移动自组织网络服务质量控制机制综述

综述了移动Ad Hoc网络的QoS机制,将其划分为链路层、网络层、传输层、跨层优化和网络间QoS机制,并加以比较和分析。链路层QoS机制主要在于提供QoS控制的MAC协议。学者在网络层设计了各种服务质量感知路由,包括原有路由协议的QoS控制扩展和全新的支持QoS控制的路由协议。为了区分传输失败的原因以及降低资源竞争,传输层提供适合移动Ad Hoc网络的TCP协议。为了全面解决链路层触发、路由选择和负载平衡的问题,学者提出跨层构建QoS体系结构。网络间QoS机制主要在于提供移动Ad Hoc网络和固定结构网络之间的QoS保证。最后进行对比总结,指出了各种技术的特点和适用范围,并展望了该领域的未来发展方向。     

无线网状网的QoS研究

作为下一代无线通信网络的关键技术,无线网状网能够融合异构网络,满足多类型的业务需求,因此必须提供一定的服务质量(QoS)保证.对目前各种QoS体系结构进行了分析,讨论了无线网状网的QoS体系结构.针对无线网状网网络层以下各层的QoS问题,对近年来国内外在功率控制、无线环境感知、支持QoS的MAC协议、QoS路由以及跨层QoS设计等方向所取得的研究成果进行了全面的概括总结和比较分析.最后对未来的研究发展趋势提出了自己的观点.     

IEEE 802．11无线自组织网络服务质量机制研究

IEEE 802．11无线自组织网络中采用随机方式接入无线信道，提供服务质量(QoS）保证难度很大。目前已提出媒体接入层机制以改进无线自组织网络服务质量。但单纯的媒体接入层服务质量机制同样具有较大局限性。本文系统分析比较了不同无线自组织网络环境下媒体接入层和网络层服务质量机制的性能，基于上述分析结果，提出一种跨层自组织网络服务质量机制。     

改进的遗传算法无线视频传感器网络协作路由技术研究

提出了适用于无线视频传感器网络的基于能量感知的跨层交互多路径协作路由技术.该技术首先采用了基于视频传感器节点感知距离的遗传优化算法,预测传输视频数据的能耗和剩余能量,结合无线信道质量和视频编码算法建立一种跨层协同的工作体系,优化节点传输视频数据的能耗、时延和带宽等因素;然后建立应用层、网络层和物理层跨层协同工作体系.仿真实验和数学分析表明,该技术不仅能够较好地满足视频传感器网络应用业务的多样性QoS数据传输性能需求,而且可以充分利用视频传感器网络受限的计算、存储能力和能量等资源.     

Ad hoc网络中动态阈值岭型函数退避算法*

无线自组织网络(Ad hoc)在MAC层中使用IEEE 802.11 DCF的接入机制来解决节点传输竞争问题,为了解决高负载环境下的网络拥塞状况问题,在退避算法中加入了动态阈值和岭型函数来降低数据传输的冲突概率并利用NS2对改进的退避算法进行网络仿真。仿真结果表明,相对于传统的退避算法,在负载较重的网络中改进后的退避算法大概能够提高网络性能20%左右,优化后网络的时延、吞吐量和公平性均得到明显改善。     

一种改进IEEE802.15.3 MAC协议机制的信道资源分配算法

本文简单介绍了IEEE802.15.3协议,分析了协议的MAC层QoS机制.针对实时VBR(Variable Bit Rate)业务流,提出了一种改进协议机制的信道资源分配算法,并在性能上与平均资源分配算法进行了分析和比较,通过仿真验证了此分配算法能有效降低实时VBR码流的丢帧率,提高系统传输的QoS性能.     

自适应调度的增强QoS保证机制

针对IEEE802.11的媒体接入控制层QoS支持技术进行了研究.基于无线局域网MAC层DCF和EDCF两种退避机制,提出了一种增强型自适应慢速递减的EASDCF方案,并在此基础上的结合IEEE802.11e的业务分级的思想,通过最大竞争窗口和重传次数的不同来区分不同的优先级,并对每个优先级进行区分服务.仿真结果表明,EASDCF机制所采用的分级策略提高了时延敏感业务的吞吐量,并使丢包率敏感的数据业务得到可靠保障,该算法能够有效地增强网络的QoS,提高整个网络的性能.     

无线局域网MAC层QoS机制综述

无线局域网WLAN已成为当下日益流行的无线接入方案,但现有的WLAN协议对QoS的支持极其有限,致使多媒体、实时交互等QoS需求高的应用的实施难以实现.无线局域网MAC层是控制和协调无线节点访问网络介质的关键协议子层.如何在有限的网络资源和不稳定的物理介质前提下在MAC层提供有效QoS服务,成了无线网络研究界的一个新的课题.本文分析并总结了当前在无线局域网提供QoS的技术难点和主要的QoS提供策略,对现存的QoS提供机制从两个角度进行了分类和概括,最后指明了MAC层QoS研究的发展方向.     

无线传感器网络中基于信息质量的跨层QoS支持

本文中提出了一种基于数据的信息质量而提供QoS支持的跨层协议,文中先阐述了无线传感器网络与传统网络在QoS支持上的不同的需求和特点,并提出了跨层优化的概念,指出无线传感器网络采用跨层优化的可行性和必要性.本文通过划分优先级来对网络提供不同的服务质量.数据包的优先级主要反应了数据包中所含的信息质量,由网络的应用层决定,而后再根据数据优先级的不同在MAC层提供不同的服务,从而实现跨层的QoS支持.     

基于802.11DCF协作MAC的冲突分解算法

本文针对MAC层中由于采用二进制指数退避算法而存在的小尺度时间上的不公平性现象和网络资源浪费的现象,改进了基于协作MAC系统的冲突分解算法.     

Differentiation, QoS guarantee, and optimization for real-time traffic over one-hop ad hoc networks

Nodes having a self-centrically broadcasting nature of communication form a wireless ad hoc network. Many issues are involved to provide quality of service (QoS) for ad hoc networks, including routing, medium access, resource reservation, mobility management, etc. Previous work mostly focuses on QoS routing with an assumption that the medium access control (MAC) layer can support QoS very well. However, contention-based MAC protocols are adopted in most ad hoc networks since there is no centralized control. QoS support in contention-based MAC layer is a very challenging issue. Carefully designed distributed medium access techniques must be used as foundations for most ad hoc networks. In this paper, we study and enhance distributed medium access techniques for real-time transmissions in the IEEE 802.11 single-hop ad hoc wireless networks. In the IEEE 802.11 MAC, error control adopts positive acknowledgement and retransmission to improve transmission reliability in the wireless medium (WM). However, for real-time multimedia traffic with sensitive delay requirements, retransmitted frames may be too late to be useful due to the fact that the delay of competing the WM is unpredictable. In this paper, we address several MAC issues and QoS issues for delay-sensitive real-time traffic. First, a priority scheme is proposed to differentiate the delay sensitive real-time traffic from the best-effort traffic. In the proposed priority scheme, retransmission is not used for the real-time traffic, and a smaller backoff window size is adopted. Second, we propose several schemes to guarantee QoS requirements. The first scheme is to guarantee frame-dropping probability for the real-time traffic. The second scheme is to guarantee throughput and delay. The last scheme is to guarantee throughput, delay, and frame-dropping probability simultaneously. Finally, we propose adaptive window backoff schemes to optimize throughput with and without QoS constraints.     

基于DQN的超密集网络能效资源管理

小基站的密集随机部署会产生严重干扰和较高能耗问题,为降低网络干扰、保证用户网络服务质量（QoS）并提高网络能效,构建一种基于深度强化学习（DRL）的资源分配和功率控制联合优化框架。综合考虑超密集异构网络中的同层干扰和跨层干扰,提出对频谱与功率资源联合控制能效以及用户QoS的联合优化问题。针对该联合优化问题的NP-Hard特性,提出基于DRL框架的资源分配和功率控制联合优化算法,并定义联合频谱和功率分配的状态、动作以及回报函数。利用强化学习、在线学习和深度神经网络线下训练对网络资源进行控制,从而找到最佳资源和功率控制策略。仿真结果表明,与枚举算法、Q-学习算法和两阶段算法相比,该算法可在保证用户QoS的同时有效提升网络能效。     

多媒体CDMA蜂窝网络中联合退避缓存及速率自适应的呼叫接纳控制策略

资源管理和呼叫接纳控制作为未来蜂窝网络的核心管理模块,能为移动用户提供具有QoS保证的多媒体应用并实现无线资源的有效利用.针对多业务CDMA蜂窝网络,结合非理想功率控制下的容量定义,提出退避缓存与自适应速率调控相结合的呼叫接纳控制策略.其中退避缓策略采用请求呼叫主动退避的思想,有效降低阻塞率;自适应速率调控策略则采用业务用户双重分级的思想,确保用户公平性的同时实现平稳的QoS.仿真结果表明,该策略可以自适应地保证各类业务的QoS要求,提高业务间的公平性和系统资源的利用率.     

基于MDP支持弹性服务质量的接入控制

在网络服务系统中,满足业务请求的服务质量需求是系统要解决的主要问题之一。接入控制方法和资源分配策略常用来保证业务的服务质量要求。本文基于Markov决策过程(MDP)对视频点播(VOD)系统进行建模,同时考虑了弹性服务质量这一机制。弹性服务质量可以用一个QoS的需求范围来体现。策略梯度算法常用来解决MDP问题,它能够以比较好的速度收敛到最优解。通过算法实例对本文的接入控制方法进行性能分析,发现所采用的方法相对于一般的完全接入策略具有较优的性能。     

IEEE 802.16 Mesh模式下基于QoS的时隙分配算法

IEEE 802.16-2004标准定义了Mesh模式下的调度机制，基于这些调度机制下的数据信道资源分配算法，在标准中没有详细规定。该文提出了两种基于优先级的时隙分配算法，以实现MAC层的QoS，通过仿真分析了平均分组延迟、请求失败率和时隙利用率。仿真结果表明这些算法实现了对不同需求的业务流的QoS保障。     

Cross Layer QoS Aware Scheduling based on Loss-Based Proportional Fairness with Multihop CRN

As huge users are involved, there is a difficulty in spectrum allocation and scheduling in Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs). Collision increases when there is no allocation of spectrum and these results in huge drop rate and network performance degradation. To solve these problems and allocate appropriate spectrum, a novel method is introduced termed as Quality of Service (QoS) Improvement Proper Scheduling (QIPS). The major contribution of the work is to design a new cross layer QoS Aware Scheduling based on Loss-based Proportional Fairness with Multihop (QoSAS-LBPFM). In Medium Access Control (MAC) multi-channel network environment mobile nodes practice concurrent broadcast between several channels. Acquiring the advantage of introduced cross layer design, the real-time channel conditions offered by Cognitive Radio (CR) function allows adaptive sub channel choice for every broadcast. To optimize the resources of network, the LBPFM adaptively plans the radio resources for allocating to diverse services without lessening the quality of service. Results obtained from simulation proved that QoSAS-LBPFM provides enhanced QoS guaranteed performance against other existing QIPS algorithm.     

Admission control with elastic QoS for video on demand systems

In network service systems, satisfying quality of service (QoS) is one of the main objectives. Admission control and resource allocation strategy can be used to guarantee the QoS requirement. Based on partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs), this paper proposes a novel admission control model for video on demand (VOD) service systems with elastic QoS. Elastic QoS is also considered in resource allocation strategy. Policy gradient algorithm is often available to find the solution of POMDP problems, with a satisfactory convergence rate. Through numerical examples, it can be shown that the proposed admission control strategy has better performance than complete admission control strategy.     

基于合作中继的OFDM蜂窝网络的QoS感知子载波分配算法*

针对基于中继的OFDM蜂窝网络,提出了一种基于合作中继的QoS感知子载波分配算法,即C-QSA(cooperative QoS-ware subcarrier allocation)算法。C-QSA算法利用基站与中继节点之间的合作传输机制来保证QoS业务的速率要求,允许中继节点进行比特重分配,充分利用无线系统的时变及多用户分集特性,提高无线资源的利用效率。C-QSA算法将子载波分配问题抽象为非线性整数规划,以最大化系统效用为目标,同时满足QoS业务的速率要求。仿真结果表明,C-QSA算法在用户效用及吞吐量等性能方面都有明显优势,系统实际效用接近理论最优值。     

CoQoS: Coordinating QoS-aware shared resources in NoC-based SoCs

Contention in performance-critical shared resources affects performance and quality-of-service (QoS) significantly. While this issue has been studied recently in CMP architectures, the same problem exists in SoC architectures where the challenge is even more severe due to the contention of shared resources between programmable cores and fixed-function IP blocks. In the SoC environment, efficient resource sharing and a guarantee of a certain level of QoS are highly desirable. Researchers have proposed different techniques to support QoS, but most existing works focus on only one individual resource. Coordinated management of multiple QoS-aware shared resources remains an open problem. In this paper, we propose a class-of-service based QoS architecture (CoQoS), which can jointly manage three performance-critical resources (cache, NoC, and memory) in a NoC-based SoC platform. We evaluate the interaction between the QoS-aware allocation of shared resources in a trace-driven platform simulator consisting of detailed NoC and cache/memory models. Our simulations show that the class-of-service based approach provides a low-cost flexible solution for SoCs. We show that assigning the same class-of-service to multiple resources is not as effective as tuning the class-of-service of each resource while observing the joint interactions. This demonstrates the importance of overall QoS support and the coordination of QoS-aware shared resources.