奥氏体变形对一种Cr-Mo双相钢连续冷却相变的影响

利用Gleeble 3500热模拟试验机对一种Cr-Mo双相钢进行了奥氏体未变形和变形两种条件下的连续冷却相变测定试验,获得了两种试验条件下的连续冷却相变CCT曲线。对比分析了两种试验条件下获得的组织和连续冷却相变曲线,探讨了奥氏体变形对Cr-Mo双相钢连续冷却相变的影响。结果显示,奥氏体区变形明显提升了铁素体相变开始温度和珠光体相变临界冷却速度,使CCT曲线向左上方移动,同时,奥氏体区变形促进了贝氏体及马氏体的形成。     

冷却工艺对热轧铁素体贝氏体双相钢组织与性能的影响

设计了一种低碳铁素体贝氏体双相钢,用Gleeble-3500热模拟机测定了该试验钢变形后的连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线,并对试验钢进行了控轧控冷试验,研究不同冷却工艺对试验钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明,变形后的CCT曲线分为铁素体转变区和贝氏体转变区。试验钢热轧后经不同冷却方式都能获得铁素体贝氏体双相组织。三段式冷却方式比两段式冷却得到的铁素体体积分数减少,晶粒尺寸更小。840 ℃终轧后水冷到690 ℃,空冷8 s左右,试验钢抗拉强度达到765 MPa,伸长率为20%,综合性能良好。     

卷取温度对700 MPa热轧双相钢组织和性能的影响

采用Gleeble-2000热模拟试验机研究了热轧双相钢在连续冷却过程中的相变行为和组织演变规律,并绘制了试验钢的动态连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线。根据动态CCT曲线,在实验室采用控轧控冷工艺制备了在4种不同温度卷取的700 MPa级热轧双相钢,通过光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射和拉伸试验对试验钢的组织和力学性能进行了观察和测试。结果表明:在300℃卷取的试验钢的力学性能最优,屈服强度为365 MPa,抗拉强度为696 MPa,断后伸长率为22. 5%,组织组成为典型的铁素体加马氏体双相组织,并含有3. 5%(体积分数)的残留奥氏体。     

含Nb微合金低碳钢奥氏体连续冷却转变行为

用MMS-300型热力模拟试验机研究了含铌微合金低碳钢奥氏体连续冷却过程的相变规律,用热膨胀法结合金相法建立了实验钢变形和未变形奥氏体的连续冷却转变曲线(CCT),研究了加速冷却和热变形对组织转变的影响。结果表明:同静态CCT曲线相比,实验钢的动态CCT曲线整体向左上方移动,随冷却速度的增大,γ→α相变开始温度逐渐降低;高温变形促进铁素体和珠光体相变,同时抑制了贝氏体相变,扩大了铁素体转变区;奥氏体变形对贝氏体转变有双重作用:当冷速较低时,变形抑制贝氏体相变;冷速较高时变形促进贝氏体相变。     

Q420qE钢形变奥氏体连续冷却转变研究

采用膨胀法在Gleeble-3500型热模拟试验机上测定了Q420qE桥梁钢以不同冷速连续冷却时的膨胀曲线,并结合显微组织观察和维氏硬度测量,绘制出了试验钢的形变奥氏体连续冷却转变曲线(CCT曲线)。研究表明,随着冷速的增加,试验钢的显微组织由铁素体+珠光体逐步转变为针状铁素体+粒状贝氏体;并初步确定试验钢两阶段变形后的控冷工艺窗口为5~10℃/s。在该冷速范围内,试验钢组织为由针状铁素体、粒状贝氏体和M-A岛构成的多相组织。     

钛微合金化高强钢的连续冷却相变规律

为了研究钛微合金化高强钢在连续冷却条件下的相变规律,通过热膨胀法及金相分析研究了低碳钢(C-Mn钢)和钛微合金钢(Ti钢)在连续冷却过程中的组织变化及过冷奥氏体的相变规律,分析了钛元素和变形对试验钢相变规律的影响,并讨论了连续冷却转变(CCT)与等温转变(TTT)曲线的关系。结果表明：随着冷速的增加,试验钢的主要相变组织由铁素体向贝氏体转变。在C-Mn钢中加入钛元素提高了过冷奥氏体的稳定性,抑制了铁素体和珠光体转变,促进了贝氏体转变;在奥氏体未再结晶区进行变形使试验钢的CCT曲线整体向左上方移动,提高了相变开始温度;变形提高了铁素体的形核率,促进了铁素体相变,铁素体组织得到细化;变形促进了贝氏体相变,使板条贝氏体变短,细化贝氏体组织。     

Mo元素对热轧双相钢DP600相变规律影响

采用热膨胀法结合金相法建立了两种主要成分为C-Si-Mn-Cr-Mo和C-Si-Mn-Cr双相钢的静态CCT曲线,分析了不同冷却速度对实验钢相变规律和组织变化规律的影响及微合金元素Mo对高强度热轧双相钢相变规律、组织和性能的影响。结果表明:合金元素Mo强烈阻碍先共析铁素体的析出,并且可以减小铁素体晶粒大小;Mo元素促使铁素体和贝氏体区分离,形成奥氏体亚稳区;Mo元素的加入提高了亚稳奥氏体的淬透性,有利于得到马氏体组织。经Mo微合金化后,实验钢的显微硬度增加100 MPa以上,Mo元素的细晶强化作用对提高热轧双相钢强度的效果明显。     

Q460C钢连续冷却转变规律研究

利用热膨胀法并结合金相-硬度法在热膨胀仪和Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机上测定了Q460C钢的未变形和变形条件下的连续冷却转变曲线.测定了转变后组织的维氏硬度,随冷速的提高,组织硬度增大.两种CCT曲线上均有铁素体区(F)、珠光体区(P)、贝氏体区(B)和马氏体区(M).变形使CCT曲线向左上方移动,提高了奥氏体冷却转变开始温度,随冷速加大提高得越多.变形扩大了F和P区,缩小了B和M区.与不含铌的16Mn钢的CCT曲线对比,分析了铌对连续冷却转变规律的影响.     

钼对热轧双相钢相变规律和生产工艺的影响

通过比较C-Si-Mn-Cr-Mo和C-Si-Mn-Cr两种实验钢的连续冷却转变曲线,分析了合金元素Mo对热轧双相钢连续冷却过程相变规律和组织演变的影响,探讨了Mo对热轧双相钢生产工艺的影响.结果表明,Mo元素降低贝氏体开始转变温度,促使奥氏体亚稳区的形成,还可以强烈阻碍铁素体的转变过程,略微减小铁素体晶粒尺寸,并且提高实验钢的显微硬度.这两种实验钢通过合适的生产工艺均可以用来生产热轧双相钢.     

Nb、V、N微合金化热轧TRIP钢的动态连续冷却相变

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟机测定了C-Si-Mn-Nb、C-Si-Mn-Nb-V、C-Si-Mn-Nb-V-N这3种成分热轧TRIP钢在变形后以不同速率冷却时的热膨胀数据,结合不同冷速下的显微组织,绘制3种成分热轧TRIP钢动态CCT曲线。结果表明:C-Si-Mn-Nb与C-Si-MnNb-V试验钢在冷速大于30℃/s后,几乎没有铁素体生成,基体组织主要是贝氏体和马氏体;而C-Si-Mn-Nb-V-N试验钢当冷速达到60℃/s仍然可见细小的铁素体,并且多分布在奥氏体的三叉界和晶界处。与C-Si-Mn-Nb和C-Si-Mn-Nb-V试验钢的动态CCT曲线相比,随着冷速的增大,C-Si-Mn-Nb-V-N试验钢铁素体相区左移,贝氏体相区变小。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。