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1.
La1?xSrxMn0.5Сo0.5O3 (x ≤ 0.75) perovskites have been studied as a function of temperature by neutron powder diffraction (NPD), magnetization and magnetoresistance measurements. The NPD data show that x = 0.15 and 0.5 compounds are stoichiometric, so the Sr2+ doping transforms Co2+ ions into the Co3+ ones, whereas manganese ions remain in the 4+ oxidation state as in the parent ferromagnetic compound LaCo0.52+Mn0.54+O3. The magnetization data show a decrease in the Curie temperature from 215 K for the compound with x = 0 down to 147 K for the compound with x = 0.05. The compounds with x > 0.15 show an increase in TC up to 260 K (x = 0.75) in spite of a gradual decrease of the spontaneous magnetization. The stoichiometric compound x = 0.5 demonstrates a sharp ferromagnet-paramagnet transition with TC = 250 K. However, there is no visible coherent magnetic contribution to the NPD patterns. All compounds are semiconductors and exhibit large magnetoresistance gradually increasing with decrease of temperature. The magnetic data have been interpreted assuming that the Co3+ ions are in high spin state, however, there is a fraction of cobalt ions in low spin state. It is suggested that the superexchange interaction between Co3+ ions in the high spin state and Mn4+ ions is ferromagnetic and that the ferromagnetism of the compounds with x > 0.5 and high TC is associated with positive exchange interactions between Co3+ being in high spin state and Mn4+ ions distributed within the short range regions. Based on the NPD results and magnetization data the magnetic phase diagram has been constructed.  相似文献   

2.
Barium europium(II) aluminate (BaxEu1?xAl2O4) powders were prepared by a solid-state reaction among barium carbonate (BaCO3), europium oxide (Eu2O3), and alumina (Al2O3) powders at 1400 °C for 3 h under a mixed gas flow of H2 and N2. The powders were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared and Raman spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL). With increasing Ba2+ content in BaxEu1?xAl2O4, the structure of BaxEu1?xAl2O4 changed from a monoclinic (P21) to hexagonal (P63) phase. The hexagonal (P6322) phase was also observed between the two phases. The XRD pattern of a single Ba0.6Eu0.4Al2O4 phase, which has not been reported in the literature, was refined by the Rietveld method and its structure was confirmed by selected-area electron diffraction. With increasing x value, the emission peak in the PL spectra of BaxEu1?xAl2O4 became weaker (x = 0–0.4) and then more intense (x = 0.6–0.98), and its position showed a blue shift from 520 to 498 nm.  相似文献   

3.
In this paper, Mn0.3?xMgxCu0.2Zn0.5Fe3O4 (x?=?0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30) nanoparticles were prepared by the nitrate-citrate technique at low temperature. The structural, microstructural, magnetic and elastic properties of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, field emission-scanning electron microscopy and vibrating-sample magnetometer at room temperature. Rietveld refinement of the XRD patterns indicated the formation of the single phase cubic spinel structure (space group Fd-3m) without any detectable impurity phase in all the samples that also was confirmed by FTIR studies. The lattice parameter is found to increase non-monotonically with an increase in Mg ion concentration. Also, the bond lengths and bond angles (A and B sites) of the studied ferrites were calculated by the refining of the XRD data. The values of the crystallite size decrease with increasing micro-strain (and conversely) and both of them reach extremum at x?=?0.15. The low remanence and coercivity values confirmed the formation of the superparamagnetic ferrites nanoparticles. The saturation magnetization of the samples gradually grows with Mg substitution and reach extremum at x?=?0.15. Variation of saturation magnetization with Mg content can be mainly attributed to change of cation distribution, and Yafet-Kittel angle occurred between magnetic moments on B-site in the samples. The values of Young's modulus, Debye temperature, bulk modulus, rigidity modulus of the samples were determined by the values of elastic constant and wave velocities obtained from the force constants. The improvement of the elastic properties of sample x?=?0.05 could be explained regarding the smaller values of the lattice parameter (a), the bond length and angle and the smaller crystallite size.  相似文献   

4.
Concerning the safety problems of conventional Li-ion batteries with liquid electrolytes, it is crucial to develop reliable solid-state electrolytes with high ionic conductivity. Li1+xAlxTi2?x(PO4)3 (LATP, x = 0.3) is regarded as one of the most promising solid electrolytes due to its high ionic conductivity and excellent chemical stability to humidity.Herein, a new strategy is proposed for improving the sintering behavior and enhancing the ionic conductivity of LATP by using LiBO2 as the sintering aid via liquid phase sintering. The as-prepared sample LATP with homogeneous microstructure and high relative density of 97.1% was successfully synthesized, yielding high total ionic conductivity of 3.5 × 10?4 S cm?1 and low activation energy of 0.39 eV at room temperature. It was found that the addition of LiBO2 could effectively enhance the densification and increase the ionic conductivity of LATP electrolyte, proving an effective way to synthesis LATP ceramics by a simple and reliable route.  相似文献   

5.
A systematic study focusing on the effect of Niobium (Nb) doping on the structural, magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of Ba2FeMoO6 samples is presented here. The samples of interest Ba2FeMo1?xNbxO6 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4) were prepared using the solid state reaction method and were confirmed to possess a cubic structure with Fm-3m space group using the X-ray diffraction analysis and Rietveld refinement. A second order of ferromagnetic phase transition was recorded in both the pure as well as the Nb doped samples using the temperature dependent magnetization and Arrott plots analysis. The pristine Ba2FeMoO6 (BFMO) sample indicated a spontaneous magnetization (34.6 emu/g at 100 K) with a relatively sharp magnetic transition at the Curie temperature (TC) of 315 K as compared to the doped samples. A magnetic entropy change of 0.93 Jkg?1K?1 at an applied magnetic field of 2.5 T was measured for the pure BFMO sample. The doped BFMO samples with Mo partially substituted by Nb however, were observed to effectively modify the TC accompanied by a decrease in magnetization. The results investigated in this work suggest that the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of the BFMO can be tailored by controlled Nb doping which is of significant importance in order to realize the numerous potential applications of the material in the magnetic refrigeration technology.  相似文献   

6.
This work focuses on sintering of EuxMg2?xSiO4 (x = 0.0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05) forsterite ceramics under different conditions and study their microstructures, physico-mechanical and photoluminescence characteristics. The starting materials were waste silica fume, pure MgO and europium oxide (Eu2O3). The prepared batches were sintered up to 1500 °C in the presence or absence of carbon in ambient atmosphere. The presence of carbon helped in reduction of Eu3+ into Eu2+. The effect of sintering conditions and formed phases on the properties of final product were investigated. The results indicated that the specimens sintered without carbon exhibited improved physico-mechanical properties with formation of forsterite and Eu4.67 (SiO4)3O precipitated from the formed liquid phase. While the samples sintered in carbon exhibited lower physic-mechanical properties with formation of forsterite and clinoenstatite. Photoluminescence properties were improved with increasing the amount of added Eu2O3 for all sintered samples. The specimens sintered without carbon exhibited life time higher than those sintered in the presence of carbon.  相似文献   

7.
The structural and magnetic properties of the Al-doped LaCrO3 have been investigated. The samples were produced by combustion method using urea as fuel. X-ray diffraction measurement shows that all samples are formed in a single phase. It is observed that increasing the Al content induces a structural phase transition from orthorhombic to a rhombohedral structure. The magnetic measurements indicate that all samples have an antiferromagnetic order with a strong decrease in the magnetic ordering temperature with increasing Al content. The consistent variation of the magnetic moment confirms that the Al3+ ion replaced the Cr3+ ion on the B-site of the perovskite.  相似文献   

8.
Herein, we report the chemical synthesis of Wx Cu1?xO nanostructures with varying concentration of dopant (x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05). The as-obtained doped CuO nanostructures have been investigated to evaluate their physio-chemical properties like crystallinity, morphology, optical features and infrared active modes. The dielectric study shows that doping induces a significant increase in real permittivity. In addition, the doped nanostructures also show potential towards inhibition of pathogenic microbes. The antimicrobial activity of prepared nanostructures determined against four different bacterial strains shows that W doped CuO nanostructures possess a strong antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, and K. pneumoniae and an intermediate activity against E. coli and C. albicans. These finding recognize the use of W doped CuO nanostructures in permittivity materials and bacterial disinfection nanomaterials.  相似文献   

9.
Sr0.99Ce0.01Ti1-xO3 (SCT, x?=?0, ±?0.0025, ±?0.0050, 0.0075) ceramics were prepared by solid state reaction methods and sintered in air atmosphere at different temperatures, with a soaking time of 2?h. The dielectric properties of all samples presented excellent temperature independence over a broad temperature range from 25 to 330?℃ and frequency independence between 10?kHz and 1?MHz. Sr0.99Ce0.01Ti0.9925O3 (SCT0.9925) ceramics sintered in air atmosphere exhibited a high permittivity (~5400) and a low dielectric loss (~0.01) measured at room temperature and 1?kHz. XPS and complex impedance spectroscopy analysis confirmed that the high permittivity and low dielectric loss were attributed to the fully ionized oxygen vacancies and giant defect-dipoles in Ti-deficient samples. However, a higher dielectric loss of Ti-rich samples is owing to the destruction of giant defect dipoles, in which highly localized electrons were transformed into hopping electrons.  相似文献   

10.
In this study, Ba1?xZnxMoO4 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1) microspheres were the first time described in the literature the by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method. Powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM-FEG) and UV–visible and Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies. The XRD patterns showed that the samples with x = 0 and x = 1 displayed pure tetragonal and triclinic structures, respectively. On the other hand, samples with x = 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 revealed the formation of tetragonal/triclinic heterojunction structure. The SEM-FEG images showed that the Ba1?xZnxMoO4 particles present the spherical morphology with the decrease of particle sizes when the value of “x” increase. The gap energies vary between 4.56 eV and 4.17 eV, being influenced by the degree of structural order-disorder. The PL emission spectra of the samples showed a broad band behavior with emission intensity predominant in the orange-red region and of a lower intensity in the blue-green region. The chromaticity coordinates x and y showed that the samples with x ≤ 0.75 present emission in orange, while the samples with x = 1 showed emission in white.  相似文献   

11.
Mn-substituted cordierites, 2(Mg1?xMnx)O·2Al2O3·5SiO2 (x?=?0–1), were prepared from natural components (talc, clay, alumina) and MnO2. Sintering behavior, phase transformation, and microstructural features of the samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA), dilatometric measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive analysis (EDS). The results of DTA and XRD analysis indicate that MnO2 is successively reduced to Mn2O3 and MnO in the sintering process. Mn2+ ions incorporate into the crystal structure of α-cordierite substituting Mg2+ ions in octahedral sites and thus increasing the cordierite unit cell volume. Mn promotes the sintering process: the crystallization temperature, melting point, density and open porosity of Mn-substituted cordierites lowered, whereas the shrinkage and medium pore diameter enlarged with an increase in MnO2 content in the mixture of raw materials. Surface enrichment with Mn with the formation of manganese oxide crystallites was found for the samples with high substitution degree.  相似文献   

12.
Dense microwave dielectric ceramics of Ce2[Zr1−x(Al1/2Ta1/2)x]3(MoO4)9(CZMAT) (x = 0.02–0.10) were prepared by the conventional solid-state route. The effects of (Al1/2Ta1/2)4+ on their microstructures, sintering behaviors, and microwave dielectric properties were systematically investigated. On the basis of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, all the samples were matched well with Pr2Zr3(MoO4)9 structures, which belonged to the space group R3¯c. The lattice parameters were obtained using the Rietveld refinement method. The correlations between the chemical bond parameters and microwave dielectric properties were calculated and analyzed by using the Phillips—Van Vechten—Levine (P—V—L) theory. Excellent dielectric properties of Ce2[Zr0.94(Al1/2Ta1/2)0.06]3(MoO4)9 with a relative permittivity (εr) of 10.46, quality factor (Q × f) of 83,796 GHz, and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf) of −11.50 ppm/℃ were achieved at 850 ℃.  相似文献   

13.
用籽晶法,以甲醛为还原剂、3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APS)为改性剂,在Ag[(NH3)2+溶液中制备α-Fe2O3/Ag核壳结构复合粉体。采用XRD、TEM和EDX对样品进行表征,系统研究了APS改性剂、醇水比等对复合纳米颗粒包覆效果及性能的影响;并用吡啶(Py)为探针,研究了α-Fe2O3/Ag核壳纳米颗粒作为拉曼衬底时的拉曼增强性能相似文献   

14.
Nanocomposites based on chalcogenide glasses have been synthesized. A differential thermal analysis of (As2Se3)1 − x (AgI) x and (As2Se3)1 − x (AgBr)x (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) samples has been performed. The size of nanofragments that undergo elementary structural transformations has been evaluated. The data obtained are in agreement with the evaluated sizes of X-ray coherent scattering regions. The electrical properties of the glasses under consideration have been studied using impedance spectroscopy in the temperature range 293–393 K. It has been demonstrated that the ionic component of the electrical conductivity dominates in glasses with a high content of silver halide.  相似文献   

15.
Magnesium-doped ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) (Zn1?xMgxO-NPs, x = 0.0, 0.01, 0.03, and 0.05) were synthesized by a simple sol–gel method. The compounds were synthesized at calcination temperatures of 650 °C for 2 h. The synthesized Zn1?xMgxO-NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and high-magnification transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD results revealed that the sample product was crystalline with a hexagonal wurtzite phase. The TEM showed Zn1?xMgxO-NPs with nearly spherical and hexagonal shapes. The size–strain plot (SSP) method was used to study the individual contributions of crystallite sizes and lattice strain on the peak broadening of the Zn1?xMgxO-NPs. Physical parameters such as strain, stress, and energy–density values were calculated more precisely for all reflection peaks of XRD corresponding to the wurtzite hexagonal phase of ZnO in the 20°–100° range from the SSP results. The effect of doping on the optical band-gap was also investigated. The results showed that Mg2+ is a good dopant to control some of the ZnO properties, with minimum defects to its structure.  相似文献   

16.
The synthesis of TiCxN1?x from Ti/C mixtures in a N2 atmosphere performed in a high-energy planetary mill was used as example to study the influence of the use of additives in mechanically induced self-sustaining reaction (MSR) processes. In particular, the effect of the addition of TiN, TiC, Si3N4 and SiC was analyzed. The self-sustaining reaction was extinguished when additive contents of 50, 40, 40 and 30?wt% for TiN, TiC, Si3N4 and SiC, respectively, were employed. These additives cannot be regarded as real inert since they served as an extra solid source for nitrogen and carbon, modifying the final stoichiometry of the TiCxN1?x phase. The adiabatic temperature (Tad) determined for the mixtures with no MSR effect was well above the empirical limit value of 1800?K adopted as criterion for the occurrence of the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) process. The ignition time (tig) of the MSR process was practically invariant for low additive contents (approximately 50?min) and tended to increase up to maximum values of 85–95?min for the larger additive contents.  相似文献   

17.
Layered perovskite-type niobates A5Nb4O15 (A = Ba, Sr) are thought to be good candidates for microwave dielectric and water-splitting applications, but traditional solid-state syntheses of these compounds usually require high temperatures and complicated procedures. In this work, Ba5?xSrxNb4O15 (x = 0 ? 5) perovskite solid solutions were obtained using a facile molten salt synthetic method. The crystal structure of Ba5?xSrxNb4O15 solid solutions were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Crystal structure parameters with different Sr2+ concentrations show that the lattice parameters and unit cell volumes of Ba5?xSrxNb4O15 decrease with increasing [Sr2+]. The humidity sensing behavior of Ba5?xSrxNb4O15 solid solutions was investigated over a wide relative humidity (RH) range, from 11% to 95%. Ba2Sr3Nb4O15 shows the highest sensitivity among the obtained samples with a humidity hysteresis of ca. 4% RH. The response-recovery times of the Ba2Sr3Nb4O15 sensor are only 2 s and 17 s as the humidity alternates between 11% and 95% RH, respectively, showing excellent potential as a humidity sensing material for practical applications.  相似文献   

18.
Polycrystalline samples of Ba1?xCaxTi0.975(Nb0.5Yb0.5)0.025O3 (where x = 0.15, 0.2 and 0.3, abbreviated as BCTYN) were prepared by the conventional solid state reaction method. The effect of calcium (Ca) substitution in BaTi0.975(Nb0.5Yb0.5)0.025O3 (abbreviated as BTYN25) on the structural, dielectric, piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties and electro-caloric effects (ECE) was investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results at room temperature showed that the BCTYN samples in the composition x < 0.3 exhibited a pure tetragonal perovskite structure. Dielectric measurements showed a classical ferroelectric behavior for all samples. With the increase of the Ca content, the Curie temperature (TC) was still maintained with a small shift towards low temperature. The evolution of the Raman spectra was studied as a function of compositions and temperatures. The Raman bands confirmed the structure and the phase transition of the BCTYN ceramics. By adding Ca, the piezoelectric properties and the remanent polarization (Pr) are relatively maintained for the compositions x = 0.15 and x = 0.2. A piezoelectric coefficient of d33 = 130 pC/N and a planar electromechanical coupling factor of kp = 28% were obtained for these compositions. Two different methods were used to calculate the electro-caloric coefficients of the BCTYN ceramics. The incorporation of Ca was found to enhance the electro-caloric strength (ξ = ΔTE) within a broad temperature range with a best value of ξ = 0.2?Kmm/kV for x = 0.2.  相似文献   

19.
《Ceramics International》2017,43(15):11815-11819
BiFeO3 (BFO) multiferroic nanoparticles have attracted increasing attention owing to the coexistence of ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties. In this work, Bi1−xMgxFeO3 (x = 0.05, 0.1, 0.15) multiferroic nanoparticles were synthesized by the sol-gel method. The electromagnetic properties and microwave absorption performance in the temperature range of 323–723 K at X-band were investigated. The qualified bandwidth (absorption intensity < −10 dB) of the Mg-doped BFO materials covers the whole X-band at 673 K, suggesting promising candidates as high-temperature electromagnetic absorbers.  相似文献   

20.
Ti1?xWxC solid solution powders have been prepared by combustion synthesis in two reaction modes of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) and thermal explosion (TE). The reaction mechanism in combustion synthesis is investigated and the effects of processing parameters are discussed. Two reaction paths are proposed for the formation of the Ti1?xWxC solid solution. In path 1, Ti1?xWxC crystals are directly precipitated from Ti-W-C melt, and in path 2 the Ti1?xWxC phase is formed by solid-state reaction between TiC and WC. The availability of the two reaction paths depends on the x value and reaction temperature. For smaller x values and higher temperatures, the reaction path 1 dominates and almost full conversion is achieved. For larger x values and lower temperatures, however, path 2 becomes dominant. In path 2, the rate-limiting step is the formation of WC by slow diffusion-controlled solid-state reaction between W and C, which is unable to be completed during the short reaction period and results in the presence of W2C and unreacted W in the products. The reaction between W and C cannot be improved by the addition of excessive C, but can be promoted by using carbon black instead of graphite powder as C source or carrying out the synthesis in a high-pressure N2 atmosphere instead of vacuum. In the fast combustion reaction with high heating/cooling rates, a non-equilibrium state is likely to be created because the mass transfer and energy exchange are limited. The non-equilibrium condition has a strong influence on the reaction kinetics, where the decomposition of W2C is avoided, a localized compositional heterogeneity is caused, and ultrafine grains on a submicron scale are obtained in the products.  相似文献   

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