C/C复合材料压缩破坏的应变率效应研究

研究了碳布叠层/碳复合材料在四种不同应变率下的压缩性能, 对其在准静态、动态载荷下的压缩破坏机理进行了初步的探讨. 研究结果表明: C/C复合材料的压缩破坏强度具有较强的应变率效应, 与准静态(10^-4/s)相比, 复合材料的动态(1.5×10²/s)压缩强度可提高70%左右; 复合材料在准静态、动态载荷下力学性能的差异可归结为纤维与基体界面特性的应变率效应以及不同应变率下破坏模式的不同.     

三维针刺C/C复合材料面内压缩失效行为研究

通过研究三维针刺C/C复合材料面内压缩失效行为,发现应力-应变行为包括起始段的非线性滞弹性、线弹性、非线性损伤及应力下降失效4个阶段,循环加载-卸载实验表明线弹性阶段应力-应变行为的重复性好,而非线性损伤阶段则与加载历程有关。面内压缩失效主要是端部分层脱粘和分层劈裂,受纤维/基体界面结合强度影响较大。     

三维C/C复合材料的压缩性能及破坏机制

采用扫描电镜、激光共聚焦显微镜观察和力学性能测定的方法,研究了三维C/C复合材料微观结构形貌,以及材料x向、y向和z 向的压缩性能。结果表明,材料内部缺陷明显,纤维束/基体界面结合较弱,材料z向压缩强度和破坏应变均大于x向和y向,压缩应力-应变曲线开始阶段近似线性,随着载荷的增加,曲线表现出明显的非线性特征。从宏观上考察了材料的压缩破坏机制,材料x向、y向和z向破坏模式均为剪切型破坏,纤维/基体界面结合强度对破坏模式影响明显。     

C/C复合材料销钉准静态和动态剪切性能

根据复合材料销钉剪切试验的需要,设计剪切试验装置.利用电子万能试验机和落槌冲击试验系统完成C/C复合材料销钉在准静态和动态加载工况下的面内剪切力学性能试验,并通过SEM试验系统分析其剪切失效模式和失效机制.结果表明:C/C复合材料销钉抗剪切强度具有明显的应变率效应,随着加载速率的增加,其抗剪切强度显著提高;C/C复合材...     

压缩载荷下碳/环氧复合材料的动力学响应行为

以铺层顺序为[45/0/-45/00-45/90/0]s的新型碳纤维增强改性环氧树脂复合材料为研究对象,采用分离式Hopkinson(SHPB)压杆装置为加载手段,在高速冲击载荷条件下,对复合材料层合板在厚度方向和平面内纵向的动态压缩性能进行实验研究,分别得到在四种不同应变率下的应力一应变关系;并借助SEM对复合材料断口损伤形貌进行表征.结果表明:在高应变率条件下,层合板厚度方向的动态压缩强度及失效应变明显大于平面内加载方向;基体开裂、分层及剪切断裂是复合材料在动态压缩条件下的主要损伤及断裂模式.     

二维C/SiC复合材料准静态和动态拉伸力学性能

采用分离式Hopkinson拉杆装置和电子万能试验机研究了二维C/SiC复合材料在4种应变率（0.001、0.010、90.000和350.000 s-1）下的拉伸力学性能,计算并验证了动态试验中的应力平衡状态;采用SEM分析了复合材料在不同应变率下的破坏断口和失效机制;建立了复合材料包含损伤和应变率相关的本构方程。结果表明:二维C/SiC复合材料的应力-应变曲线都表现出非线性的特征。随着应变率的增加,二维C/SiC复合材料的拉伸强度从204 MPa增加到270 MPa,增加了33%,这表明复合材料的拉伸强度具有较强的应变率敏感性。复合材料在准静态和动态加载下表现出不同的破坏模式是由材料内部界面行为的应变率效应造成的。      

三维机织碳/碳复合材料双轴压缩载荷下的力学行为

基于三维机织碳/碳复合材料的细观结构特征, 设计平板十字形试样, 在材料双轴力学性能试验机上开展了复合材料单轴、 双轴加载压缩试验, 对比分析了三维机织碳/碳复合材料在双轴压缩载荷下的力学行为。研究表明: 三维机织碳/碳复合材料的压缩行为表现为非线性、 脆性断裂; 双轴载荷作用下非线性特征更为显著, 压缩模量随应力的增加而增大, 强度与模量相较于单轴有较大幅度增加, 双轴压缩载荷作用下材料的强化效应显著; 试样破坏位置并未出现在试样中心区, 而是发生在试样的加载端部或十字形试样的加载分枝根部, 主要表现为基体开裂、 纤维断裂和层间脱粘, 碳布及其层间界面剪切强度的强弱直接影响材料的压缩强度。     

平纹机织玻璃纤维增强复合材料面内压缩力学行为及破坏机制

为了研究平纹机织玻璃纤维复合材料SW200/LWR-2 的面内压缩力学性能并建立其本构模型, 对其进行了应变率为0. 001 s-1 、0. 1 s-1 、500 s-1 , 温度从- 55 ℃到100 ℃范围内的面内压缩实验研究。动态压缩实验在SHPB 装置上进行, 通过波形整形器实现了恒定应变率加载, 且经过验证试样两端应力平衡。实验结果表明, SW200/ LWR-2 复合材料性能具有明显的应变率敏感性及温度敏感性, 其强度随着应变率的升高而增大, 随着温度的升高而减小。对破坏后试样进行宏观及微观观察发现, 准静态加载时试样为剪切破坏, 伴随大量纤维束内脱粘和纤维拔出; 动态加载时试样为剪切破坏与分层破坏并存, 并出现大量碎屑, 纤维束为整束剪断, 束内脱粘受到抑制。根据损伤力学理论, 建立了SW200/ LWR-2 复合材料应变率及温度相关面内压缩损伤统计本构模型, 本构模型结果与实验结果吻合较好。      

动态冲击损伤对炭/炭复合材料压缩行为的影响

本文在利用split Hopkinson pressure bar装置对碳毡增强的炭/炭(C/C)复合材料进行动态冲击损伤的基础上,利用CSS44000电子万能试验机测定了其冲击后的压缩性能,探讨了动态冲击损伤对C/C复合材料横向压缩破坏行为的影响。研究结果表明:C/C复合材料具有较强的抗动态冲击损伤能力;未受冲击损伤复合材料的压缩破坏具有剪切失效特征,而冲击损伤后其压缩破坏具有剪切与分层失效特征。     

高温下混凝土动态压缩行为细观数值研究

结合混凝土细观非均质性,考虑高温下细观组分力学性能退化效应及率效应的影响,建立了高温作用下混凝土动态压缩破坏行为及应变率效应研究的细观尺度数值分析模型。首先对混凝土热传导行为进行模拟,进而将\     

Compressive fracture behavior of 3D needle-punched carbon/carbon composites

Compressive fracture behavior under transverse and longitudinal compressive loading are determined for 3D needle-punched carbon/carbon (C/C) composites with single rough laminar (RL) pyrocarbon matrix or dual matrix of RL pyrocarbon and resin carbon. The results of Weibull statistics analysis indicate that scale parameter σ₀ of transverse and longitudinal compression of the composites with single matrix are 153.41 and 94.26 MPa, and σ₀ of the composites with dual matrix are 205.16 and 105.33 MPa, respectively. The mean compressive strength of both composites is nearly equal to σ₀ under each experimental condition. Failure modes of both composites under transverse and longitudinal compressive loading are shear and extension, respectively. Both composites exhibit quasi-ductile fracture behavior under transverse compression. Many small fragments of fibers and matrix carbon on the fracture surface of the composites are observed for single matrix composites. And the fiber bundle breakage with extensive debonding occurs for dual matrix composites. Under longitudinal loading, the composites with single matrix show quasi-ductile fracture behavior and delamination and splitting of non-woven long carbon fiber cloth layers are observed. The composites with dual matrix exhibit catastrophic failure behavior and crack runs through the composites along compressive loading direction.     

炭/炭复合材料高温力学行为研究

借助三点弯曲试验和扫描电镜观察,对层压结构C C(2D)、三维整体编织结构C C(3D)在高温1700℃及室温下的弯曲力学行为进行了研究,总结了各自性能及损伤破坏的特点。试验结果表明:3DC C以纤维断裂的形式发生弯曲破坏,其弯曲强度、模量均远大于2DC C;对于2DC C,其弯曲破坏模式为基体的层间开裂,材料性能在很大程度上受到炭基体以及界面状态的控制;C C复合材料在高温下弯曲力学性能大幅提高,强度增加幅度高达45%以上,模量增加幅度达15.3%;高温下界面粘结强度增加,导致3DC C的损伤破坏模式有所变化。     

Kinetics of chemical vapor infiltration of carbon nanofiber-reinforced carbon/carbon composites

Preforms containing 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt.% carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were fabricated by spreading layers of carbon cloth, and infiltrated by using the technique of isothermal chemical vapor infiltration (ICVI) at the temperature of 1100 °C under the total pressure of 1 kPa and with the flow of the mixture of propane/nitrogen in a ratio of 13:1. The infiltration rates increased with the rising of CNF content, and after 580 h of infiltration, the achievable degree of pore filling was the highest when the CNF content was 5 wt.%, but the composite could not be densified efficiently as the CNF content ranged from 10 to 20 wt.%. An analysis of the results, based on the effective diffusion coefficient and on the in-pore deposition rates, shows that the CNFs, due to their higher aspect ratio, accelerate overgrowth at pore entrances and thus lead to incomplete pore filling.     

Damage development in carbon/epoxy laminates under quasi-static and dynamic loading

The contrasting characteristics of damage evolution have been examined in a multidirectional carbon/epoxy composite laminate (IM7/8551-7) subjected to both quasi-static and dynamic loading. Our experiments were performed on bend-test bars that were loaded either in ‘supported' four-point bending or under ‘unsupported' conditions with a Hopkinson pressure bar to induce dynamic loading. We found differences in the damage that occurred in specimens loaded by the two techniques, in terms of the number of cracks and the length of the cracks. In the case of quasi-static loading, there were many matrix cracks within individual plies and only a few delamination cracks between plies; the maximum ratio of numbers of matrix to delamination cracks observed was 6:1. Despite their small number, the delamination cracks had a greater total length than the matrix cracks, and specimen failure occurred as a result of delamination crack propagation. During dynamic loading, the ratio between numbers of matrix and delamination cracks was 3:1, and in this case the ratio between the total crack lengths was unity. A quantitative assessment of damage induced during quasi-static bending was made from specimen stiffness results. Using simple beam theory and knowing the location of the damage, we correlated beam stiffness to the materials effective elastic modulus. We found that the composite's effective modulus decreased rapidly with small amounts of initial damage, but that subsequent increases in damage decreased the effective modulus at a much lower rate.     

炭/炭复合材料表面C/SiC/Si-Mo-Cr多层复合防氧化涂层研究(英文)

为提高炭/炭(C/C)复合材料的高温抗氧化性能,采用料浆涂刷法首先在C/C复合材料表面制备了预炭层,然后以Si粉及石墨粉(Si粉与石墨粉的质量配比为:60～80:10～25)为原材料采用包埋法经高温热处理获得C/SiC内涂层,最后在涂有C/SiC内涂层的C/C复合材料表面采用包埋法制备Si-Mo-Cr外涂层。借助扫描电镜、X射线衍射、电子能谱等分析测试手段对涂层试样的微观结构进行了分析,研究了涂层C/C复合材料在1 873 K和1 973 K下的氧化行为。结果表明:由于涂层氧化过程中表面生成了SiO2和Cr2O3复合玻璃层,其在1 873 K温度下表现出优异的防氧化性能,可以有效保护C/C复合材料达135 h。当氧化温度提高至1 973 K并氧化30 h后,该复合涂层氧化过程玻璃层完整性被破坏,涂层失效。     

炭/炭复合材料表面等离子体喷涂羟基磷灰石涂层的生物学性能

采用等离子体喷涂法在炭/炭复合材料基体上制备了羟基磷灰石涂层,并对所制材料开展体外模拟和试验.结果表明:在体外模拟生理环境的Ringer溶液中,涂层组成相随浸泡时间发生变化.涂层表面有新生羟基磷灰石结晶析出并聚集长大.骨内种植试验期间,动物末出现排异和炎症反应,涂层与基体结合良好.组织学观察发现,涂层与骨界面处有明显的组织改建和新骨形成形态.炭/炭复合材料表面等离子体喷涂羟基磷灰石涂层作为一种潜在的骨组织修复材料具有良好的应用前景.     

Study of the infiltration and mechanical behavior of C/C composites prepared by ECVI

Three kinds of preforms, chopped fibers/resin carbon, spreading layers of carbon cloth, and needle-pricked long fiber felt, were used in this study. The preforms were densified by using the electrified preform heating CVI method (ECVI), and infiltrated using natural gas. Initial thermal gradients were determined. Resistivity and density evolutions with infiltration time have been recorded. A tensile test was applied to investigate the influence of preform architecture on the tensile properties of the C/C composites. Results show that the architecture of preform strongly influences the uniformity of infiltration and fibers/matrix bonding. The samples prepared from using 1K plain carbon cloth have the smallest density variations with position (about 0.011 g/cm³), and possess the highest tensile strength and modulus, while the samples produced from chopped fibers/resin carbon possess the lowest tensile strength due to their strong interfacial bonding between resin carbon and carbon fibers and poor microstructure.     

Influence of grain size on wear behavior of SiC coating for carbon/carbon composites at elevated temperatures

To improve the wear performance of SiC coating for C/C composites at elevated temperatures, the grain was refined by adding small amounts of titanium, in the raw powders for preparing this coating. The related microstructure and mechanical characteristics were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy and nano-indention. The results show that the grain size of SiC coating decreased from ∼30 μm to ∼5 μm due to the addition of grain refiner. TiC formed by reacting titanium with graphite, can act as perfect heterogeneous nucleus for the nucleation and growth of β-SiC. The wear resistance and fracture toughness of SiC coating was improved by grain refinement. However, the increasing interfaces increased the friction resistance and resulted in the high friction coefficient of fine-grained coating at room temperature. As the temperature rose, oxides layer formed on the surface of fine-grained coating, which can reduce the adhesive wear and decrease the friction coefficient. The fine-grained coating exhibited relative low friction coefficient of ∼0.41 owing to a compact silica film formed on the worn surface at 600 °C, and the wear was dominated by plastic deformation and shear of silica film. The wear of coarse-grained coating was controlled by the fracture of SiC at high temperature.     

Preparation and microstructural evolution of carbon/carbon composites

Carbon/carbon (C/C) composites with characteristic matrix-crack pattern are key intermediate materials for preparation of carbon/silicon carbide (C/C–SiC) composites. The C/C composites were prepared by pyrolyzing carbon fiber/phenolic resin preform. The change of density, open porosity, mass loss and specially the microstructural evolution of the composites during pyrolysis at 200–900 °C was analyzed, which provided important information for preparation of C/SiC composites by infiltration of silicon. An increasing number of regular spacing cracks were formed above 400 °C. After pyrolysis at 900 °C, the pore volume was 0.17 cm³/g, and the pores in the radius range of 2.44–122.19 μm occupied 81% of the pore volume.     

脉冲FCVI制备炭/炭复合材料的微观结构及力学性能

采用脉冲强制流动热梯度化学气相渗透（IFCVI）法制备了毡基炭／炭复合材料。借助偏光显微镜及扫描电子显微镜观察了基体热解炭的微观组织结构及断口形貌特征；用弯曲实验测定了材料的力学性能。结果表明：采用脉冲FCVI，经1000℃～1250℃，100h致密化，2300℃热处理后，炭／炭复合材料的密度可达1．7g／cm^3，弯曲强度为125．4MPa，挠度为0．61mm。该工艺致密化速率快，所制备材料的密度分布均匀、力学性能好。研究表明，温度是影响材料组织结构的主要因素，高温条件下有利于粗糙层热解炭组织的生成，而低温有利于光滑层热解炭组织的生成，一般因沉积环境复杂多变，常得到混合型组织。