Photographs from Auschwitz

Abstract

Photographs, albums, families. Many psychotherapists ask their patients to bring in their family albums to discover a new, sharper point of view of the family, its structure and dependencies. Many times we ask friends to show us their family photo album to get to know them better. Sometimes we ourselves look at our own family photo album and all of a sudden we see details we have not yet noticed: a smile, a look, a sign.     

Preservation of Photographs

Photogrophs ore susceptible to degradation (rom many sources. Attock on the imoge or bose can occur (rom residual processing chemicals. industrial atmospheric pollutants, contaminants (rom storage area construction materials or (rom the materials used (or mounting and containing the pictures. Degradation (rom poor processing can be detected with simple chemical tests. Until more becomes known about the many products normally associated with the preservation o( photographs, one should avoid using in the storage area fresh point, raw woods and volatile substances, and near or on the photographs avoid adhesives, plastics and poor quality papers. Regardless o( the preservation technique used it is help(ul to remember that the storage li(e of photographs can be extended by slowing down chemical activity. This can be achieved by care(ul control a( storage temperature and relative humidity (60 references).     

Photographs of the great game

Abstract

Since the discovery of photography, the camera has been a silent witness at countless theatres of war, presenting a story that is ofteh as objective as any written account. The conflicts in the Crimea and in India in the 1850s were the first to allow the photographer an opportunity to report publicly on the progress of a war. Given the developments in photographic techniques, however, the camera still lagged some distance behind the main action and was usually relegated to documneting the carnage left in the wake of a victorious force. Omar Khan's book tells many stories, but perhaps the most presistent and enthralling is the journey of the photographer from the back of the army, straught into the frontline in Afghanistan. The story is surprisingly emotional, as a thrilling narrative of tribal war and the history of the British Raj are interwoven into the lives of two relatively forgotten men who devoted theri lives to photography.     

Optical Processing of Bubble Chamber Photographs

Purely optical methods of spatial pulse width coding for coherent optical densitometry are described. The proposed coding scheme correlates the image intensity with the orientation of one edge of triangular or trapezoidal pulses. One encoding technique employs a contact screen similar to those used for half-tone printing. The image to be coded is copied through this contact screen onto hard-limiting film. This method is limited to the encoding of images with density distributions varying only slowly across the area of one pulse. A holographic encoding technique overcomes these drawbacks, utilizing the storage redundancy of holograms recorded with diffuse object beams. An array of identical holograms is reconstructed with a beam spatially modulated by the image transparency to be encoded. The array of reconstructed real images is recorded on hard-limiting film and renders a pulse-modulated version of the original image. The limiting conditions for the pulse size and the size of details in the image imposed by diffraction effects and speckle pattern are derived.     

Degradation of Gelatin in Historical Photographs

Abstract

In order to study age related changes in photographic gelatin toe analysed black-and-white roll film before and after accelerated ageing and samples of naturally aged glass plate negatives. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-PACE) was used to separate collagen chains In the gelatin by isoelectric point (pi) and molecular weight. The results shoiv that the x-chatns break down into smaller fragments on ageing. Amino acid analysis ivas performed to examine the oxidative deterioration of gelatin. It shows that the amount of lysine decreases with age.     

Preparation of Stereoscopic Electron Microscope Photographs

The author discusses some of the problems involved in the mounting of stereoscopic electron microscope photographs taken on 35mm film.     

Photographs in the Janos Scholz Collection

Abstract

Janos Scholz (1903–1993), who was to become one of the great cellists of the twentieth century, began collecting when he was a child in Sopron, Hungary. After completing his studies at the Royal Hungarian Academy of Music, Scholz was named first cellist with the Budapest Symphony Orchestra. In 1932 he joined the Roth Quartet, and the following year he left Hungary to tour with the quartet in the United States. He became an American citizen in 1933 and made his home in New York until his death in 1993. Scholz began to collect prints and drawings in 1935 and over the next three decades he amassed an unrivalled collection ofItalian drawings. In keeping with the nature of his life as a musician, in which he shared his music through public recitals, Scholz announced in 1973 that he had decided to give his drawings to the Pierpont Morgan Library in New York. Soon afterwards he began a new collection, one that focused upon nineteenth-century European photographs on paper.     

The Translation of Colours into Black-and-White Photographs

Usual chromatic sensitization of black-and-white films attempts to translate a completely natural subject, rich in tone values and colours. into a monochrome representation. To remind an observer of the subject is only possible when taking both into account. A theoretical spectral sensitivity like that of the eye, neither at normal nor at increased contrast, is satisfactory in spite of the apparent obviousness of its choice, because the exact rendering of relative luminosities must be disturbed if objects of different hue, but of equal visual luminosity, are to be distinguished. The usual chromatic sensitivity of block-and-white films is sotisfactary; it might be improved further by slightly reducing the sensitivity to blue light, and increasing that to green light.     

牙齿形态图像的对比研究

在法庭科学中，人体鉴别主要采用下列四种技术：指纹鉴别、眼角膜纹识别、DNA技术和牙齿形态识别。指纹载体是综合性有机物，眼角膜是软组织，都不能长久保存，且我国未形成无前科人群的档案库，DNA技术虽精确，并已广泛应用，但费用昂贵而费时，因此这三种技术都有其不足之处。相比之下，牙齿形态鉴定法无上述缺点，效果甚佳。本文对此作了较详细的介绍。     

用变焦镜头创造特殊光影

本文是关于如何使用变焦镜头进行特殊光影创作的理论和实践。