高层错能Fe-Mn-Al-C低密度钢的变形机制和组织控制

含铝低密度钢是汽车高性能钢的研究方向之一. Fe-Mn-Al-C低密度钢有较高的层错能,其变形机制与TRIP钢和TWIP钢不同.本文介绍了Fe-Mn-Al-C低密度钢的类型、变形过程中的组织演变及变形机制,并介绍了合金中的析出相类型及对变形行为的影响,提出了Fe-Mn-Al-C钢组织控制中尚需研究的问题.     

Fe-Mn-Al-C低密度钢研究现状及展望

在汽车工业发展需求的节能环保与高安全性的双重目标下,Fe-Mn-Al-C低密度钢因其低密度和优异的力学性能,具有巨大的应用潜力,引起了国内外的广泛关注.因此,综述了 Fe-Mn-Al-C低密度钢的合金成分与微观组织、生产工艺、强化机制及其性能的研究进展;对目前Fe-Mn-Al-C低密度钢中提出的变形机制及其拉伸性能、冲...     

Fe-Mn-Al-C轻质高强钢析出相研究进展

Fe-Mn-Al-C轻质钢具有低密度和优良的力学性能,在交通运输、能源化工和航空航天领域有广阔的应用前景。该系列钢种包含多种析出相如：κ-碳化物((Fe, Mn)₃AlC)、β-Mn、B2(FeAl)和DO₃(Fe₃Al)等,这些析出相直接决定了其综合性能和服役寿命。综述了Fe-Mn-Al-C轻质钢析出相的种类、析出机制,探讨了合金元素和热处理制度对析出相影响规律,为Fe-Mn-Al-C钢中的析出相调控和强韧化提供指导。     

Fe-Mn-Al-C系奥氏体基低密度钢的研究进展

轻量化且高强韧化已成为汽车用钢的主要发展方向.在不同类型的轻质钢中,FeMn-Al-C系奥氏体基低密度钢因具有更高的比强度和良好的塑韧性备受研究者们青睐.从成分体系与力学性能、多种强韧化机制、不同变形机制及工艺调控等方面总结了Fe-Mn-Al-C系奥氏体基低密度钢的研究进展,重点阐述了奥氏体基低密度钢中特有的B2相以及...     

Fe-Mn-Al-C低密度钢中的脱氧合金化夹杂物

为了研究Fe-Mn-Al-C低密度钢脱氧合金化夹杂物的生成及机理,采用Si、Mn、Al进行脱氧合金化,通过场发射扫描电子显微镜结合夹杂物自动分析系统对Fe-Mn-Al-C低密度钢样品中的夹杂物进行观察。结果显示,Fe-Mn-Al-C低密度钢中夹杂物主要分为6类,即单颗粒Al₂O₃夹杂物、单颗粒MnS夹杂物、单颗粒AlN夹杂物、Al₂O₃-MnS复合夹杂物、AlN-MnS复合夹杂物、Al₂O₃-AlN-MnS复合夹杂物。单颗粒的Al₂O₃、MnS、AlN夹杂物的数量相对较多,夹杂物尺寸以小于5μm为主。热力学计算发现Al₂O₃在脱氧合金化时生成,AlN在固相分数为0.844时开始析出,而MnS在完全凝固后的固相钢中开始析出。不同夹杂物间的二维晶格错配度计算结果显示,MnS(110)/Al₂O₃(001)、AlN(001)/Al<...     

1.20%铝冷轧TRIP钢的合金设计、工艺和力学性能

报道了含1.2%Al-0.1%C-Mn-Si冷轧TRIP600钢带的研究开发结果,通过合金设计、冶炼、热轧、冷轧和热处理在实验室成功地制备了TRIP600钢带,其屈服强度为390~420 MPa、抗拉强度650~700 MPa,伸长率30.5%~37.5%,强塑积21000~26000 MPa.%。作为热处理工艺设计的基础,通过Thermo-Calc软件计算了试验钢的相图、相组成、贝氏体转变TTT曲线和T0温度线。含质量分数为1.20%铝的冷轧TRIP600的成分设计和工艺参数可以作为工业试生产TRIP600的基础。     

轻质钢的研究进展(一)——富Al无间隙原子钢和铁素体轻质钢

轻质钢是在超低碳钢或C-Mn钢基础上添加Al元素而形成的Fe-Al或Fe-Mn-Al-C合金钢。简要介绍了Al元素对钢的密度、相组织构成和基体碳化物形成的影响,并依据合金成分和相组织构成将轻质钢大致分为单一铁素体钢(多为富Al无间隙原子钢,即Al-IF钢)、铁素体钢(多为δ-TRIP钢)、铁素体—奥氏体双相钢和奥氏体钢四类。重点阐述了Al-IF钢和δ-TRIP钢的微观组织特征、力学性能和强韧化机制,为进一步研究开发上述种类轻质钢提供参考。     

TWIP钢的研究现状

综述了TWIP(Twinning induced plasticity)钢研究的现状以及最新的进展.主要介绍现有TWP钢的成分体系,即Fe-Mn-Al-Si系、Fe-Mn-C系和Fe-Mn-Al-C系,以及各合金元素的作用;TWIP钢基于层错能的成分设计方法,层错能的计算方法及影响因素以及层错能与TWIP效应的关系.简述TWIP钢的组织特点、力学性能特点以及TWIP钢的生产加工的难点.     

钢中铝-硅-锰复合脱氧反应的热力学计算

复合脱氧后钢液的最终氧含量优于单独脱氧的效果,同时复合脱氧可产生低熔点、易聚合长大的复合夹杂物,实现最佳的脱氧效果。用热力学方法计算了铝-硅-锰复合脱氧的效果,结果表明,在不同硅锰比下,复合脱氧均比单独用铝脱氧的最终氧含量要低;根据脱氧产物为锰铝榴石的原则得出了合金脱氧剂的组成成分。热态试验验证了理论计算结果。     

铝镁质浇注料抗高锰高铝钢液侵蚀研究

Fe-Mn-Al-C系低密度高强钢是前景广阔的先进钢材之一，其中添加有高含量Mn、Al等合金元素，在熔炼过程中与耐火材料反应，会造成材料蚀损及影响钢液洁净度。因此，针对钢包用铝镁质浇注料，采用坩埚法开展其抗高锰高铝钢侵蚀实验，探讨不同反应条件下钢液对浇注料的侵蚀行为和钢中夹杂的变化规律。结果表明：主要是钢中Mn对耐火材料扩散渗入较严重，与材料反应变质破坏结构，而随Al添加量增加会呈现对侵蚀的先抑制再逐步促进作用；随着反应时间延长，钢液对耐火材料侵蚀逐渐加剧，冶炼90 min后的钢中总O含量及非金属夹杂物略有增加。但总体上，钢液对铝镁质浇注料的最大侵蚀率仅7.07%,且对钢液质量的预期影响也相对有限，能适应高锰高铝钢的冶炼。     

Effects of Silicon Content and Intercritical Annealing on Manganese Partitioning in Dual Phase Steels

Steels of constant manganese and carbon contents with silicon content of 0.34%-2.26% were cast.The as-cast steels were then hot rolled at 1100 ℃ in five passes to reduce the cast ingot thickness from 80 to 4 mm, air cooled to room temperature and cold rolled to 2 mm in thickness. Dual phase microstructures with different volume fraction of martensite were obtained through the intercritical annealing of the steels at different temperatures for 15 min followed by water quenching. In addition to intercritical annealing temperature, silicon content also altered the volume fraction of martensite in dual phase steels. The partitioning of manganese in dual phase silicon steels was investigated using energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The partitioning coefficient, defined as the ratio of the amounts of alloying element in the austenite to that in the adjacent ferrite, for manganese increased with increasing intercritical annealing temperature and silicon content of steels. It was also found that the solubility of manganese in ferrite and austenite decreased with increasing intercritical temperature. The results were discussed by the diffusivity and the solubility of manganese in ferrite and austenite existed in dual phase silicon steels.     

Effect of alloying chemistry on the lattice constant of austenitic Fe-Mn-Al-C alloys

In summary, the lattice constant of austenitic Fe-Mn-Al-C alloys as a function of composition has been determined. The addition of manganese, aluminum, or carbon increases the lattice constant of austenitic Fe-Mn-C alloys, but the addition of silicon decreases the lattice constant. The effect of aluminum and carbon on the increase in lattice constant are similar, while that of manganese is about one order of magnitude smaller.     

Al元素对Fe-Mn-Al-C系低密度钢的影响特性综述

随着"节能、减排、环保"意识的逐渐增强,实现汽车轻量化已成为汽车用钢的主要发展目标之一,其中,Fe-Mn-Al-C系低密度钢加入Al后具有良好的力学性能及应用性能,受到广大研究者的青睐.因此,从密度、弹性模量、析出物、层错能、力学性能及应用性能等方面总结Al元素对Fe-Mn-Al-C系低密度钢的影响规律.重点分析Fe-...     

Development and characterization of high strength impact resistant Fe-Mn-(Al-, Si) TRIP/TWIP steels

Iron manganese steels with Mn mass contents of 15 to 30 % exhibit microstructural related superior ductility and extraordinary strengthening behaviour during plastic deformation, which strongly depends on the Mn content. This influences the austenite stability and stacking fault energy γ_fcc and shows a great impact on the microstructure to be developed under certain stress state or during severe plastic deformation. At medium Mn mass contents (15 to 20 %) the martensitic γ-ε-ά phase transformation plays an important role in the deformation mechanisms of the TRIP effect in addition to dislocation glide. With Increasing Mn mass content large elongation is favoured by intensive twinning formation. The mechanical properties of plain iron manganese alloys are strongly influenced by the alloying elements, Al and Si. Alloying with Al Increases the stacking fault energy and therefore strongly suppresses the martensitic γ-ε transformation, while Si sustains the γ-ε transformation by decreasing the stacking fault energy γ_fcc. The γ-ε phase transformation takes place in Fe-Mn-X alloys with γ_fcc ≤ 20 mJm⁻². The developed light weight high manganese TRIP and TWIP (twinning induced plasticity) steels exhibit high ultimate tensile strength (600 to 1100 MPa) and extremely large elongation of 60 to 95 % even at high strain rates of έ = 10³ s⁻¹. Particularly due to the advanced specific energy absorption of TRIP and TWIP steels compared to conventional deep drawing steels high dynamic tensile and compression tests were carried out in order to investigate the change in the microstructure under near crash conditions. Tensile and compression tests of iron manganese alloys with varying Mn content were performed at different temperatures and strain rates. The resulting formation of γ twins, ά- and ε martensite by plastic deformation was analysed by optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The deep drawing and stretch forming behaviour at varying deformation rates were determined by performing cupping tests and digitalised stress-strain-analysis.     

轻质高锰钢的组织及力学性能

摘要：高锰钢作为耐磨材料,被广泛应用于高载荷或冲击磨损的工况下。轻量化是钢铁材料发展的趋势之一,也是满足工业节能降耗需求的重要途径。为了明确轻质化元素铝对此类钢种的影响,以高锰钢ZGMn18Cr2为基础,通过控制铝含量,得到成分不同的轻质高锰钢。利用金相显微镜（OM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）及电子探针（EPMA）等手段对其微观组织进行表征,并采用硬度测试、室温冲击和拉伸实验测试了其力学性能。结果表明,随着铝的质量分数在0~11%范围内不断增大,高锰钢的密度得到明显降低,铁素体相逐渐稳定,晶粒得到细化。同时,材料的抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率和室温断裂冲击功先升高后下降;硬度则先下降后升高。这些性能的改变与铝含量的变化、第二相铁素体的出现以及含铝碳化物的数量有重要关系。     

Effects of silicon content and intercritical annealing on the manganese partitioning in dual phase steels

 Steels of constant manganese and carbon contents with 0.34-2.26 wt. % silicon content were cast. The as-cast steels were then hot rolled at 1100°C in five passes to reduce the cast ingot thickness from 80 to 4 mm, air cooled to room temperature and cold rolled to 2 mm thickness. Dual-phase microstructures with different the volume fraction of martensite were obtained through the intercritical annealing of the steels at different temperatures for 15 min followed by water quenching. In addition of intercritical annealing temperature, silicon content also altered the volume fraction of martensite in dual-phase steels. The partitioning of manganese in dual-phase silicon steels were investigated using energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS). The partitioning coefficient, defined as the ratio of the amounts of alloying element in the austenite to that in the adjacent ferrite, for manganese increased with increasing intercritical annealing temperature and silicon content of steels. It was also shown that the solubility of manganese in ferrite and austenite decreased with increasing intercritical temperature. The results were discussed by the diffusivity and the solubility of manganese in ferrite and austenite present in dual-phase silicon steels.     

Phase distributions in rapidly solidified stainless steels

Phase distributions and the internal magnetic fields have been determined in rapidly solidified stainless steels (Fe-nCr-8Ni-0.05C, Fe-nCr-5Ni, and Fe-nCr withn in the range of 10 to 24) by transmission and conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy (TMS and CEMS). Based on these results, a modification of the phase boundaries in the Schaeffler diagram is suggested to account, in particular, for rapidly solidified stainless steels. The suggested modification is primarily an expansion of the austenite field toward higher Cr and lower Ni equivalent contents. Combining CEMS and TMS makes it possible to determine the phase distributions both in the near surface region (outmost 300 nm) and in the bulk of the ribbons. For the low-Cr alloys, the content of the bcc phase (martensite) in the surface region is higher than in the sample as a whole. In the high-Cr alloys, the content of the bcc phase (ferrite) is lower in the surface than in the bulk. This disparity is ascribed to the different mechanisms of formation of martensite (diffusionless) and ferrite (nucleation and growth) in relation to the higher cooling rates of the surface layers. The determinations of the internal magnetic field are in good agreement with earlier investigations on conventionally processed Fe-Cr steels, where it was found that the internal magnetic field decreases with increasing Cr content.     

高锰高铝钢纯净度控制关键技术研究进展

摘要：汽车轻量化对低密度高锰高铝钢的需求日趋迫切,然而高锰高铝钢的大规模化生产仍受制于纯净度控制技术与连续浇注工艺。首先基于高锰高铝钢的成分特点,阐述了高锰高铝钢的微观组织特征,然后通过热力学模拟了高锰高铝钢中夹杂物的形成与演变规律,分析了不同Al和Mn含量对夹杂物的类型和含量的影响规律,最后总结了近年来国内外学者关于高锰高铝钢中夹杂物形成理论和实验研究,钢中高铝含量显著影响Al2O3、AlN及AlON的竞相析出以及影响MnS等夹杂的析出行为,进而从精炼渣、耐火材料和保护渣角度分析了高锰高铝钢冶炼特点并指出了其纯净度控制的关键方向。