Continuum topology optimization considering uncertainties in load locations based on the cloud model

Few researchers have paid attention to designing structures in consideration of uncertainties in the loading locations, which may significantly influence the structural performance. In this work, cloud models are employed to depict the uncertainties in the loading locations. A robust algorithm is developed in the context of minimizing the expectation of the structural compliance, while conforming to a material volume constraint. To guarantee optimal solutions, sufficient cloud drops are used, which in turn leads to low efficiency. An innovative strategy is then implemented to enormously improve the computational efficiency. A modified soft-kill bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization method using derived sensitivity numbers is used to output the robust novel configurations. Several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.     

六韧带手性蜂窝材料韧带的冲击动荷系数及稳定性分析

手性蜂窝材料内部韧带的变形及失稳特性控制了该类材料的抗冲击性能。本文运用能量法和泛函数极值分析的方法,分别探讨了六韧带手性蜂窝材料在受到面内冲击时缓冲第一阶段中韧带的冲击动荷系数及韧带失稳坍塌临界压力,得到了韧带的动荷系数及其失稳临界压力的解析表达式,进而揭示手性蜂窝材料抗冲击性能的内部微结构溃塌机制和关键影响因素。结果表明:视为扭簧的韧带节点环在冲击压缩变形过程中扭转角越大,韧带的动荷系数越小,而韧带的失稳临界压力随着节点环扭转角的增大而增加。研究方法和结果可为手性蜂窝材料及其它蜂窝型材料抗冲击能力的进一步研究和微结构设计提供理论参考。      

考虑车轮-路面接触长度的桥头跳车动力荷载分析

对车辆经过桥头错台时的动力荷载进行分析,提出考虑轮胎-路面接触长度的车轮模型,并计及车轮的滚动轨迹。结合有限元动力学分析方法,对车辆上、下桥头错台时的动力荷载进行定量分析。数值仿真表明：考虑接触长度的模型更符合车轮与路面接触的实际情况,动力荷载计算值较平缓;下桥跳车时车轮脱空的临界速度计算值大大提高,10 mm错台跳车临界速度约60 km/h;跳车动力荷载与车轮悬挂方式、车速、跳车高度等有关,可由此控制轮载冲击系数;考虑车轮-路面接触长度后,桥头错台跳车的冲击系数仍较大。车辆以30 km/h以上速度通过10 mm错台时,冲击系数超过我国桥梁规范设计值,需引起重视。     

弱非线性和不确定性对结构动力学分析的影响

局部连接引起的弱非线性和加工制造公差引起的参数变化不确定性是许多工程结构的常见现象。针对弱非线性和参数变化不确定性对结构动力学分析的影响进行了讨论,提出了一种通过恒位移和恒速度响应的振动试验进行非线性建模,并用统计分析来处理不确定性,建立尽可能精确的数学模型进行结构动力学分析的处理方法。仿真实例是在对美国Sandia国家实验室2006年提出的"结构动力学问题的模型确认挑战"研究的基础上,建立的具有非线性刚度和非线性阻尼以及参数变化不确定性的三自由度集中质量模型,仿真结果验证了方法的有效性。     

基于动态横向转移载荷的轮式装载机侧倾稳定性研究

为研究轮式装载机动态侧倾稳定性,在考虑车身侧倾和动臂俯仰的基础上,构建基于拉格朗日法和包含动坐标系的轮式装载机十自由度侧倾动力学模型,求解出非平稳路面与发动机耦合激励下的侧倾响应,推导出表征侧倾稳定性的动态横向转移载荷方程,并分析了横向坡度角、动臂结构参数和转弯速度变化对侧倾角与动态横向转移载荷的影响趋势。结果表明:车身侧倾角和动态横向转移载荷随横向坡度角、动臂质量和举升角以及转弯速度的增加而不断增大,但横向坡度角和动臂举升角对侧倾稳定性的影响灵敏度较高;当车身侧倾角超过临界横向坡度角时,两侧车轮垂向载荷发生完全动态横向转移,使一侧车轮产生离地现象进而导致侧倾;上述模型和动态横向载荷转移表征方法可为后续的性能优化提供研究方法和理论基础。     

Improved dynamic analysis of structures with mechanical uncertainties under deterministic input

This paper addresses the dynamic analysis of linear systems with uncertain parameters subjected to deterministic excitation. The conventional methods dealing with stochastic structures are based on series expansion of stochastic quantities with respect to uncertain parameters, by means of either Taylor expansion, perturbation technique or Neumann expansion and evaluate the first- and second-order moments of the response by solving deterministic equations. Unfortunately, these methods lead to significant error when the coefficients of variation of uncertainties are relatively large. Herein, an improved first-order perturbation approach is proposed, which considers the stochastic quantities as the sum of their mean and deviation. Comparisons with conventional second-order perturbation approach and Monte Carlo simulations illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method. Applications are discussed in order to investigate the influence of mass, damping and stiffness uncertainty on the dynamic response of the system.     

随机荷载下陡波形立管的非线性动力分析EI北大核心CSCD

对陡波形立管在随机荷载作用下的非线性动力响应进行了数值分析。考虑内部流体,基于柔性杆理论建立了陡波形立管(SWR)的数值模型,采用Newmark-β法求解立管动力响应,利用MATLAB软件编写相应计算程序DRSWR,将DRSWR的计算结果与OrcaFlex进行对比验证,然后对陡波形立管在随机波浪、顶部浮体随机运动共同激励下的应力响应进行了参数敏感性分析。结果表明:浮子段应力水平、应力变化幅值最高;应力极值点为拱弯点和垂弯点;大波高、低周期的波浪会导致立管整体应力水平急剧升高;平均静偏移增大导致立管应力极值减小;大幅高频的慢漂运动会使悬挂点应力显著增大;高密度、高流速内部流体会使陡波形立管处于高应力状态。     

Optimum load time history for non-linear analysis using dynamic relaxation

A modification of the dynamic relaxation method is proposed which facilitates static analysis of non-linear problems. Continuous loading in time is adopted instead of the ordinary step function of time. Inertia and damping forces arising during the loading process are kept at a minimum using an optimum load time history. This results from the stationary condition of an appropriate functional. The equation of motion is included as a subsidiary condition. Continuous load—deflection curves can be obtained. An incremental solution is avoided. Application of the method is extremely simple. Existing programs based on explicit time integration schemes can be easily adapted for it. Sample solutions are presented.     

空间结构在考虑热-结构耦合关系下的动力响应随机性分析

以空间薄壁圆管为研究对象,分析其在持续热流作用下并同时考虑热-结构耦合关系及参数具有随机性时的动力响应问题。为了便于分析由截面温差引起的热振动,将温度场分解为平均温度和扰动温度两部分,在此基础上建立了热-结构耦合动力学有限元模型,并采用时间域内温度场和动力响应交替迭代进行的近似计算方法,其中温度场的求解利用时间差分法和牛顿迭代法,动力响应则利用Newmark积分法。从各响应的求解迭代格式出发,分别使用矩法和随机因子法推导了温度场及动力响应的数字特征表达式,并通过各时间步内对温度场和动力响应的交替迭计算可求得整个时间域内的温度和动力响应均值与方差。最后以哈勃太空望远镜为算例考察了热-结构耦合对其悬臂薄壁圆管梁的热颤振影响以及参数的随机性对响应分散性的影响,并利用Monte-Carlo法验证了文中方法的可行性。     

泥石流冲击荷载下拦挡坝的动力响应分析

选取典型的泥石流冲击荷载,把钢筋混凝土拦挡坝简化成悬臂梁,建立其动力偏微分方程,运用数学物理方程中的变量分离法和结构动力学中的振型叠加法求得动力偏微分方程的解析解,最后根据材料力学得到相应的应力以及应变。算例分析表明解析解是可靠的,且在拦挡坝的坝顶处有最大的位移,为实际工程力学计算提供一种思路。       

Nonlinear stability analysis of a perforated FGM plate under thermal load

The nonlinear thermal stability analysis of a perforated Ni/Al₂O₃ FGM plate with temperature-dependent thermoelastic material properties is carried out through a finite element approach based on the first-order shear deformation theory and the von-Karman's nonlinear kinematics. The thermoelastic material properties of the FGM plate are varied in the thickness direction, and the Mori-Tanaka homogenization scheme is applied to evaluate these properties. After validating the results of the current formulation, parametric studies are conducted to examine the effects of temperature-dependent material properties, material in-homogeneity, cutout shape and size, edge boundary conditions, aspect and slenderness ratios on the thermal buckling and postbuckling response of perforated FGM plate.     

Dynamic sensitivity analysis of material and load parameters in nonlocal elasticity

Dynamic sensitivity analysis of a general performance functional in nonlocal elasticity is performed with respect to material parameters and loading functions. The adjoint variable method is employed in order to evaluate the first variation of the functional with respect to the decision variables. It is found that, in an iterative solution procedure, while the primary problem is solved forward in time, an adjoint problem must be integrated backwards.     

考虑载荷作用次数的机械零部件可靠性灵敏度分析方法

 为了研究载荷多次作用时,机械零部件的可靠度及可靠性灵敏度变化规律,从灵敏度角度修改零件的设计参数,降低制造成本,建立一种可靠性模型结合了随机摄动法、Edgeworth级数技术,并考虑了载荷的作用次数．摄动法和Edgeworth级数可以在基本随机参数的前4阶矩已知的情况下,研究具有任意分布参数的机械零件的可靠性灵敏度设计问题,顺序统计量理论考虑了载荷作用次数在可靠度和灵敏度计算中的影响．使用这种模型计算出的可靠度会随着载荷作用次数而变化,这与静态的可靠度计算方法存在差别．以某一型号的螺栓为算例,应用此模型计算了其可靠度、随机变量均值和方差的可靠性灵敏度．由提出的方法得到了可靠度和可靠性灵敏度值及其随载荷作用次数变化的曲线．可靠度及可靠性灵敏度随载荷作用次数变化的规律是：载荷作用次数增加,可靠度值降低,变化趋势单调;载荷作用次数达到最大时,可靠度达到最小;随机变量均值和方差的灵敏度随载荷作用次数变化出现不同的变化趋势,其中螺栓截面直径的均值和方差灵敏度随载荷作用次数的变化最大,随作用次数的增加,螺栓截面直径的参数将对螺栓的可靠性起主要的决定作用．     

Effects of mix design parameters and rheological properties on dynamic stability of self-consolidating concrete

Stability is a crucial property for successful placement and performance of self-consolidating concrete (SCC). Dynamic stability refers to the segregation resistance of concrete during flow and is not thoroughly described in literature to date. In this research, a newly developed dynamic stability test, the Tilting-box test, was employed to evaluate the effect of different mix design parameters on the dynamic segregation of SCC. Paste volume, water-to-binder ratio (w/b), maximum size of aggregate (MSA), aggregate density, and aggregate grain-size distribution were shown to affect the dynamic stability of SCC, while the coarse aggregate shape did not have a significant influence. The slump flow and V-funnel flow time as well as the rheological parameters were found to be an efficient tool for controlling dynamic segregation. Higher yield stress or plastic viscosity reduced the risk of dynamic segregation. Recommended workability characteristics and rheological parameters of SCC to ensure adequate dynamic stability level were proposed.     

引信发射环境多参数动态实测与分析

为了准确测量引信在膛内及飞行过程的动态参数,本文设计了一种可置于引信内部的微型弹载电子测试仪,成功地获取了引信发射及飞行过程的三轴加速度、膛压以及转速等多种参数。根据实测信号特征可以将引信发射过程分为四个阶段：弹丸启动阶段、高膛压加速阶段、出膛前过渡段和出炮口段,其中高膛压加速阶段和出炮口段的加速度值比较大,但是前者加速度值特征是振荡频率高幅值小,后者加速度峰值更高,而且振荡周期长,幅值大。本测试仪获取的相关数据准确可靠,是引信设计、研制、故障分析和性能评价急需的重要依据。     

惯性载荷对螺旋锥齿轮动态啮合特性的影响研究

根据动力学原理和Lagrange乘子约束,考虑惯性载荷对螺旋锥齿轮动态啮合分析的影响,提出一种新的有限元分析模型,分析惯性载荷对螺旋锥齿轮动态啮合特性的影响规律。计算结果表明,随着惯性载荷增大,齿面接触力也随之增大;惯性载荷对于啮合区宽度、齿面接触应力及最大应力位置均有影响。因此,惯性载荷对于螺旋锥齿轮动态啮合分析是必须考虑的因素。     

Parametric uncertainties for dynamic response evaluation of offshore structures

The dynamic characteristics involved in the loading process in the ocean environment are extremely complicated and difficult for exact evaluation. In this paper, parametric studies are presented to assess the influence of uncertainties associated with various assumptions and approximations, involved in modelling the dynamic loading processes of ocean environment, for the evaluation of dynamic response of offshore structures. These uncertainties are represented by the inertia coefficient and the drag coefficient of the Morison equation which defines the wave forcing function, the mean height of the input sea waves and the shear wave velocity of the soil. The results show that the effects of uncertainties are closely related to the natural frequency of the structure and the predominant frequency of the wave force. These uncertainties, except the variation in the shear wave velocity in the soil, contribute significantly to the dynamic response and the first passage probability evaluation of the offshore structure systems.