阴离子膜耦合电化学反应氧化铈(Ⅲ)同时析出铜粉的新工艺

通过系列试验选择出耦合电化学反应氧化铈(Ⅲ)同时析出铜粉所需性能较佳的阴离子膜和Pb合金阳极，比较了不同电解方法的技术经济指标．结果表明：耦合电化学反应氧化铈(Ⅲ)同时析出铜粉的新工艺是解决制约硫酸稀土电解氧化分离铈(Ⅲ)实现工业化的可行方法．放大试验结果与小试验结果一致，阳极电效约82％，铈氧化率大于98％，阴极电效约94％．     

含铜废水的膜电解

采用膜电解技术脱除含铜废水和含铜污泥废水的中Cu2+.对于含铜废水在以氨水、NaOH、草酸为阴极液电解质时,废水中Cu2+去除率分别为90.1％、50.4％和82％;废水中Cu2+浓度分别为11.75 mg/L、55.4 mg/L和20.92 mg/L.对于含铜污泥废水在以氨水、NaOH、硫化钠为阴极液电解质时,废水中Cu2+去除率分别为20.75％、61.06％和40.28％.膜电解过程能实现废水中Cu2+的去除和回收,但废水组成对膜电解过程的效果有着重要的影响.     

用碳纤维电极从酸性镀铜废水中电解回收金属铜

用碳纤维制做三维电极，在稀的酸性镀铜废水中进行电解回收金属铜的试验，由于碳纤维电极具有极大的面体比，且电解液流过电极可有效地减少浓差极化，从而可有效地处理含铜废水和回收金属铜、将含２００ｍｇ／ＬＣｕ＾２＋的废水电解处理至含１ｍｇ／Ｌ以下，平均电流效率可达５０％以上。还讨论了工艺参数对阴极电流效率的影响。     

钨酸钠溶液膜电解体系的阳极选择研究

通过测定钨酸钠溶液电解体系中的多种材料的电极极化曲线和强化电解寿命试验,筛选出了钨酸钠溶液膜电解过程中不同阶段的合适的阳极材料;并通过考察不同形状的阳极对电解的影响,得出了网状阳极更适合钨酸钠溶液电解的结论。     

氯化胆碱-尿素低共熔溶剂中电解制备超细铜粉

利用1ChCl∶2Urea低共熔溶剂作为电解质,以单质铜作为阳极,钛片作为阴极,草酸(H2C2O4·2H2O)作为添加剂,在恒电流密度下电解制备出树枝状超细铜粉。用电化学工作站对[1ChCl∶2Urea]/0.1 mol·L-1 H2C2O4·2H2O低共熔溶剂体系进行了相关的电化学测试。研究了电解温度、电流密度及草酸浓度对电解所得铜粉的粒度、电流效率和直流电耗的影响;利用扫描电镜和激光粒度仪分别对铜粉的形貌和粒度进行了测试表征。结果表明:优化工艺条件为控制温度在80℃,电流密度为8.6mA·cm-2以及草酸浓度0.10mol·L-1的条件下,可电解得到粒度小于15μm的树枝状超细铜粉,电解过程的电流效率高达95.6%,电耗为1746kW·h·t-1。     

低铬铁素体不锈钢晶间腐蚀敏感性的测试方法及性能

研究了爆炸复合板复层06Cr13R低铬铁素体不锈钢的晶间腐蚀敏感性测试方法及性能。结果表明：电化学动电位扫描法（双环EPR法）适合用于爆炸复合板复层06Cr13R低铬铁素体不锈钢晶间腐蚀敏感性的检测,其试验结果与草酸电解侵蚀法对应较好;06Cr13R低铬铁素体不锈钢的晶间腐蚀敏感性与铬-镍奥氏体不锈钢不同,其晶间腐蚀敏感性出现在910℃正火处理后,甚至强制吹风急冷条件下也无法避免,而经过800℃退火处理后,其晶间腐蚀敏感性可减轻。     

葡萄糖电解氧化还原工艺研究

采用自制的无膜电解槽，对同时电解氧化还原葡萄糖生成葡萄糖酸和山梨醇的工艺进行了研究。所得到的最佳工艺条件为：葡萄糖浓度０．４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，ｐＨ值１１，电流密度３Ａ／ｄｍ￣２。在此条件下电解１２ｈ，葡萄糖转化率可达９６．４％，葡萄糖酸产率８８％，山梨醇产率１０％。同时，考察了和Ｚｎ￣（２＋）加入以及ｐＨ值对电流效率的影响。     

简述水电解制氢装置电极间的最佳间隙

为了提高水电解制氢效率和降低欧姆电阻损失,实验研究电极间的气泡对水电解效率的影响.影响水电解效率因素很多,该实验研究电极间的间隙对水电解效率的影响.实验是在大气压下,采用镍—铬—铁合金电极在ω(KOH)=10％的水溶液中进行的.实验要控制电流密度、用或不用隔膜、系统温度和电极的间隙、高度、倾斜角及表面可湿性等参数,以便...     

超声电解法制备超细钴粉体

在333K、pH=3．5～4．5、频率为40kHz的超声波条件下通过改变电流密度和电解液浓度，得到超声电解法制备超细钴金属粉体粒度的变化规律。研究了在电解过程中加入明胶和十二烷基硫酸钠分散剂对钴粉粒度的影响。在0．08mol／L CoCl2电解液，电流密度160mA，1v01％十二烷基硫酸钠分散剂，电解时间1h实验条件下得到了D50粒度为0．72μm的钴超细粉体。     

互换电极电解法快速制备高 Al13含量的聚合氯化铝

以AlCl3为原料，采用互换电极电解法制备高Al13含量的聚合氯化铝．本工作对电解过程中Al13的形成机理进行了探讨，并研究了电解电压、Al^3＋的初始浓度、电解液的循环搅拌速度和阴阳电极的互换频率对Al13的合成速度、Al13占总铝的比率及电解所需时间的影响，得出了电解法制备Al13的最佳工艺条件：电极互换频率为1次．min、电解液中Al^3＋的初始浓度为0．5000mol·L^-1、电解电压为12V和0．5L．min^-1的电解液循环搅拌速度，在此条件下电解125min可制得碱化度为82．0％，A113占总铝的比率达91．2％的液体产品．     

Age and pedestrian injury severity in motor-vehicle crashes: a heteroskedastic logit analysis

This research explores the injury severity of pedestrians in motor-vehicle crashes. It is hypothesized that the variance of unobserved pedestrian characteristics increases with age. In response, a heteroskedastic generalized extreme value model is used. The analysis links explanatory factors with four injury outcomes: fatal, incapacitating, non-incapacitating, and possible or no injury. Police-reported crash data between 1997 and 2000 from North Carolina, USA, are used. The results show that pedestrian age induces heteroskedasticity which affects the probability of fatal injury. The effect grows more pronounced with increasing age past 65. The heteroskedastic model provides a better fit than the multinomial logit model. Notable factors increasing the probability of fatal pedestrian injury: increasing pedestrian age, male driver, intoxicated driver (2.7 times greater probability of fatality), traffic sign, commercial area, darkness with or without streetlights (2-4 times greater probability of fatality), sport-utility vehicle, truck, freeway, two-way divided roadway, speeding-involved, off roadway, motorist turning or backing, both driver and pedestrian at fault, and pedestrian only at fault. Conversely, the probability of a fatal injury decreased: with increasing driver age, during the PM traffic peak, with traffic signal control, in inclement weather, on a curved roadway, at a crosswalk, and when walking along roadway.     

Thermophysical properties of some key solids: An update

In 1985, the CODATA Bulletin published a Report of its Task Group on Thermophysical Properties of Solids which analyzed available data on, and gave recommended values for, the heat capacity of Cu, Fe, W, and Al₂O₃, the thermal expansion of Cu, Si, W, and Al₂O₃, the electrical resistivity of Cu, Fe, Pt, and W, the thermal conductivity of Al, Cu, Fe, and W, and the absolute thermopower of Pb, Cu, Pt, and W. The analysts for the different properties were R. B. Castanet, S. J. Collocott, P. D. Desai, C. Y. Ho, J. G. Hust, R. B. Roberts, C. A. Swenson, and G. K. White. The present paper is an updated version of the earlier report and includes more recent data which change some of the recommended values. notably the heat capacity of Cu and W and the thermal expansion of Si and W.     

纳米技术：新世纪的机遇和挑战

纳米技术是二十一世纪最具发展前景的领域,当前,在全球范围内,一个以纳米材料,纳米电子学和纳米医疗为核心的高科技时代已经来临,很多产业都将因纳米技术的发展而得益,如通讯、计算机、医疗、化工、材料、能源、飞机、汽车、航天、环保和机械制造等。而且十分明显的是,几乎所有的方面都涉及或依赖于真空科学与技术。     

An Approach to Calculate Thermodynamic Properties of Mixtures Including Propane, <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-Butane,and Isobutane

This paper discusses a mathematical model for computing the thermodynamic properties of propane, n-butane, isobutane, and their mixtures, in the fluid phase using a method based upon statistical chain theory. The constants necessary for computations such as the characteristic temperatures of rotation, electronic state, etc. and the moments of inertia are obtained analytically applying a knowledge of the atomic structure of the molecule. The paper presents a procedure for calculating thermodynamic properties such as pressure, speed of sound, the Joule-Thomson coefficient, compressibility, enthalpy, and thermal expansion coefficient. This paper will discuss, for the first time, the application of statistical chain theory for accurate properties of binary and ternary mixtures including propane, n-butane, and isobutane, in their entire fluid phases. To calculate the thermodynamic properties of Lennard-Jones chains, the Liu-Li-Lu model has been used. The thermodynamic properties of the hydrocarbon mixtures are obtained using the one-fluid theory. Paper presented at the Fifteenth Symposium on Theremophysical Properties, June 22–27, 2003, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.     

Pressure drop in riser and evaporator in an advanced two-phase thermosyphon loop

This study presents an experimental investigation of pressure drop in the evaporators and the riser of an advanced thermosyphon loop. The thermosyphon was designed for the cooling of three parallel high heat flux electronic components. The tested evaporators were made from small blocks of copper in which 7, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 vertical channels with the diameters of 1.1, 1.5, 1.9, 2.5, 3.5 and 6 mm, respectively, and a length of 14.6 mm were drilled. Tests were done with isobutane at heat fluxes ranging between 22.4 and 303 kW/m². For prediction of the pressure drop, in the riser, different combinations of frictional pressure drop and void fraction correlations were tested. Regarding the evaporator a simple correlation based on a homogeneous model [M.B. Bowers, I. Mudawar, Two-phase electronic cooling using mini-channel and macro-channel heat-sinks—part II, flow rate and pressure drop constraints, ASME J Electron Packaging 116 (1994) 298–305. [1]] has been used to predict the pressure drop.     

Hybrid features-enabled dragon deep belief neural network for activity recognition

Activity recognition is a challenging task in computer vision that finds widespread applications in various fields, such as motion capture, video retrieval, security, and video surveillance. The objective of this work is to present a technique for recognizing human activities in videos using Dragon Deep Belief Network (DDBN) and hybrid features, which comprises of features like shape, coverage factor, and Space-Time Interest (STI) points. Initially, the keyframes from the input video sequence are extracted using Structural Similarity (SSIM) measure. Then, the features, such as shape, coverage factor, and STI points, are extracted from the keyframes. Based on the feature vector extracted, the proposed DDBN classifier, which is designed by the effective combination of DBN and Dragonfly Algorithm (DA), a classification on human activities, such as walk, bend, etc. in videos. In DDBN, the weights in the network are selected optimally using DA. The weight update using the DA for each incoming feature improves the performance of the DDBN classifier. Further it improves the accuracy in classification of actions. The proposed DDBN classifier is experimented using KTH and Weizmann datasets based on three evaluation parameters, such as accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. From the performance evaluation, the proposed DDBN classifier could attain better performance with the probability of 98.5% accuracy, 0.96 sensitivity, and 0.959 specificity, respectively.     

材料医学和医学材料

临床医学和生物材料的蓬勃发展, 促进了多种疾病的诊断成像、有效治疗和精准诊疗。材料与医学交叉学科(简称“材料医学”)的发展旨在克服传统临床医学面临的主要障碍和挑战, 如系统性毒性、生物利用度差、靶向部位特异性低、诊断/治疗效果不理想等。本文系统地阐述了近年来各种医学材料在疾病诊断、治疗和诊疗方面的应用进展, 特别是纳米医学材料的研究进展。首先, 重点讨论癌症治疗领域的生物医学成像(如光学成像、磁共振成像、超声成像、计算机断层成像等)和治疗策略(如光热治疗、动力学治疗、免疫治疗、协同治疗等)。此外, 我们还重点介绍了医学材料对骨组织工程、呼吸系统、中枢神经系统等疾病的诊断和治疗的最新进展, 并重点阐述了用于生物传感和抗微生物等其他代表性生物医学领域的医学材料。最后, 我们讨论了这些独特的医学材料在实际临床转化和应用中所面临的挑战和未来的机遇, 以促进其早日实现临床转化, 推动医学进步和造福患者。     

Studies on Mechanical, Friction, and Wear Characteristics of Kevlar and Glass Fiber-Reinforced Friction Materials

Asbestos possesses properties that are ideally suitable for use as a friction material in automotive and a number of other applications. Animal and human studies carried out since the early 1900s have established that asbestos is carcinogenic and that exposure to especially asbestos dust causes a large number of diseases. Realizing the health hazards posed by asbestos, many countries started phasing out asbestos from all asbestos-containing products since the 1980s. Some of them imposed a total ban in the 1990s on the use of asbestos-containing friction products. This situation forced many manufacturers to look for alternatives to asbestos. But the efforts have only been partly successful. The search is, therefore, still on to find suitable substitutes for asbestos. Though steel wool, Kevlar, glass, and a number of other mineral fibers have been tried out on an experimental basis over the last two decades, glass and Kevlar fibers, in particular, have shown promise as potential substitutes for asbestos. These days, therefore, studies on polymer-based friction materials reinforced with glass, Kevlar, and ceramic fibers are being pursued with much fervor. However, conflicting views are prevailing even today as to the suitability of asbestos-free composites for automotive applications and freedom from the concomitant health risks posed by them. In the present work, therefore, phenolic resin matrix samples reinforced with different amounts of glass and Kevlar fibers were produced and characterized for their mechanical, physical, friction, and wear properties to assess their suitability for light passenger car applications. The study establishes that composites based on glass and Kevlar fibers show good mechanical, physical, friction, and wear characteristics, enhancing thereby their suitability for automotive applications. The property improvements achieved are correlated to the composition, microstructure, and the changes taking place on the surface of the friction composites.     

Processing issues,machining, and applications of aluminum metal matrix composites

Aluminum metal matrix composites (AMMCs) used in different industries from automotive to aerospace for specific purposes. Many problems hinder the full-scale industrialization of AMMCs but the main problems include wettability, particle distribution, porosity, and chemical reaction. These problems have explicit effects on mechanical, wear, and corrosion resistance properties of the composite materials. Therefore, it is essential to cope up with these problems for better quality of AMMCs. This paper focuses on issues related to AMMCs fabrication, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, machining parameter optimization, and chip analysis of AMMCs. Literature provides a guideline to researchers about present scenario of AMMC fabrication using stir casting process. Moreover, paper presents properties and applications of AMMCs.     

多波束测深系统多子阵检测法的改进及其性能分析

多波束测深系统中,相位检测法是实现超宽覆盖测量的关键技术之一。分析了分裂子阵相位检测法和多子阵检测法,并基于对子阵结构的分析,改进了多子阵检测法,给出了多子阵检测法输出信噪比的表达式,讨论了子阵结构对输出信噪比的影响,在理论分析基础上选择了三种子阵结构对海上试验数据进行了处理,验证了分析结果。处理结果表明,在优化参数基础上,多子阵检测法不但可实现多波束测深系统的超宽覆盖,而且可改善系统对海底的检测性能。