Y对铸态Fe_(81)Ga_(19)合金组织结构及磁致伸缩性能的影响

采用非自耗电弧炉制备了铸态Fe_(81)Ga_(19-x)Y_x(x=0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5)合金,通过金相观察、X射线衍射分析和磁致伸缩应变测量,研究了Y掺杂对铸态Fe_(81)Ga_(19)合金显微组织结构和磁致伸缩性能的影响。结果显示,Y的掺杂细化了合金的晶粒;掺Y后Fe_(81)Ga_(19)合金的择优取向增强;除了基体相(无序A2相)外,在铸态Fe_(81)Ga_(19-x)Y_x合金中还检测到DO_3相;Fe_(81)Ga_(19)-xYx合金最大饱和磁致伸缩应变在2500 Oe磁场强度下为97×10~(-6),与Fe_(83)Ga_(17-x)Y_x相比饱和磁致伸缩应变显著降低,DO_3相的析出是导致Fe_(81)Ga_(19-x)Y_x饱和磁致伸缩应变降低的原因。     

磁场退火对Fe_(80)Si_9B_(11)非晶合金的磁致伸缩特性影响

利用激光多普勒法测量50 Hz下非晶合金带材的磁致伸缩曲线,研究了磁场退火对Fe_(80)Si_9B_(11)非晶合金带材的磁致伸缩特性的影响。结果显示,在相同的磁场强度下非晶带材经横磁退火后磁致伸缩最大,无磁场退火次之,纵磁退火时最小。然后,采用Kerr方法观察了非晶合金带材的磁畴形貌,从微观结构上解释了经不同磁场退火后磁致伸缩大小不同的机理。最后,对无磁场退火、横磁退火和纵磁退火后的Fe_(80)Si_9B_(11)铁基非晶合金铁芯进行了噪音测试。结果显示,在相同的频率和磁通密度下,非晶合金铁芯经横磁退火后噪音最大,无磁场退火次之,纵磁退火时噪音最小,与非晶合金带材经不同磁场热处理后磁致伸缩大小的规律一致。为解决非晶合金铁芯在实际应用中的噪音问题提供了参考。     

不同Tb/Dy比例对稀土磁致伸缩材料性能的影响

研究了不同Th/Dy比例对(TbxDy1-x)Fe1.95(x=0.30,0.32,0.34和0.35)合金的矫顽力、自旋再取向温度以及变温和加压磁致伸缩性能等的影响.结果表明,随着x值的增大,合金的矫顽力增大,自旋再取向温度降低.x为0.34时,合金的磁致伸缩温度系数较小,更适用于低温且工作温度变化大的环境.随着x值的增大,当施加压应力时,合金的磁致伸缩系数λ有明显的"跳跃效应",低场下尤为突出.     

Fe-Ga磁致伸缩合金力学性能强化研究进展

Fe-Ga磁致伸缩合金作为重要的磁驱动智能材料之一,不仅在低磁场条件下具有较高磁致伸缩应变的功能材料特性,同时还具有较高力学强度的结构材料特性,结构功能一体化特征明显,存在广泛的研究价值和应用前景.国内外学者围绕该材料的磁致伸缩性能、力学性能优化开展了大量研究工作.其中,通过在Fe Ga合金中添加元素来调控力学性能和磁...     

Tb0.3Dy0.7(Fe1-xAlx)1.95合金显微组织及低磁场的磁致伸缩性能研究

研究了Al添加量变化对Tb0.3Dy0.7(Fe1-xAlx)1.95合金显微组织、磁致伸缩系数的影响.结果发现,随着Al添加量的增加,晶体显微组织中的析出物增加;在一定的磁场强度下,磁致伸缩系数随Al添加量而变化,当磁场强度低于40kA/m时,磁致伸缩系数随Al添加量的变化曲线出现一峰值,当磁场强度高于40kA/m时,磁致伸缩系数随Al添加量的增加而降低.     

Fe_(83)Ga_(17)La_x合金的磁致伸缩性能及组织研究

用真空电弧熔炼法制备Fe_(83)Ga_(17)La_x(x=0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8)铸态合金,采用震动样品磁强计、透射电镜、能量分散光谱仪、光学显微镜和自制磁致伸缩测量设备研究不同La含量对Fe_(83)Ga_(17)合金磁性能以及组织结构的影响。结果表明,添加La明显增加了合金的磁致伸缩性能,其中Fe_(83)Ga_(17)La_(0.2)的磁致伸缩系数最高可达210×10~(-6)。La易在晶界处富集,随着La含量增加,合金晶粒尺寸逐渐减小。La有助于合金沿100取向的晶粒增多。     

合金成分对Tb_xDy_(1-x)Fe_(1.91)磁致伸缩性能影响的研究

为了研究TbDyFe合金成分的变化对合金磁致伸缩性能的影响,采用真空感应熔炼炉制备四种Tb_xDy_(1-x)Fe_(1.91)(x=0.22、0.27、0.3、0.35)合金棒,然后取铸态性能较好的试棒真空定向凝固,将定向凝固后的试棒进行真空热处理,测试合金棒的磁致伸缩性能,分析合金中的组织取向,研究材料中的显微组织。研究表明,在低磁场下x=0.27的试样比其他三组实验得到的样品的磁致伸缩性能好,高磁场下x=0.3的样品磁致伸缩性能好而且"jump"效应明显,且定向凝固后的不同取向组织比例对试样的磁致伸缩性能影响很大。组织中的大尺寸富稀土相的产生对合金磁致伸缩性能影响很大。铸态性能较好的Tb_(0.27)Dy_(0.73)Fe_(1.91)合金,在真空环境下热处理后,稀土元素氧化烧损较多,磁致伸缩性能下降剧烈。合金基体主要的相为RFe_2与RFe_3耦合相,烧损导致合金的成分偏离,造成包晶RFe_2相和初生RFe_3相的耦合生长。     

微量稀土元素Tb、La掺杂对Fe-Al合金结构和磁致伸缩性能的影响

为了研究微量稀土元素Tb和La掺杂对Fe81Al19合金结构和磁致伸缩性能的影响及影响机制,采用真空电弧熔炼法制备了Fe81Al19、Fe81Al19La0.1和Fe81Al19Tb0.1三种铸态合金。用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电镜联合能谱仪(SEM/EDS)分析了合金的微结构。用振动样品磁强计(VSM)和磁致伸缩测量仪测试了合金的磁性能和磁致伸缩系数。结果表明,Fe81Al19合金由单一的bcc结构A2相组成,而掺杂稀土后的Fe81Al19Tb0.1和Fe81Al19La0.1合金均由bcc结构的A2主相和少量富稀土相组成。稀土Tb和La的掺杂使Fe81Al19合金沿<100>晶向择优取向,且Fe81Al19Tb0.1合金择优取向更加明显。此外,三种合金的磁化功大小排序为:Fe81Al19Tb0.1> Fe81Al19La0.1> Fe81Al19。表明稀土元素掺杂导致Fe-Al合金具有更大的磁晶各向异性,且Tb的掺杂效果更加明显。磁致伸缩系数测试表明,与Fe81Al19合金相比,稀土掺杂合金的磁致伸缩系数明显增大,而且Fe81Al19Tb0.1合金的磁致伸缩系数增大的更加明显,大约是Fe81Al19合金的3.2倍,为86×10^-6。稀土掺杂合金磁致伸缩系数增大的原因主要源于掺杂稀土使Fe-Al合金沿<100>晶向择优取向和稀土导致合金具有高磁晶各向异性。     

基于蚁群遗传算法的超磁致伸缩材料迟滞模型优化研究

超磁致伸缩材料(GMM)是一种新型的智能材料,GMM制作的超磁致伸缩执行器(GMA)在航空、微定位等领域得到广泛应用。本文对GMA设计中的Terfenol-D特性进行优化,基于蚁群遗传算法对超磁致伸缩材料迟滞模型进行优化,建立了基于Terfenol-D棒上超磁致伸缩执行器磁回路。通过优化,磁通分布及线圈功率转化系数呈现明显的提高。     

Tb对Fe81Ga19快淬合金薄带组织和磁致伸缩性能的影响

利用快淬甩带方法制备了Fe81Ga19Tbx(x=0,0.2,0.4,0.6)合金薄带,研究了合金薄带的显微组织结构和磁致伸缩性能。实验结果表明,Fe-Ga-Tb合金薄带的显微组织及磁致伸缩性能与合金的成分密切相关,合金薄带基体为Fe(Ga)无序固溶相体。Fe81Ga19Tb0.2合金的磁致伸缩系数最大,达到-1320×10-6,且薄带厚度方向[100]择优取向,Tb在晶界处富集。     

Experiment on Nonlinear Properties Coupling Electromagnetism with Mechanics of Giant Rare Earth Magnetostrictive Materials

The electromagnetic and mechanical coupling properties of giant rare earth giant magnetostriction material TbxDy1 -xFe2 -z (0. 27 ≤x ≤ 0.3, 0 ≤ z ≤ 0.1 ) alloys were investigated by means of self-fabricated test apparatus. The effect of coupling mechanical with electromagnetic on magnetostrictive strain coefficient was discussed. The physical model of the coupling system was established. Based on the equivalent circuit of the coupling system, the magnetomechanical coupling coefficient was derived by means of impedance resistance analysis method.     

A new assay for tRNA aminoacylation kinetics

An improved quantitative assay for tRNA aminoacylation is presented based on charging of a nicked tRNA followed by separation of an aminoacylated 3'-fragment on an acidic denaturing polyacrylamide gel. Kinetic parameters of tRNA aminoacylation by Escherichia coli AlaRS obtained by the new method are in excellent agreement with those measured by the conventional method. This assay provides several advantages over the traditional methods of measuring tRNA aminoacylation: (1) the fraction of aminoacyl-tRNA is measured directly; (2) data can be obtained at saturating amino acid concentrations; and (3) the assay is significantly more sensitive.     

Magnetic and magnetostrictive properties of amorphous TbFe/FeAl multilayer thin film

Exchange coupling multilayer thin films, which combined giant magnetostriction and soft magnetic properties, were of growing interest for applications. The TbFe/FeAl multilayer thin films were prepared by dc magnetron sputtering onto glass substrates. The microstructure, magnetic, and magnetostrictive properties of TbFe/FeAl multilayer thin film was investigated at different annealing temperatures. The results indicated that the soft magnetic and magnetostrictive properties for TbFe/FeAl multilayer thin film compared with TbFe single layer film were obviously improved. In comparison with the intrinsic coercivity JHc of 59.2 kA/m for TbFe single layer film, the intrinsic coercivity JHc for TbFe/FeAl multilayer thin films rapidly dropped to 29.6 kA/m. After optimal annealing (350 ℃×60 min), magnetic properties of Hs=96 kA/m and JHc=16 kA/m were obtained, and magnetostrictive coefficient could reach to 574×10-6 under an external magnetic field of 400 kA·m-1 for the TbFe/FeAl multilayer thin film.     

Quasi-Static Response of Fixed Offshore Platforms to Morison-Type Wave Loadings

The stochastic response of a rigid platform is quasi-static and can be represented as a linear combination of nonlinear random wave loadings. In this study two efficient probabilistic approaches are respectively presented to estimate the higher-order statistics of mildly and highly non-Gaussian structural responses. The eigenvalue analysis of structural quasi-static response in the first approach is based on the expansion of the response in terms of independent Gaussian random variables. The second approach extends the earlier quasi-static analysis procedures to obtain the higher moments of response by including current effects and inundation effects. The interested prediction of extreme responses during a short-term storm, by mean upcrossing rates and mean extremes, can then be achieved by applying Winterstein’s functional transformation. These quantities are found in good agreement with not only Monte Carlo simulation results but also the extreme values obtained using a recently proposed method by Naess et al. in 2007.     

A modified electrometric method for measurement of erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity in sheep

A modified method was compared with an original electrometric method for measurement of erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (EChE) activity in sheep. The mean +/- SD (pH/30 min) of EChE activity of 8 sheep measured by the modified procedure (0.70 +/- 0.15) was not significantly different from that of the original method (0.64 +/- 0.12). The inherently low plasma cholinesterase activity of the sheep as measured by the 2 methods were also not significantly different from each other (0.09 +/- 0.04 vs 0.10 +/- 0.04). The coefficient of variation of the modified method in measuring EChE activity was 8%. The method was used to demonstrate in vitro inhibition of sheep EChE activity by the organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides dichlorvos and methomyl, respectively. The method could be well-suited for rapid measurement of EChE activity in sheep, especially in cases of organophosphate and possibly carbamate poisoning.     

Quantitative X-ray computed tomography

Quantitative X-ray Computed Tomography (QCT) has an advantage to be able to determine three-dimensional bone density of lumbar vertebral body compared with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) method. We introduced the high reproductable QCT method as a simplified manual operation avoiding simultaneous imaging of both patients and bone mass phantoms. The coefficient of variation of values measured by phantom study was 0.6% for 7 years in our hospital. In measuring of 144 healthy Japanese women, the bone mineral density of lumbar spine was most likely to be decreased linealy with age.     

Scrap Dissolution in Molten Iron Containing Carbon for the Case of Coupled Heat and Mass Transfer Control

The scrap dissolution in an actual process like the BOF is affected both by mass transfer and heat transfer. In this paper, the mass transfer of carbon in liquid melt is considered along with heat transfer. The approaches used in this paper to model the scrap dissolution phenomenon include the application of Green’s function, quasi-static, integral profile, and the finite difference approach for different Biot numbers. Mass transfer coefficients are calculated using the Chilton–Colburn’s analogy for the case of forced convection. Since the quasi-static approach requires the least computational time, it is used for a detailed parametric study, including the effect of other parameters like different scrap ratios and heating rates of liquid melt. The region of control of heat transfer vs mass transfer is also identified. The dissolution of mixed scrap (light and heavy scrap) is investigated for different scrap ratios and the autogenous heating rates of liquid melt, with the help of mathematical models. The heat transfer coefficient is estimated as a function of mixing energy and the mass transfer coefficient by invoking the Chilton–Colburn analogy. The permissible limits of light scrap, which can be charged into the BOF, are also suggested from the results of this model. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model is trained on the dataset (patterns) generated by the coupled heat and mass transfer model. The accuracy of the results obtained using different ANN topologies is discussed followed by a recommendation for selecting the best approach.     

Magnetovisual method for monitoring thermal demagnetization of permanent magnets used in magnetostrictive actuators

The design and measuring potential of the latest generation of the magnetic scanner called Magscanner-Maglab System （MMS） was presented. It enabled the fast acquisition of 3D signals from magnetic sensors and their visualization as digitalized mag- netic images. This system was used for monitoring of a thermal demagnetization process of permanent magnets. The original method and measurement devices were capable for examination of magnetic, mechanical and thermal defects in cylindrical rods made of NdFeB and non-rare earth components. Effectiveness of the method and device was tested for the reference demagnetized magnet dedicated for magnetostrictive actuators.     

Deformation Mechanism and Recrystallization Relationships in Galfenol Single Crystals: On the Origin of Goss and Cube Orientations

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - In this work, deformation mechanism related to recrystallization behavior in single-crystal disks of Galfenol (Fe-Ga alloy) was investigated to gain...