厌氧折流板反应器处理硝基苯废水的研究

采用厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)中温处理硝基苯废水,研究了工艺条件和硝基苯的降解特点。试验结果表明：在进水COD．质量浓度为2088mg／L,硝基苯质量浓度为16．8mg／L,水力停留时间(HRT)为24h条件下,ABR能有效地处理硝基苯废水,COD去除率为86．4％,硝基苯去除率为91．1％;在厌氧条件下,硝基苯降解为苯胺,但苯胺很难再进一步分解;硝基苯的去除历程推断为先吸附后分解。     

含硝基苯及其衍生物染料废水的处理

采用铁炭微电解—过氧化氢氧化还原法处理含硝基苯、硝基苯胺类的染料废水。实验探索了电解时间、pH值、氧化剂投加量和氧化反应时间对废水COD去除率的影响，以确定最佳工艺条件。     

络合萃取技术在苯胺-硝基苯废水处理中的应用研究

选用20％三烷基胺-80％加氢煤油作为萃取剂，进行四级萃取实验，探讨络合萃取技术处理苯胺-硝基苯废水工业化的可能性。实验结果表明，采用三烷基胺-加氢煤油混合溶剂对苯胺-硝基苯废水进行萃取，具有相当高的COD脱除率。     

某紫外线吸收剂UV-P厂废水处理工程实例

紫外线吸收剂UV-P生产过程中产生的高浓度难降解有机废水,主要包含挥发酚、苯胺类和硝基苯等污染因子,其中HAB原母液废水与中和后的还原母液废水先通过铁、炭微电解,Feton氧化预处理,提高其可生化性能,再与HAB洗涤水、清洗设备地面水和生活污水混合后经过"UASB+AO+生物滤池"生化工艺处理设施。其出水水质达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)表4中一级标准,工程调试结果显示,COD、苯胺类、硝基苯、挥发酚平均去除率分别达97.3%、95.9%、94.8%、99.5%,在技术和经济上是可行的。     

铁碳微电解+水解酸化+BAF工艺处理苯胺废水

江西某企业主要生产N-取代苯胺类系树脂促进剂,产生的废水含较高浓度的COD和苯胺类化合物,难生物降解,单一的生化处理工艺难以达到排放标准。采用铁碳微电解+混凝沉淀+水解酸化+BAF组合工艺处理苯胺类生产废水,运行结果表明:系统运行稳定,COD总去除率为97.6%,苯胺总去除率为99.6%,出水COD≤100 mg/L,苯胺≤1 mg/L,出水达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》一级排放标准。工艺处理成本为2.68元/m3。     

催化氧化-絮凝沉淀处理橡胶助剂废水工程实例

针对橡胶助剂废水的特点,利用催化氧化-絮凝沉淀工艺对废水进行处理。工程运行结果显示,催化氧化-絮凝沉淀工艺对橡胶助剂废水具有较好的处理效果。该工艺对COD的总去除率达92.6%,苯胺类的总去除率达98.6%。污水处理站出水能够满足《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978-1996）二级标准要求。     

对Fenton试剂处理有机废水的研究

这是一种非常有效地处理有机废水的方法，它对处理含烷基苯磺酸盐、酚、界面活性剂、水溶性高分子的废水效果很好。本文以含有对甲氧基苯胺的水样为例，说明水样COD去除率可达到80％以上。     

柱撑膨润土对化工废水的处理研究

对膨润土进行无机柱撑、有机柱撑改性，改性膨润土应用于化工废水处理，探讨了絮凝剂用量、pH值等最佳使用条件。结果表明改性膨润土应用于化工废水处理，无机改性膨润土COD去除率最高为55．4％。单纯使用有机柱撑膨润土处理LG废水，效果不好，COD去除率最高仅为38．5％。AlCl3和Al2(SO4)3与有机柱撑膨润土联用，能明显提高废水COD的去除率，而且Al2(SO4)3的效果好于AlCl3的效果，COD的去除率达到75．6％，令人满意。     

化学氧化法处理含间硝基苯磺酸钠的退镀废水

分别采用次氯酸钠、Fenton氧化处理含间硝基苯磺酸钠的退镀废水,探讨了二者对退镀废水COD、色度、硝基苯类和苯胺类的去除效果,以及Fenton预处理对电镀废水处理系统的影响.结果表明,次氯酸钠对硝基苯类、苯胺类基本无去除效果,Fenton预处理过程中,HO·首先氧化去除EDTA、柠檬酸钠等有机物,而后再去除硝基苯类和...     

新型复合混凝剂PAC-PDMDAAC在印染废水处理中的应用

采用PAC-PDMDAAC无机有机复合混凝剂对印染废水进行混凝脱色处理，探索了药剂投加量、原水的pH、沉淀时间和搅拌时间对脱色率和COD去除率的影响。实验表明：PAC-PDMDAAC处理印染废水，对降低废水中的化学需氧量、色度具有显著效果，COD去除率为67．4％，脱色率为50．4％。处理效果优于PAC，略低于PDMDAAC。     

Treatment and operation cost analysis of greywater by electrocoagulation and comparison with coagulation process in mining areas

Electrocoagulation process is a new and developing method that has been employed significantly to remove pollutants from wastewater. In this research the electrocoagulation process has been examined for the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, hardness, and organic matter from greywater. An economical comparison has been implemented between electrocoagulation and coagulation processes near the mining areas. The results demonstrate that the electrode type and operation time have a significant impact on the removal of COD, turbidity, and hardness. The least operating cost to remove organic matters is ~US$ 0.04 m^?3 for the iron electrode. Since the least operating cost was US$ 0.09 m^?3 in coagulation process, economically, the electrocoagulation process in comparison with the coagulation process is a more effective process.     

Treatment of tannery wastewater through the combination of a conventional activated sludge process and reverse osmosis with a plane membrane

Tannery wastewater contains high concentrations of organic matter (COD) with a significant percentage of refractory organic compounds, ammonium substances, salts (i.e. chloride and sulphate) as well as sulphur. Contaminants have to be removed in order to avoid significant environmental impacts. This paper presents the results obtained from a pilot scale study developed in the tannery district of Solofra in Southern Italy. It was aimed at evaluating the reuse of wastewater produced in the retanning process. The treatment process consisted of a biological treatment, as a pre-treatment, followed by a physico-chemical process (with a polymer as a coagulant) and reverse osmosis with a plane membrane. The biological pre-treatment was able to remove approx. 67% of COD, while the membrane system completed the purification process with the removal of the refractory organic compounds (chloride and sulphate). In the test carried out, the combination of a biological pre-treatment with a plane membrane system showed satisfactory results in terms of wastewater recovery and reuse in the tannery production cycle.     

Simultaneous treatment of semiconductor wastewater and distillery slops by mixing and precipitation/coagulation

Organic matter (chemical oxygen demand, COD) removal with decolorization in waste distillery slops and copper removal in a semiconductor industry wastewater were achieved in a single step mixing and precipitation/coagulation treatment system. The process utilized the complementary properties of the positively charged copper ions in semiconductor wastewater and net negative charge of melanoidin (organic chromophoric pollutant) in distillery slops to mutually neutralize each other. Copper ions served as coagulant for slops and melanoidin served as precipitant for copper. The volumetric ratio of the wastewater and pH were optimized to attain maximum removal of organic matter and copper. The optimum volumetric ratio for the evaluated semiconductor wastewater to distillery slops was found to be 2–3 with an equilibrium pH of around pH 6. At optimum conditions, average removals of COD and copper were 86% and 92%, respectively, in an actual and undiluted system. Decolorization efficiency using the diluted distillery slops was 89%. The process can be considered an effective pretreatment procedure for simultaneous gross removal of copper and color/COD, particularly in highly concentrated waste streams. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

汽提塔在PET装置中的应用

介绍了用汽提法处理PET装置工艺废水的原理。从工艺流程、控制、燃烧值计算等方面,讲述了汽提塔在PET装置中的应用。通过汽提塔的处理,可将酯化废水的COD质量浓度降至3 500 mg/L,降低了PET废水处理成本,同时又将提取出的有机物作为燃料引入锅炉燃烧,既节能又环保。     

UASB反应器处理啤酒废水

啤酒是世界性的饮料,但每生产1 t啤酒也会产生约10~20 t废水。文章设计使用UASB反应器法处理含高浓度有机物的啤酒废水,能有效地去除废水中的BOD和COD,去除率达到80%以上,啤酒废水经此工艺处理,最终达到出水水质要求。     

ABR-活性污泥法在制糖废水处理中的工程应用

制糖废水主要含有大量的有机物,COD和BOD浓度较高,同时还含有氮、磷、钾元素。采用ABR-活性污泥法工艺对其进行处理,ABR对COD去除率达到65%左右,出水COD为65 mg/L左右,直接运行费用为1.25元/m3。     

多阶段曝气SBR法处理淀粉废水

采用多阶段曝气SBR法处理模拟淀粉废水,研究温度和缺氧曝气时间比对处理效果的影响。结果表明,SBR法在室温下就能高效地处理淀粉废水。多阶段SBR法中的缺氧反应可以促进淀粉水解酸化成小分子有机酸,提高了废水的可生化性,但对COD的去除不明显;曝气反应对COD的去除起主要作用。水解／好氧时间比的设置应由废水性质来决定。对于处理淀粉浓度6．0gm、相应COD值为6690mg／L的废水,“4h搅拌＋8h曝气”组合是最高效的,反应24h,COD去除率高达96．8％,出水COD仅215mg／L;而对于处理淀粉浓度8．0g/L、相应COD值为8920mg／L的废水,“6h搅拌＋12h曝气”组合是最高效的。只需处理30h,COD去除率高达94．4％,出水COD仅547mg／L。     

铁屑微电解与除磷工艺耦合预处理分散式白酒酿造废水试验研究

分散式白酒酿造废水具有高有机物浓度、高浊、高磷等特点,不利于后续生物处理。本研究采用铁屑微电解法,对该废水进行去除较高的COD、SS、磷的预处理实验。探讨了不同铁屑投加量、铁炭比、以及pH、反应时间对COD、浊度、磷去除效果的影响。研究表明,铁屑微电解处理酿酒废水静态小试最佳处理条件为：进水pH值为4,铁屑用量5%,常温下反应60 min,COD去除率为52.31%。当铁炭比为2：1时,去除效果较好,能达到54.53%。     

The influence of influent distribution and blood content of slaughterhouse wastewater on the performance of an anaerobic fixed‐film reactor

This paper evaluates the performance of a laboratory‐scale anaerobic fixed‐film reactor (AFFR) with arranged media treating slaughterhouse wastewater. The reactor was operated at 20 °C, its organic loading rate was increased from 1.8 to 9.2 kg COD m^?3 d^?1, and it had a short hydraulic residence time (5–9 h). The influence of wastewater concentrations on its performance was studied by artificially increasing the blood content of the wastewater. The efficiency of the removal of organic matter decreased from 70% to 54% as the superficial velocity increased from 0.12 to 0.97 m h^?1, due mainly to distribution defects, as had been confirmed experimentally by tracer tests. The kinetics of the anaerobic processes was limited by substrate availability, even at high COD concentrations (between 700 and 1100 mg dm^?3) due to a high content of slowly biodegradable and inert compounds present in the wastewater from the slaughterhouse. It was observed that a large amount of the organic matter had accumulated inside the reactor instead of being removed by methanogenic digestion. Furthermore, the fraction of organic matter held inside the reactor varied significantly in relation to the blood content of the wastewater. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

臭氧化降解呋吗唑酮模拟废水的实验研究

对极难生物降解性呋吗唑酮模拟废水进行了臭氧化处理研究,考察了臭氧进气量、pH、HO·清除剂的消除、臭氧投加量、废水初始浓度、催化剂等对反应的影响,并对反应动力学进行了初步探讨。在持续强碱性溶液中,臭氧自分解产生HO·,能快速且无选择性地氧化呋吗唑酮为二氧化碳、水、氮气及少量小分子有机醛和酸,在模拟废水质量浓度为500mg/L,最佳pH12.8,臭氧投加量2g/L,BOD5/CODCr>0.3时,可生化性显著提高;臭氧投加量6g/L时,脱色率达100%,CODCr和TOC去除率分别达到95.9%和95.2%,水中有机物基本完全矿化。