗粒的强化位错等因素的贡献。     

激光熔覆沉积钛基复合材料的组织及性能

通过在激光熔覆沉积过程中向熔池内送入一定比例纯Ti粉和B4C颗粒，直接制备出钛基复合材料，分析了所制备材料的微观组织、相组成及性能。结果表明，在激光熔覆沉积过程中，Ti粉和B4C颗粒发生原位反应，生成与基体界面结合良好的TiC和TiB增强相，TiC为短棒状或颗粒状，TiB为短纤维状，复合材料中同时有大量未完全反应的B4C颗粒存在，所制备钛基复合材料的抗拉强度、硬度较激光熔覆沉积的纯钛有较大幅度的提高。     

原位TiB/Ti复合材料的熔铸制备及其显微组织

结合Ti-B-Al体系的热力学及Ti-B相图,提出了可制备薄壁、复杂形状原位自生钛基复合材料构件的SMIF工艺.采用XRD、SEM和TEM等手段研究用该工艺制备的复合材料的相组成和显微组织.结果表明,钛基复合材料中生成了TiB增强相,且在基体中分布均匀,呈短纤维状;并且Al的加入使得TiB相具有较高的长径比,最高可达110.TiB增强相/基体界面清洁、无污染.受熔模精铸陶瓷型壳的激冷作用,钛基复合材料铸锭表层中TiB相垂直于铸锭的表面分布.与基体合金相比较,钛基复合材料的力学性能有了很大程度的提高.     

原位生成TiBw/Ti复合材料的微观组织及高温压缩变形过程的演化规律

用粉末冶金原位合成法制备了TiB晶须增强钛基复台材料。利用扫描电镜和X射线衍射方法对经挤压变形后复合材料的微观结构进行了分析。在复合材料中观察到反应生成的TiB晶须。复合材料经过热挤压变形后,TiB晶须沿挤压方向定向排列。对挤压态TiBw／Ti复合材料进行高温压缩变形,TiB晶须在热压缩变形过程中发生转动或折断现象，变形温度越低，晶须折断现象越严重。     

TiC+TiB2协同增强Al-Cu原位复合材料

为利用TiC和TiB2的协同增强作用,采用基于熔体接触反应法和混合盐反应法的新工艺"两步法"制备了(TiC TiB2)/Al-2Cu原位复合材料.利用扫描电子显微镜及差式扫描量热计对热处理前后的原位复合材料进行了组织及热分析,结果表明:组织中两相粒子的分布比单相粒子增强的情况更加均匀,而且T4处理实现了两相粒子真正意义上的均匀相间分布;相对于单一的Al-2Cu合金,(TiC TiB2)/Al-2Cu的熔化开始温度和凝固开始温度升高,熔化潜热和凝固潜热增大,体系稳定性从而得以提高,T4处理进一步增大了这一趋势.     

钛基梯度功能材料电场激活原位合成

本文采用电场激活压力辅助燃烧合成工艺(FAPAS),以Ti-Al和Ni-Ti-C体系的放热反应,实现了TiC陶瓷颗粒增强的Ni基复合材料的原位合成以及Ti-TiAl-(TiC)pNi功能梯度材料的同步连接制备。借助SEM和XRD等手段分析了各层界面的相组成和微观结构以及界面元素扩散特征,探讨了电场对功能梯度材料制备过程中各层间界面的冶金特征及连接结构的影响,揭示了电场作用下,利用放热体系进行原位合成和扩散连接的机制。研究结果表明,外加电场条件下,钛粉和铝粉反应形成TiAl相产生的化学热促进了钛基板与TiAl层界面原子的扩散溶解,是两者形成连接的关键;钛-碳反应热促进TiC/Ni细晶复合结构形成,提高了TiC颗粒与基体之间的润湿性和复合材料层的致密度。     

原位合成TiC和TiB增强钛基复合材料

分析了增强体ＴｉＣ和ＴｉＢ在钛中的原位生成机理,利用普通的熔铸设备,原位合成制备了ＴｉＣ和ＴｉＢ颗粒增强的钛基复合材料,ＳＥＭ和Ｘ射线衍射的研究结果表明,ＴｉＣ和ＴｉＢ以不同形状在钛基体中生长,较为细小,且分布均匀,钛基复合材料的室温和高温性能了较大的提高。     

激光熔化沉积(TiB+TiC)/TA15原位钛基复合材料的显微组织与力学性能

利用激光熔化沉积工艺制备了TiB+TiC增强相体积分数分别为9%、11%、22%及57%的4种(TiB+TiC)/TA15原位钛基复合材料。随增强相含量提高,TiB形态由片层状向棱柱状转化,TiC形态由不规则颗粒状向枝晶状转化,钛基复合材料硬度及弹性模量均显著提高而塑性明显下降。增强相体积分数约为9%的复合材料表现出较好的综合力学性能,增强相体积分数大于11%后复合材料的抗拉强度急剧降低。与激光熔化沉积态TA15钛合金相比,TiB+TiC增强相体积分数约为9%的复合材料抗拉强度（1040 MPa）及屈服强度（935 MPa）均提高约12%。      

Microstructure and tensile properties of in situ synthesized (TiBw + TiCp)/Ti6242 composites

In the present work, (TiB_w+ TiC_p)/Ti6242 composites were fabricated via common casting and hot-forging technology utilizing the SHS reaction between titanium and B₄C. The XRD technique was used to identify the phases of composites. The microstructures were characterized by means of OM and TEM. Results from DSC and analysis of phase diagram determine solidification paths of in situsynthesized Ti6242 composites as following stages: -Ti primary phase, monovariant binary eutectic -Ti + TiB, invariant ternary eutectic -Ti + TiB + TiC and phase transformation from -Ti to -Ti. In situsynthesized reinforcements are distributed uniformly in titanium matrix alloy. Reinforcement TiB grows in whisker shape whereas TiC grows in globular or near-globular shape. TiB whiskers were made to align the hot-forging direction after hot-forging. The interfaces between reinforcements and Ti matrix alloy are very clean. There is no any interfacial reaction. Moreover, the mechanical properties improved with the addition of TiB whiskers and TiC particles although some reduction in ductility was observed. Fractographic analysis indicated that the composites failed in tension due to reinforcements cracking. The improvements in the composite properties were rationalized using simple micromechanics principles. The strengthening mechanisms are attributed to the following factors: undertaking load of TiB whiskers and TiC particles, high-density dislocations and refinement of titanium matrix alloy's grain size.     

Microstructure and tensile properties of in situ synthesized (TiB+Y2O3)/Ti composites at elevated temperature

A novel titanium matrix composites reinforced with TiB and rare earth oxides (Y₂O₃) were prepared by a non-consumable arc-melting technology. Microstructures of the composites were observed by means of optical microscope (OM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to identify the phases in the composites. There are three phases: TiB, Y₂O₃ and titanium matrix alloy. TiB grows in needle shape, whereas Y₂O₃ grows from near-equiaxed shape to dendritic shape with increase of yttrium content in the composite. The interfaces between reinforcements and titanium matrix are very clear. There is no interfacial reaction. Tensile properties of the composites were tested at 773, 823 and 873 K. Both the fracture surfaces and longitudinal sections of the fractured tensile specimens were comprehensively examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The fracture mode and fracture process at different temperatures were analyzed and explained. The results show that the tensile strength of the composites has a significant improvement at elevated temperatures. The predominant fracture mode of composites is cleavaged at 773 and 823 K. Fracture occurs by ductile failure at 873 K.     

Evaluation the Properties of Titanium Matrix Composites by Melting Route Synthesis

The main purpose of this study is an in-situ synthesis of （TiB＋TiC） hybrid titanium matrix composites （TMCs） by vacuum induction melting method and to verify its mechanical properties.The melting route was adopted to synthesize the commercial pure titanium （cp Ti） and granular boron carbide （B-4C）.The reinforcements,the fraction of 10 vol.pct,were formed by adding 1.88 wt pct B-4C to cp Ti.After in-situ synthesis of TMCs,electron probe micro-analysis elemental mapping was carried out to confirm the distribution and shape of reinforcements.The cone-on-disk type sliding wear test was also done for the identification of TMCs.It is concluded that （TiB＋TiC） hybrid TMCs can be in-situ synthesized and has better wear properties than H13.     

High-temperature OM investigation of the early stage of (TiC+TiB)/Ti oxidation

The initial oxidation behavior of titanium matrix composites (TMCs) was studied in a temperature range 550 to 650C in a flow of purified oxygen at atmospheric pressure using thermogravimetry. The oxidation kinetics very initially follows approximately a linear rate law and then a parabolic rate law. The oxidation rate decreases gradually as the oxidation proceeds. The initial in situ oxidation was investigated by high-temperature optical microscopy in air. The oxide layer was examined by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy combined with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy unit. It was found that the reaction products are predominantly rutile. The reinforcements of TiB and TiC can result in a decrease in the overall oxidation rate at 550, 600, and 650C. This is attributed to the interface cohesion and the clean interfacial microstructure between reinforcements and the titanium matrix alloy, which is strong enough such that the reinforcements can act as barriers to solid-state diffusion.     

In situ preparation of titanium matrix composites reinforced with TiB whiskers and Y2O3 particles

Titanium matrix composites reinforced with TiB and Y₂O₃ were prepared by a non-consumable arc-melting technology. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to identify the phases in the composites. Microstructures of the composites were observed by means of optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results show that there are two kinds of reinforcements formed in the titanium matrix, needle-shaped TiB and Y₂O₃ with near-equiaxed and dendritic shape. The interfaces between reinforcements and titanium are clear and there is no evidence of interfacial reaction. The hardness of the composites decreases with the increasing contents of yttrium in the composite.