Development of technology for high-strength nonwoven materials

It was found that chemical fibres modified with organosilicon compounds have better physicomechanical properties than the initial fibres. The effect of the chemical structure and properties of the organosilicon compounds on the modification process and physicomechanical properties of the modified fibres was investigated. The optimum process parameters for manufacture of thermobonded nonwovens with elevated physicomechanical properties were determined. It was shown that treatment of the fibre web with a catalyst — hydrogen peroxide — allows eliminating the stage of heat treatment of the webs after application of the modifier which reduces the power consumed for production of nonwovens. __________ Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 2, pp. 21–23, March–April, 2006.     

Chemical fibres and thread in a crisis year

For the first time in recent years, the total consumption of all types of fibres dropped significantly in 2008 — by 6.7%, including natural fibres by 10.1% and chemical fibres by 4.5%. The economic crisis affected the large-tonnage synthetic fibre sector especially negatively: world consumption decreased by 4.1% in comparison to 2007: polyacrylonitrile by 20%, polypropylene by 11%, polyamide by 10%, and polyester by 2%. Chemical fibre production in 2008 was 42,156 tons, i.e., a 4.5% decrease, primarily in Europe, Japan, and the US. China alone enjoyed a 2.5% increase in comparison to 2007. In CIS countries, chemical fibre production decreased by 2.6%. Belarus leads on all indexes, although there was a decrease there, too, especially in the first half of 2009. In Russia, the crisis was deeper, with an unfortunate tendency for chemical fibre production to decrease from year to year: in 2008, it was 18% lower in comparison to the preceding year, with an extremely low (almost postwar) volume of 121,000 tons/year. Many enterprises in the sector almost disappeared, production of viscose fibres and polyester staple fibre for textile applications almost totally stopped, and production of polyacrylonitrile and polypropylene fibres, and PA-6 textile and cord fibres dropped sharply. The development of production of nonwovens in the country was comforting. The revival around construction of new enterprises is still only apparent.     

Polypropylene fibres and yarns in the current state of development

Polypropylene (PP) production capacities in 2010 will exceed 60 million tons and by 2020, 90 million tons at an average annual growth rate of 8% in 2005–2010 and 4% in 2010–2020. Consumption of PP in 2010 will be 53 million tons, more than half of which will be in Asia, where 2/3 of production capacities are concentrated. World production of PP textile materials is slightly over 7 million tons, which is approximately 10% of natural and chemical fibres. Film fibres, staple fibre, carpet twist, and different kinds of nonwovens are the basic consumers of PP in the textile sector. In Russia, manufacture of PP for fibre applications is 7%, versus 11–12% in world practice. In 2007, production of PP fibres and yarns reached 24,300 tons (8.7% higher than the preceding year), and 56.4% was for manufacture of film fibres, 20.7% was for staple fibre, and 12.5% was for spunbond. Moscow Office of Coltech, Canada. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 3–8, September—October, 2008.     

Effect of Process Parameters on the Structure and Physicomechanical Properties of Nonwoven Materials Manufactured by Aerodynamic

The optimum design of nozzle devices that provide for maximum aerodynamic drawing and stable web formation in manufacture of fibre nonwovens from polymer solutions is selected. The effect of the specific viscosity of the spinning solution on the diameter of the fibres in the nonwoven material is assessed. The conditions of manufacturing fibre materials of sufficiently high strength consisting of fibres of minimum diameter are determined.     

Production and use of polypropylene fibres and yarn

World production of PP fibres in 2004 was approximately 6.3 million tons, including 2.1 million tons of film fibres. The total consumption of PP fibres, including spunbond/meltblown, on the European continent increased by 2.5% in 2004, reaching 2.4 million tons. In the near future, expansion of use of PP fibres for production of nonwovens is projected. The world market capacity will increase by 2008 to 3.55 million tons, including up to 1.0 million tons in North American countries. A wide assortment of PP products in the form of films, ribbons, fibrillized materials, staple fibre, complex yarns, spunbond, meltblown, etc., for manufacturing bags, soft containers, agrotextiles, packaging, cables, carpets, hygienic and medical goods, etc., has been developed. __________ Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 3–7, September–October, 2006.     

World production and consumption of polyester fibres and yarn. Status and prospects for the Russian market

Progress has been observed in PET synthesis technology and production and use of PES textile and industrial yarn and staplefibre, particularly for creating nonwovens by the melt and textile methods. In CIS countries, Belarus companies are the leaders in production of chemical, primarily PES, fibres and yarn. The situation in the domestic chemical fibre and yarn industry is negatively assessed, as production is dropping from year to year and consumption is increasing because of imports. Small PES fibre capacities are functioning in many textile enterprises, while only the Tver’-Poliefir plant, which manufactures textured PES fibres, is operating normally. At the same time, 93% of the PET in the country is consumed for molding bottles, foretelling a lag behind the West where natural polymers are increasingly used for this purpose. __________ Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 3–8, September–October, 2007.     

Retrospective Analysis of the Status of Textile Stock in 2001

World production of textile stock in 2001 dropped for the first time in recent years. Manufacture of chemical fibres decreased by 1.2%, including synthetic fibres by 1%. China was the leader and capacities were cut in Western and Eastern Europe, the USA, South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, and Thailand. The share of polyester fibres in the world balance of textile stock increased to 67%, and manufacture and expansion of the assortment of polypropylene fibres, Spanbond, etc., increased.     

Chemical fibres — An important factor in economic development

1997 set a record for the past 20 years in the growth rate of world production of chemical fibres and filaments. In comparison to 1996, this figure, was 11%, primarily due to synthetic fibres, where polyester fibres still occupy the leading position (approximately 15 million tons). Production of cellulose (viscose, acetate, cuprammonium) fibres and filaments dropped, especially for industrial applications. The greatest changes occurred in Asia and the Far East, whose share was more than 60% of world production of chemical fibres, and the growth rates were three times higher than in Western Europe. The volume of fibres produced in Eastern Europe and CIS countries, including Russia, as previously was far from the 1990 level, 3–6 times lower. China moved into first place among manufacturers of chemical fibres, with 860 industrial installations out of the 2000 operating in the world today. Polyester fibres and filaments predominantly developed, and their production volume is planned to increase to 2.5 million tons by the year 2000, and on the whole, production and consumption of these fibres in Asia for this period will exceed 80% of the total production volume of all synthetic fibres (except for polypropylene). High capacities are also characteristic of the countries in this region — 85% on average, while it is even higher in South Korea, Taiwan, and China, 90–95%. Of the new generation of chemical fibres, polypropylene fibres, which have moved into second position in the world, the highly elastic fibre Spandex, and the “Lyocell”, produced by ecologically clean technology, with a predicted industrial output of 300,000 tons/year by 2005, are developing rapidly. In world consumption of textile raw material for 1990–2000, the share of cotton has been continuously decreasing (from 48.7 to 42.2%), while the share of synthetic fibres is increasing (from 39 to 48.3%). The highest demand is for the latter so that the production capacity will increase to 31.5 million tons by 2000 and production could attain 25.4 million tons. The share of fibres for manufacture of clothing will decrease, while the proportion used in the domestic and industrial sector will increase. Countries which do not follow the path of selling raw materials but are engaged in more refined processing and exportation of finished goods will economically benefit from this market based on China’s current experience. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 3–12, September–October, 1998.     

Fibres and Fabrics with Lasting Scent. Immobilization of Fragrant Alcohols on the Surface of Fibres

A method for fabrication of fibres and nonwovens with lasting scent and an effective method of autoadhesive bonding of fibres in nonwovens with a small amount, 0.25-0.30 wt. %, of polydimethylvinyl(alkoxy)silazanes that eliminates use of 30-40 wt. % traditional binders are developed. New organosilicon modifiers of fibres and fabrics are synthesized — polydimethylvinyl(alkoxy)siloxazanes containing a fixed amount of isobutoxy, beta;-phenylethoxy, -phenylpropenyloxy, and cyclogeraniolyloxysilyl groups capable of giving the materials a lasting scent that persists after laundering.     

International Conference on Chemical Fibres. Chemical Fibres: Present and Future. Look at the Next Century. Part 2

The trends in the development of chemical fibre production processes are analyzed and the general characteristics of the change in their manufacture as a function of the fundamental determining factors are found. The characteristics of chemical fibre production processes and subsequent treatments are examined and the possibilities of optimizing and intensifying existing technologies and improving the properties of the fibres by physical and chemical modification are demonstrated. Fibre formation in nature and industry is compared. The possibilities of creating new fibre production technologies, using methods of bionics in particular, are demonstrated. The development of the raw-material base for chemical fibres, including finding new sources of raw materials, is evaluated. The development of alternative principles for spinning chemical fibres and new technologies and types of fibres should be expected: production of fibres of the Lyocell type by dissolving cellulose in organic solvents will solve the problem of development of hydrated cellulose fibres, which is important due to the gradual decrease in production of viscose fibres; creation of fibres based on synthetic polypeptides of the fibroin type and production of chemical fibres @mdash; close analogs of natural silk and cobwebs; use of the principles of bionics based on synthesis of regular block-copolymers of defined structure which allow regulating the properties of the fibres by their self-organization. Use of water as a solvent will allow creating @ldquo;environmentally clean@rdquo; fibre production processes. The development of polyvinyl alcohol fibre production is due to the creation of new methods of synthesis of polyvinyl alcohol. Water is also the basic component of solvents of synthetic polypeptides. New, alternative raw-material sources based on synthesis of monomers from atmospheric components (carbon dioxide, nitrogen) and water, biotechnological processes, growth of highly productive cellulose-containing crops, and others are becoming important for ensuring increasing chemical fibre production volumes.     

World production and use of polypropylene fibres and thread. A review

The existence of sources of accessible and inexpensive raw material has caused the turbulent development of PP fibres and thread. At present, they occupy third place in the world in production volume, after polyamide and polyester fibres and yarns, and could be in first place by 2000 based on the production growth rates. The cause of this rapid development is the relatively simple and ecologically “clean” technology and low production costs. Industrial production of PP fibres and thread is still concentrated in Western Europe, the US, and Japan, where 70% of all PP is produced. In the 1990s, the proportion began to decrease due to production in developing countries in South America, Asia, and Africa. Since the mid-1980s, PP fibre and yarn production capacity has increased, while the development of production capacities for film fibres and monofilaments has virtually stabilized. The areas of application of PP fibres and yarns are determined by their properties. Carpet manufacture is the largest and most developed area of their use. In the future, PP fibres and thread could move to first place in production of carpets, outstripping polyamide fibres; this could be due to the appearance of BSF PP yarns from DuPont (USA) on the world market. The increase in the market for PP floor coverings is related to their use in the automobile industry. Nonwovens from PP fibres are used in both the home and in industry (construction, agriculture, automobile, furniture, and shoe industries, etc.). Development of sanitary and hygienic nonwovens made of PP fibres has increased. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 3–13, September–October, 1997.     

Still no crisis for polyester fibres

In 2008, world production of polyester (PES) fibres dropped by an insignificant 1.5%, to 30.65 million tons, in comparison to other types of textile raw materials. This includes 18.6 million tons (—0.5%) for complex (industrial, cord, and textile, including textured) fibres and 12.1 million tons (—3.0%) for twist and staple fibre. The sharp drop in PES fibre production occurred in all regions of the world except for China, where production increased by 4%. In CIS, Belarus’ dominated in production of PES fibres, but there, too, production decreased by 2%, including staple fibre and twist by 4% at Mogilevkhimvolokno. Svetlogorsk Khimvolokno IA is operating successfully, manufacturing approximately 28,000 tons of textile fibre in 2008 (+12.3%). Only an increase in production of staple fibre from recycled bottles, primarily earmarked for production of nonwovens, was observed, while production decreased in the other sectors.     

Status and Prospects for Development of Polyacrylonitrile Fibre Production. A Review

Sixty years of experience in manufacture of fibres from acrylonitrile polymers and copolymers suggest favorable prospects for the development of this kind of textile stock. The characteristics of the primary and supermolecular structure of this class of fibre-forming polymers, the ability to widely vary the methods of converting them into the viscous-flow state, and the methods of spinning, orientational drawing, modification and thermal fixation treatments form the technological base for creation of PAN fibres with defined properties. The basic trends in scientific and technical progress in development of production (volumes and assortment) of PAN fibres are: increasing the unit capacities for production of large-tonnage assortments of fibres while minimizing power and materials consumption; creating multivariant production lines to manufacture fibres for special applications and with specific performance characteristics; increasing the economy of production while minimizing environmental pressure. The important prospects for expanding the areas of application of PAN fibres are due to the reactivity of the functional groups in the polymer substrate. Industrial implementation of technologies based on polymer-analog transformations will allow creating new kinds of materials for use in industry, agriculture, and construction and for data collection, storage, and transfer.     

World chemical fibre and thread production in 2003

Almost 63 million tons of natural and chemical fibres was manufactured in the world in 2003, 1.8 million tons or 2.4% more than in 2002, 9.9 kg per person. World chemical fibre and thread production increased by 2.5% to 30.8 million tons, with synthetic fibres increasing by 2.2%, up to 28.5 million tons, and cellulose fibres rising by 6.8%, to 2.3 million tons. Polyester fibres are still the leader among all types of natural and chemical fibres; production in 2003 rose by almost 7.2%, or 1.7 million tons, and reached 22.3 million tons; PP fibres in a wide assortment and different applications came out in second place. The advances in PES fibre production and processing technology are due to revamping of existing units for hydrolysis of DMT for manufacturing TPA, the search for efficient waste utilization methods, the appearance of new PES fibres from PTT, PBT, PE, etc. The development of PET for bottles is not a priority in this area. In Russia, the structure of chemical fibre and thread manufacture (primarily by sharply increasing the share of PES fibres) should be fundamentally changed to satisfy the needs of the domestic textile industry.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 6, pp. 60–73, November–December, 2004.     

Trends and Changes in World Production of Chemical Fibres. An Analytical Review. Part 1. Trends in the Evolution of World Chemical Fibre Economic Structure

Data on manufacture of chemical fibres in the world, Russia, and CIS countries are reported. The characteristics of the evolution of chemical fibre production are analyzed. The processes that take place in the world chemical fibre economic structure are described — differentiation, integration, globalization, and geographic regionalization.     

Fireproof viscose fibres

A modifying bath composition was developed for manufacture of fireproof viscose fibres used for fabrication of textiles with a fireproofing effect and resistant to laundering. The existence of a chemical reaction in the viscose fibre (VF)—Pyrofax (PF) system was demonstrated and the mechanism of action of PF in thermoly sis and combustion was determined. Multicomponent bath compositions were developed for manufacturing fibres with high oxygen indexes and a high yield of carbonized residue which can be promising as reinforcing systems in creation of PCM and for fabrication of carbon fibres. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 4, pp. 37–39, July–August, 1998.     

苯乙烯的生产现状及技术进展

主要介绍了2012年国内外苯乙烯的生产和市场情况,其中包括产能、产量、进出口量及表观消费量等,并对苯乙烯的市场发展趋势进行了分析和预测;同时介绍了2012年苯乙烯的科研开发及技术进展情况。     

Maximum allowable concentrations of substances used in viscose fibre manufacture in fish husbandry reservoirs

Conclusions The effect of surface-active agents, modifiers, and toxic and harmful substances which are widely used in the manufacture of viscose yarns and fibres (HFA, PEG-35, Fenoksol bis-15, Preparation 355, LPS, Avirol', VAP-1, and Sintoks-7) on the chemical composition of water has been established.The effect of the investigated preparations on hydrobionites of water reservoirs has been investigated; these included bacterioplankton, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and benthic organisms; the effect on roe, larvae, and sturgeon young was also investigated. Threshold concentrations of the preparations have been established.Maximum allowable concentrations for water in fish husbandry reservoirs have been established and authorized for the preparations used in the manufacture of viscose fibres and yarns.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 16–17, September–October, 1988.     

The Search for Effective New Dyes for Chemical Fibres

Promising new approaches to manufacture of dyes for chemical fibres based on colored compounds of natural origin and products of chemical modification of trinitrotoluene (Trotil) and trinitrobenzene are demonstrated. Synthesis of dyes that protect textile materials from biodamage based on incorporation of pharmacophoric groups in the molecule is described.__________Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 2, pp. 5–9, March–April, 2005.     

束状超细纤维聚氨酯合成革的特性与制法

简要介绍了束状超细纤维聚氨酯合成革的特性与制法,包括束状超细纤维、高密度三维无纺布、开式微孔结构PU基布等制造方法,并与天然皮革性能作比较。