The composite image

Abstract

Some studies of art have the power to take the reader down a strange and unfamiliar road from which, on looking back, the whole history of art is seen from a new and revealing point of view. Others are merely useful compilations of information about a particular subject which are good to have if no other studies exist, but otherwise not note~orthy. An example of the former is William M. Ivins, Jr's, Prints and Visual Communication. An example of the latter is, I regret to say, Dawn Ades' Photomontage.     

The German materials research program 1985–1994

Conclusion Materials research and development are prerequisites for improving existing technologies and implementing new technologies. Science and industry in Germany agree to this view and cooperate on a work sharing basis financially supported by industry, Federal and State Government Agencies. If these is mutual benefit there are also bilateral and multilateral cooperations.     

Cluster-Based Technology Policy—The German Experience

The German Federal Government has undertaken a series of particularly interesting policy experiments in the field of technology policy in recent years, a major policy innovation being the explicit recognition of regional clustering aspects in federal support programmes. The paper provides a categorization and assessment of these policy experiments and tries to shed some new light on two fundamental policy questions that are important beyond the German context: (i) can clusters be built by national government policy action? and (ii) is regionalization of technology policy a suitable means of achieving goals at the national level? We find that utilizing the regional level to boost national innovation and competitiveness can—under certain conditions explicated in the paper—indeed be seen as a promising means of achieving national goals. More specifically, we find that InnoRegio type programmes might be particularly useful in regions with distinctive structural problems such as the Central and Eastern European countries, whereas BioRegio type models might be a suitable means of policy‐making at the level of the European Union.     

When Lean Production Meets The ‘German Model’

Lean production represents a major challenge for German industries' distinctive model of Diversified Quality Production (DQP). This study looks at how German manufacturers are responding to the challenge, in a particular sector, namely pump manufacturing, where Germany has long been dominant. The study compares 18 German pump manufacturers with a closely matched set of US firms, focusing on product and process innovations. Variations in the rate and success of innovations are traced to differences in two key factors: national institutions and product markets.     

The strip method of noise-immune image transformation

Various methods are considered for image strip transformation, and the best transformation matrices are selected, with a definition of the critical multiplicity of the noise and studies on the root images for one-sided and two-sided strip transformation, and an illustration is given of the scope for this method in the strip transformation of a particular image. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 8, pp. 6–12, August, 2006.     

荧光扫描成象中的增强方法

本文针对应用于石油地质部门的荧光图象采集系统中被采集对象光强度弱这一特殊的应用环境 ,提出了一种用面阵CCD来实现线阵扫描方式的方法 ,避免了在以普通面阵采集方式采集任意长图象时所必须的图象拼接问题 ,同时通过从面阵CCD靶面抽取多列像元 ,经过移位叠加并作平均处理来改善由于荧光强度较弱导致采集得到的图象灰度对比偏低问题 ,增强了扫描得到的图象质量 ,满足了该应用的要求 ,提高了工作效率。     

Engineering at German universities

Changes in modern society have strongly affected German universities. In particular, a large percentage of the younger generation is following a degree course, especially, in engineering. The result is overcrowding. Discussions are taking place on how to handle large student numbers more efficiently without incurring a drop in academic standards. In view of this latter requirement, it is generally accepted that much importance must be attached to all professors retaining a direct involvement in research despite funding problems. Accordingly, recent developments in UK universities, where teaching without a research component is sometimes becoming a reality, are viewed in Germany with some astonishment. Therefore, one aim of this paper is to contribute to the important discussion of the idea of the European University     

德国人的质量观

德意志民族是这个世界上最讲求质量的民族,他们从哲学层面、经济层面、道德层面上理解质量,同时他们用行动也证明了质量的重要性,尤其是拥有的食品安全方面的安全观念和质量观念。对比我国的食品安全状况有许多方面需要改进和完善。