聚合酶链式反应快速检测畜肉食品中鸭源性成分

目的：建立一种快速、特异、灵敏的鸭源性成分检测方法。方法：以鸭细胞色素C氧化酶Ⅲ（COⅢ ）基因序列为靶位点设计引物,进行聚合酶链式反应扩增,建立鸭源性成分检测方法;以常见畜禽肉,包括羊肉、牛肉、鸡肉、鹅肉、猪肉、兔肉、马肉、鹿肉等参考动物物种进行特异性检测;以50 mg/kg羊肉DNA作为稀释液,对鸭肉DNA进行梯度稀释,检测灵敏度。结果：该方法能够有效的对鸭源性成分进行快速检测,具有较强的特异性,灵敏度较高（0.1 μg/kg）,且羊肉成分的存在对鸭肉灵敏度检测没有影响,可以快速、准确检测畜肉食品中掺杂的鸭源性成分。     

微滴数字PCR方法检测畜肉食品中鸭源性成分

目的利用微滴数字PCR技术,建立鸭源性成分的快速、特异、灵敏检测方法。方法根据鸭线粒体基因全序列设计的引物及探针,利用微滴数字PCR进行扩增,建立鸭源性成分检测方法;以市场中常见畜禽肉为参考物种作微滴数字PCR特异性检测;以羊肉为干扰物观察微滴数字PCR的抗干扰性;将鸭肉DNA进行梯度稀释,对方法灵敏度进行检测。结果该方法能够有效对鸭源性成分进行检测,特异性强,灵敏度高,并且其他物种成分的存在对方法灵敏度检测没有影响。结论该方法特异性强,灵敏度高,可以实现畜肉食品中的鸭源性成分检测。     

荧光定量PCR方法检测畜肉食品中猪源性成分

目的 建立一种快速、特异、灵敏的猪源性成分检测方法。方法 本研究以猪线粒体12S rRNA基因序列为靶位点设计引物和探针, 进行荧光定量PCR扩增, 建立猪源性成分检测方法; 以常见畜禽肉包括羊肉、牛肉、鸡肉、鹅肉、鸭肉、兔肉、马肉、鹿肉等参考动物物种作特异性检测; 以50 mg/kg羊肉DNA作为稀释液对猪肉DNA进行梯度稀释, 做灵敏度检测。结果 该方法能够有效对猪源性成分进行快速检测, 具有较强的特异性, 灵敏度较高(可达0.1 μg/kg)并且羊肉成分的存在对猪肉灵敏度检测没有影响。结论 该方法特异性强, 灵敏度高, 可以快速、准确检测畜肉食品中含有的猪源性成分。     

利用荧光定量PCR技术鉴别畜禽肉中猪源性成分

以猪特异性基因序列为靶位点设计特异性引物,以常见畜禽肉包括猪肉、羊肉、兔肉、牛肉、鸽肉、鹌鹑肉、鸡肉、鸭肉、鹅肉等参考动物肌肉DNA为模板,进行荧光定量PCR扩增,建立猪源性成分荧光定量PCR检测方法;并将猪肉DNA模板浓度进行8个梯度稀释,检测其灵敏度。结果显示,该方法能够有效对猪源性成分进行快速检测,具有较强的特异性,灵敏度较高,可快速准确地鉴别畜禽肉中猪源性成分。     

可视化核酸试纸条法快速检测肉及肉制品中鸭源成分

建立肉及肉制品中鸭源成分快速检测的可视化核酸试纸条法。设计鸭特异性引物,建立鸭成分检测可视化核酸试纸条方法,验证方法的特异性与灵敏度,并对市售肉及肉制品进行检测。该方法检测灵敏度0.1%,能够从鸭肉样品扩增出291 bp特异性DNA片段,而鸡、鹌鹑、猪、马、牛、羊、驴、鹿、骆驼、胡萝卜、白菜等动植物样品无扩增条带。建立的鸭源成分检测可视化核酸试纸条法特异性好,灵敏度高,简便,快速,是鸭源成分检测的有效方法。     

肉制品中鸭源性成分的实时荧光PCR检测

目的：建立基于实时荧光PCR技术的鸭源性成分的快速检测方法。方法：以鸭线粒体DNA序列为目的基因,设计并筛选了鸭源性特异性引物及探针,进行荧光定量PCR扩增,建立鸭源性成分检测方法。通过特异性、灵敏性、及盲样检测试验,对该体系进行验证。结果：该方法能够快速有效的检测鸭源性成分,具有较强的特异性及灵敏性,灵敏度约为0．01％（质量分数）;通过市售盲样肉制品的检测,表明该体系可用于定性检测加工肉制品中的鸭源性成分。结论：该方法特异性强,灵敏度高,可用于对肉制品中鸭源性成分的掺假鉴别。     

荧光定量PCR方法检测肉制品中鳄鱼源性成分

针对鳄鱼色素细胞b基因序列设计特异性引物,建立一种快速、特异、灵敏的鳄鱼源性成分检测方法。以常见羊肉、牛肉、猪肉、鸡肉、鸭肉、鱼肉、虾肉为参考动物物种作特异性检测,并经检出限和灵敏度实验验证其可行性。结果表明：该方法能够有效对鳄鱼源性成分进行快速检测,具有较强的特异性,鳄鱼组分DNA的检出限可达0.001 ng/μL,灵敏度可达0.01 %。通过加工肉制品的检测验证,该方法拥有特异性强、灵敏度高的特点,可以用于加工肉制品中鳄鱼源性成分的检测。     

基于便携式荧光定量PCR仪定量检测驴肉中掺假鸭肉

为建立快速方便的驴肉制品分子鉴定方法,本文以驴肉和常见的掺假肉类(鸭肉)为研究对象,筛选特异性引物和TaqMan探针,利用便携式Mini8 Plus实时荧光定量PCR仪进行灵敏度和特异性实验,通过绘制扩增标准曲线及确定驴肉和鸭肉的质量与DNA比值常数,对不同掺入比例(加入定量的鸭肉制成含量分别为20%、40%、60%、80%)的模拟样品和实际驴肉样品进行检测。结果显示,该方法对驴、鸭肉均具有良好的特异性,可以与马、猪、山羊、梅花鹿、牛、鸡、狗肉明显区分;对驴源性DNA成分的检出限为0.01 ng/μL,鸭源性DNA成分的检出限为0.1 ng/μL,对驴肉与鸭肉混合物中鸭肉成分的灵敏度为0.1%(w/w);所建立的标准曲线线性关系良好,驴肉DNA扩增标准曲线:y=-3.584x+27.003,R²=0.9982;鸭肉DNA扩增标准曲线:y=-3.538x+30.907,R²=0.9991;采用已建立的方法对35份驴肉样本进行市场试点调查,发现6份(17.1%)驴肉样本中含有鸭肉成分。以上研究结果说明,该实时荧光定量PCR方法可用于驴肉产品中其他...     

基于Cyt-B基因鉴定肉制品中鸭源性成分的研究

基于Cyt-B基因设计特异性引物,建立高效快速检测肉制品中鸭源性成分的方法。选取Cyt-B基因作为检测靶标,应用生物信息学技术设计各物种特异性引物,建立聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)体系检测肉制品中鸭源性成分,并将鸭特异性基因片段进行克隆和测序分析。该检测体系可以对鸭肉含量为1pg的肉制品实现稳定检测,灵敏度髙,特异性好。测序分析结果显示克隆的特异性基因序列与Genbank中相同物种(序列ID:EU755253.1)的核苷酸同源性达100%。该文建立的基于Cyt-B基因的PCR检测方法,可实现对肉制品中鸭源性成分高效快速的检测,既为肉类产品DNA鉴定试剂盒的研发提供试验基础,也有望对肉制品的市场监管和相关执法提供有力的技术保障。     

基于锁式探针的荧光定量PCR技术快速检测肉制品中鸭源性成分

[目的]肉类掺假是食品行业面临的严峻挑战,其中羊肉和牛肉用鸭肉掺假较为常见。本研究主要目的是为检测掺假肉制品中的鸭源性成分提供一个新的检测方法。[方法]本研究根据鸭线粒体基因组16s rDNA中的特异性序列设计鸭源锁式探针和扩增引物,并结合荧光定量PCR技术,建立肉制品中鸭源性成分检测的新方法。[结果]基于锁式探针的荧光定量PCR技术检测肉制品中鸭源性成分的检测灵敏度达到70fg·μL~(-1)。[结论]本研究建立的基于锁式探针的荧光定量PCR检测鸭源性成分方法检测特异性强,灵敏度高,为肉类掺假鉴定提供了新的技术手段。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the