Julia Margaret Cameron

Abstract

Two new publications examine and celebrate the contribution of Julia Margaret Cameron (1815-1879) to the history of photography. The books were published in conjunction with a travelling exhibition of Cameron photographs circulating to the National Portrait Gallery (London), the National Museum of Photography, Film and Television (Bradford) and the J. Paul Getty Museum (Los Angeles). Julian Cox, Assistant Curator of Photographs at the Getty Museum, and Colin Ford, founding head of the National Museum of Photography, Film and Television (Bradford), compiled the catalogue raisonne and edited the accompanying essays appearing in Julia Margaret Cameron: The Complete Photographs. Colin Ford is sole author of Julia Margaret Cameron: A Critical Biography. These splendid publications significantly expand our understanding of Cameron and her photography.     

Bogawantalawa,the final resting place of Julia Margaret Cameron

Abstract

The tombstones of Julia Margaret Cameron and her husband in the picturesque graveyard of St. Mary's Church at Bogawantalawa¹ near Glencairn in Sri Lanka are reminders of the love the Camerons had for that country, ever since Mr C. H. Cameron toured the island in his capacity as Reforms Commissioner, during his service in India. After their later years in England (1846–1875), the Camerons decided ‘to spend the last years of their lives in Ceylon and even brought their coffins with them’². They did so in 1875, and bought a large acreage of land upcountry, which is even today known as ‘Cameronwatte’³. Mrs Cameron died on 26th January 1879⁴. She was born in India on 11th June 1815⁵, the third daughter of James Pattie of the Bengal Civil Service. Mr Charles Hay Cameron was a Member of the Law Commission in India in 1838, and this is how they came to meet.     

That oriental streak In Julia Margaret Cameron's Ancestry

Abstract

The fact that Julia Margaret Cameron's father, James Pattie, had a family tradition of service in India, under the East India Company, long before 1715, when the first Pattie is known to have died there,¹ made ‘one of the present day descendants suggest jokingly that the name may originally have been Patel’.² However, there is no reason to believe that Pattie was of any other stock than English.³ Nevertheless, writing of the famous Pattle sisters, Brian Hill said: ‘... the seven sisters were of half English, half French origin. If, as has been conjectured, they also had Indian blood, it is conceivable that it was derived from the girls' grandmother, a French woman born and bred in India. In the eighteenth century alliances between Europeans and high caste Indian women were not regarded with much disfavour, and the intermingling of race often resulted in great beauty in the children. Certainly, the lustrous hair and dark expressive eyes of the Pattie sisters have a quality of Oriental beauty about them.’⁴     

Your loving auntie & God mama,Julia Cameron

Abstract

Written almost immediately upon her return from her 10 years in India, and probably at her temporary residence, Ephrahim Common, Tunbridge Wells, Kent, this note is a typical example of Mrs Cameron's effusive, loving style. The letter dates from a time 15 years before Julia Margaret touched a camera, and it is to her niece Julia PrinsepJackson, who was then only two years old. She was a god-daughter to Mrs Cameron, and later her most frequent model. Indeed, Julia Jackson (1846–1895) became one of the most beautiful of 19th-century women. Her first husband, Herbert Duckworth, died in 1870, and eight years later she married Sir Leslie Stephen, editor of the Dictionary of National Biography. Two of her children became famous: Vanessa Bell as a painter, Virginia Woolf as a writer. Julia eventually wrote the DNB entry (from ‘personal knowledge’) of her eccentric aunt, who was renowned for her taste in shawls, her generosity in giving them as presents, and for fixing the images of certain 19th-century great men for all time. The ‘two Hardinges’ refers at least in part to Julia Margaret's son Hardinge Hay Cameron, godson of Lord Hardinge, the recently-retired Governor-General of India     

三维Julia集的控制

通过对四元数动力系统的状态变量作矩阵变换,实现了系统所生成的三维Julia集的整体缩放、沿坐标轴的放大、缩小以及错切旋转等仿射变换,并从理论上证明了通过变换后的动力系统的Julia集的拓扑性质并没有发生变化.该方法克服了对图像仿射变换所产生的图像分辨率降低的缺点,对生成高分辨率图像提供了简便可靠的方法.     

关于Carotid-Kundalini函数的分形集

Cooper考虑了用f(z)=cos(Nzarccos(z))+c,cosz=(eiz+e-iz)/2定义的复Carotid-Kundalini函数,并研究了该函数的分形集.本文研究了该分形集的对称性和无界性,给出了在Julia型、Mandelbrot型分形集中用迭代方法产生的无界分形集.     

三阶广义牛顿变换的Julia集

阐述了Julia集理论在牛顿法上的应用，推广了Walter的牛顿迭代法，分析了正切法和Richardson外推法的误差，提出了牛顿下山法、动态参数法和异步牛顿迭代法，利用上述方法构造并研究了三阶广义牛顿变换的Julia集。结果发现：①三阶简化牛顿变换的Julia集中含有经典Mandelbrot集的结构；②Richardson外推法的误差小于正切法；③动态参数法所构造的Julia集形态各异，结构千变万化；④广义牛顿变换的Julia集之间存在某些联系；⑤广义牛顿变换的Julia集具有对称性。     

Julia集和Mandelbrot集的反演变换

论文讨论了居里叶集与曼德尔布罗特集的反演变换问题,通过扩充复平面上关于任意定点的反演变换,获得了两类共轭函数。使得这两类共轭函数的居里叶集与曼德尔布罗特集,恰好是原居里叶集与曼德尔布罗特集关于定点的反演变换,并运用逃逸时间算法绘制居里叶集和曼德尔布罗特集的反演图。     

可交换超复数Julia集的生成与研究

四元数不满足乘法交换律,可交换超复数存在一个逆复变量,满足交换律。以后者作为迭代变量,以fc(z)=z2 c作为迭代函数生成可交换超复数Julia集。通过与四元数Julia集的比较,在分析它们之间联系的同时,着重研究三维可视化模型之间的区别,证明了存在于不同基向量之间的等价性。最后总结出一种创造新型分形的方法。     

‘A dream of fair ladies’ Mrs Cameron disguised

Abstract

It is a disconcerting pleasure to meet old friends in unexpected settings. Mrs Cameron, whose name will be forever linked with Freshwater and Farringford on the Isle of Wight, spent her youth and early married life in India, returning home only in 1848. So it came about that she happened to be standing on the banks of the River Hooghly at Calcutta in the autumn of 1847, when the steamer carrying a young girl fresh from England let down its anchor. Miss Emily Metcalfe noted with maddening discretion in her journal.     

二阶Carotid-Kundalini函数Julia分形集的特征

Julia分形图是研究复动力系统的一种有力工具.本文研究了由二阶Carotid-Kundalini函数f(z)=cos(Nz2arccos(z))+c生成的Julia分形图的性质:当c为实数和N为实数或纯虚数时,分形图具有对称性;当N为实数,c=0时,图形具有5主瓣和4个从主瓣上发出的触角,且触角无界.     

Facing target sputtered iron-silicide thin film

The FeSi_x thin films with the flatness to an atomic scale for mechanical and optical applications can be grown by a facing target sputtering method. Optical properties indicate the films contain nano-crystalline FeSi₂. The nano-indentation hardness of 10 GPa was obtained. An interesting point is that Young's modulus is larger than that of the carbon-based materials with the same hardness. This means that the FeSi_x is more elastic, which could be characteristic of the chemical bonding of the FeSi₂ with the large contribution of d-electrons. Furthermore, results of the Hall measurement at room temperature shows that the films have p-type conductivity, a carrier concentration of p = 2.49 × 10²⁰ cm^− 3 and a Hall mobility of μ = 6.42 cm² V^− 1 s^− 1.