Calotype portraits of Elizabeth Rigby by David Octavius Hill and Robert Adamson

Abstract

Elizabeth Rigby, Lady Eastlake, is described in the Dictionary of National Biography as a ‘typical English “grande dame”, serene and easy in manner, intellectual and courageous, impervious to bores, highly esteemed, and looked up to in the best society in London’¹. Wife of Sir Charles Eastlake, artist, connoisseur, and Director of the National Gallery in London, she is remembered by posterity primarily as her husband's companion and confidante. Elizabeth's own accomplishments were considerable, however, and she had established a reputation as a formidable blue-stocking before she married Eastlake at the age of 39.     

Fatigue crack growth under C.O.D. cycling

The possibility of using the parameter crack opening displacement as the basis for describing fatigue crack growth behavior in mild steel has been examined. Results are reported on crack growth rates under constant C.O.D. cycling for both plain and welded mild steel of two thicknesses. They show that a power law relationship exists between the crack tip opening displacement and the crack growth rate which fits both the $\text{1}\text{4}$ and $\text{1}\text{2}$ in thick material. Some preliminary results on welded specimens also fit the same power law. Extension of this relationship to the high cycle growth region also gave a reasonable correlation with experimental results.     

D.c. conductivity and hopping mechanism in Bi2O3-B2O3 glasses

The physical and transport properties of semiconducting glasses are highly interesting, providing useful information regarding the structure and conduction mechanism, respectively. The physical and transport properties such as density, number of ions per unit volume, hopping distance, polaron radius, d,c. conductivity and activation energy are reported. Similarly the hopping conduction mechanism is examined. The physical property (density) is used to determine the probable structure of the glass sample. The small polaron hopping model is applied to the glass system. The methods of examining the hopping conduction mechanism are discussed in the light of the small polaron model. The methods suggested by Holstein and by Sayer and Mansingh are applied to the determination of adiabatic or non-adiabatic hopping conduction. It was observed that in this system adiabatic hopping conduction is present.     

The melting curve of tetrahydrofuran hydrate in D2O

Melting points for the tetrahydrofuran/D₂O hydrate in equilibrium with the airsaturated liquid at atmospheric pressure are reported. The melting points were measured by monitoring the absorbance of the solution. Overall, the meltingpoint phase boundary curve is about 2.5 K greater than the corresponding curve for the H₂O hydrate, with a congruent melting temperature of 281±0.5 K at a D₂O mole fraction of 0.936. The phase boundary is predicted to within 5% if the assumption is made that the THF occupancy in the D₂O and H₂O hydrates is the same. We measure an occupancy of 99.9%. The chemical potential of the empty lattice in D₂O is estimated to be 5% greater than in H₂O.     

Equation of State and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure D2O and D2O + H2O Mixtures in and Beyond the Critical Region

A parametric crossover model is adapted to represent the thermodynamic properties of pure D₂O in the extended critical region. The crossover equation of state for D₂O incorporates scaling laws asymptotically close to the critical point and is transformed into a regular classical expansion far from the critical point. An isomorphic generalization of the law of corresponding states is applied to the prediction of thermodynamic properties and the phase behavior of D₂O + H₂O mixtures over a wide region around the locus of vapor-liquid critical points. A comparison is made with experimental data for pure D₂O and for the D₂O + H₂O mixture. The equation of state yields a good representation of thermodynamic property data in the range of temperatures 0.8T _c(x)T1.5T _c(x) and densities 0.35_c(x)1.65_c(x).     

The magnetic susceptibilities of CsMnCl3·2H2O and CsMnCl3·2D2O

The magnetic susceptibilities of CsMnCl₃·2H₂O and CsMnCl₃·2D₂O have been measured at temperatures between 0.35 and 35 K. Above 9 K both salts show the broad susceptibility maximum of the one-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet previously seen in the hydrate. In both cases the intrachain exchange parameter isJ/k=–3.00 K. AtT _N (4.89 K for the hydrate) three-dimensional antiferromagnetic long-range order begins to develop due to weak interchain interactions with preferred alignment along theb axis. AtT _N all susceptibility-temperature curves have their maximum slopes, those of _a and _c being negative. This is shown to be related to the unusual phase diagram of these systems. The limiting behavior of the susceptibilities asT 0 K is established and interpreted. (0) reflects the strong anisotropy of the spinwave spectrum due to the dominant intrachain interaction.Supported in part by the National Science Foundation and the Office of Naval Research.Supported in part by the Science Research Fund of the Ministry of Education of the Japanese government.     

Thermal conductivity of D2O vapor

Results are shown of an experiment in which the thermal conductivity of D₂O vapor was measured and the ratio was determined at temperatures up to 760°C under a pressure of about 1 bar.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 336–340, August, 1973.     

A HYBRID STRESS QUADRILATERAL SHELL ELEMENT WITH FULL ROTATIONAL D.O.F.S

A 4-node hybrid stress quadrilateral shell element with 3 rotational d.o.f.s per node is presented. The mid-surface displacement of the element is founded on Allman's rotation. The equal-rotation mode intrinsic to the rotation is suppressed by a stabilization vector. The assumed stress field and the stabilization scalar is chosen such that membrane locking can be avoided. Computational efficiency of the element is improved by employing orthogonal stress modes and admissible matrix formulation. Popular benchmark tests are attempted and the results are found to be satisfactory. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The life and work of A.D. Blumlein

Alan Dower Blumlein was a remarkably versatile, prolific and creative engineer whose type of genius has had few equals this century. Following early work on telephony during which he developed a transformer-bridge network he turned his attention to audio engineering, developing moving-coil microphones and wax cutters which circumvented patents held by Bell Laboratories and inventing a system for binaural recording. Blumlein was largely responsible for the logical development of the overall system and transmitted waveform for the world's first public, all-electronic television service but also contributed many of the component circuits, such as an efficient line-frequency scanning circuit the `Miller' integrator, the long-tailed pair and the bootstrap circuit. Before his death in an air crash he had made significant contributions to the development of airborne interception radar, microwave radar and H₂S ground-mapping radar. These aspects of Blumlein's work are described     

动密封在真空锁中的设计与应用

详细介绍了在真空锁中的动密封设计过程,并就设计中出现的问题做了分析,提出了解决方案.     

Liquid mutual diffusivities of the H2O/D2O system

The liquid-phase mutual diffusivities of the water (H₂O) and deuterium oxide (D₂O) system at 298.2 K were measured using an instrument based on the Taylor dispersion technique. The instrument has been designed to match, as closely as possible, the mathematical model of ideal Taylor dispersion, minimizing all the departures from the ideal model. The diffusivities were measured over the entire concentration range and the results follow a linear dependence on molar fraction given by 10⁹ D ₁₂ = , where D ₁₂ is in m²·s^–1. Comparison with highly accurate data obtained by a Rayleigh interferometer seems to indicate that the accuracy of the present instrument is 1%. The hard-sphere model was applied to the estimation of the mutual diffusivities of this system and good agreement was found with experiment, deviations being ±3.5%.Paper presented at the Ninth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties, June 24–27, 1985, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.     

D.c. conduction in thin films of SiO/In2O3 before and after electroforming

Electrical measurements on thin co-evaporated SiO/In₂O₃ films before and after electroforming are reported. The high-field conduction (expressed in terms of circulating currentl _c and bias voltageV _b) in thin film sandwich structures of Al–SiO/In₂O₃-Al and Cu-SiO/In₂O₃-Cu is found to obey a relation of the form logI _c V _b ^1/2 . The electroformed samples show voltage-controlled negative resistance, voltage memory, thermal-voltage memory and pressure-voltage memory effects and the results are explained in terms of the filamentary model of electrical conduction.