一种快速自适应数字图像脉冲噪声滤除算法

根据脉冲噪声的特点,利用检测窗口内像素灰度值的统计信息,自适应地将数字图像中的噪声点检测出来,滤波算法只对噪声点进行处理,用噪声点邻域内所有信号点去极值后的平均值作为噪声点的滤波输出,实验结果表明该算法的滤波性能和计算速度都明显好于常用的中值滤波,具有良好的实用价值.     

彩色图像脉冲噪声的模糊检测和滤波

提出了一种新的彩色图像脉冲噪声滤除的方法。该方法充分考虑彩色图像的颜色信息,结合模糊规则进行检测。实验结果显示,此方法不论对椒盐脉冲噪声还是均匀分布的随机值脉冲噪声都有较好的滤波效果,比VMF更好地保护了图像边缘细节。     

自适应中值滤波算法滤除医学图像脉冲噪声

实现了一种滤除医学图像脉冲噪声的自适应中值滤波算法,用均方根误差和噪声对原图像的毁坏程度两个客观评价指标对该算法及传统均值、中值滤波方法进行了比较与评价。根据设定条件检测滤波窗口中心像素是否为脉冲噪声,采取滤波窗口自适应的算法来滤除脉冲噪声,去除了传统中值滤波对所有像素均用中值代替的弊端,减少了不必要的图像细节损失。基于MATLAB的仿真实验表明,对于较大密度的脉冲噪声,该算法在有效抑制噪声的同时,能较好地保护边缘和细节信息。该算法已应用于虚拟内窥镜系统中,取得了令人满意的效果。     

图像脉冲噪声的自适应长距离相关迭代滤波法

提出一种基于局部极值噪声检测的自适应长距离相关迭代滤波算法.该算法首先采用局部极值法进行噪声检测,然后在一定的搜寻范围内计算信号点与噪声点的背景均方误差值,并以该背景均方误差值为基础采用自适应加权法进行滤波,最后将这一滤波过程进行迭代计算.实验结果表明,该算法滤波效果优于传统的滤波算法,它可以有效地去除图像中的脉冲噪声,并较好地保持图像细节信息,在噪声密度很大的情况下也表现出很好的滤波性能.     

图像脉冲噪声滤波算法

针对低噪声污染图像提出了一种改进的中值滤波算法.该算法通过计算滑动窗口内的像素均值和方差,根据数理统计特性,自适应选定阈值,对符合噪声条件的像素进行初次滤除,然后采用开关中值滤波算法对不符合条件的像素再次滤波.实验结果表明,该算法既能有效地去除噪声,又能清晰地保持图像边缘,降低了传统改进型中值滤波算法对阚值的依赖性和对图像边缘细节的损害程度,且滤波性能优于一些典型改进型中值滤波算法.     

A robust neuro-fuzzy network approach to impulse noise filtering for color images

Based on an integration of a simple impulse detector and a robust neuro-fuzzy (RNF) network, an effective impulse noise filter for color images is presented. It consists of two modes of operation, namely, training and testing (filtering). During training, the impulse detector is used to locate the noisy pixels in the color images for optimizing the RNF network. During testing, if a pixel is detected as a corrupted one according to the impulse detector, the trained RNF network will be triggered to output a new pixel to replace it. The proposed impulse noise filter is distinguished by two properties. The first is the use of a simple impulse detector, which is efficient and yet effective in detecting the noisy pixels in color images. The other is the use of a novel membership function in the design of the adaptive RNF network, making the network robust to impulse noise. As demonstrated by the experimental results, the proposed filter not only has the abilities of noise attenuation and details preservation but also possesses desirable robustness and adaptive capabilities. It outperforms other conventional multichannel filters.     

Algorithms for impulse noise removal from corrupted color images

Two effective algorithms for the removal of impulse noise from color images are proposed. The algorithms consist of two steps. The first algorithm detects outliers with the help of spatial relations between the components of a color image. Next, the detected noise pixels are replaced with the output of a vector median filter over a local spatially connected area excluding the outliers, while noise-free pixels are left unaltered. The second algorithm transforms a color image to the YCbCr color space that perfectly separates the intensity and color information. Then outliers are detected using spatial relations between transformed image components. The detected noise pixels are replaced with the output of a modified vector median filter over a spatially connected area. Simulation results in test color images show a superior performance of the proposed algorithms compared with the conventional vector median filter. The comparisons are made using the mean square error, the mean absolute error, and a subjective human visual error criterion. This article was translated by the authors. Vitaly Kober obtained his MS degree in applied mathematics from the Air-Space University of Samara (Russia) in 1984, and his PhD degree in 1992 and Doctor of Sciences degree in 2004 in image processing from the Institute of Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences. Now he is a titular researcher at the Centre de Investigación Cientifica y de Educacion Superior de Ensenada (Cicese), México. His research interests include signal and image processing, pattern recognition. Mikhail Mozerov received his MS degree in physics from Moscow State University in 1982 and his PhD degree in image processing from the Institute of Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, in 1995. He works at the Laboratory of Digital Optics of the Institute of Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences. His research interests include signal and image processing, pattern recognition, digital holography. Alvarez-Borrego Josué obtained his MS degree in optics from the Centro de Investigatión Científica y de Educatión Superior de Ensenada (Cicese), México, in 1983, and his PhD degree in optics from the Cicese in 1993. He is a titular researcher at the Cicese. His research interests include image processing and pattern recognition applied to study marine surfaces, statistical and biogenic particles. He has more than 25 scientific papers. Iosif A. Ovseyevich graduated from the Moscow Electrotechnical Institute of Telecommunications. Received candidate’s degree in 1953 and doctoral degree in information theory in 1972. At present, he is Emeritus Professor at the Institute of Information Transmission Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences. His research interests include information theory, signal processing, and expert systems. He is a Member of IEEE, Popov Radio Society.     

一种基于脉冲噪声检测的中值滤波方法

提出了一种针对图像脉冲噪声进行检测,并根据检测结果利用中值滤波滤除脉冲噪声的方法。该方法将含有脉冲噪声的子图像样本空间,通过核函数映射成为高维空间中的一个超球体,计算该球体半径R及对应的球心向量a。对于测试样本,比较其到超球体球心的距离d与球体半径R两者之间的关系,若两者差的绝对值小于某一阈值,则不存在噪声,反之存在噪声。采用中值滤波方法,对检测到的噪声点进行滤除。与其他算法相比,提出的算法对噪声的判断更加准确,滤除噪声的方式更加合理,适用的图像范围更加广泛,具有更好的滤波性能。     

自适应控制迭代的随机值脉冲噪声滤波

定义了一种更接近实际噪声情况的随机值脉冲噪声模型,针对随机值脉冲噪声的滤除提出一种自适应控制迭代次数的滤波算法。算法包括噪声检测、噪声滤除、误检像素修正和迭代控制四个步骤,对固定值脉冲噪声和随机值脉冲噪声均能有效滤除。与中值滤波算法进行实验比较,在滤除随机值脉冲噪声时,该算法滤波后图像细节信息保护较好,且滤波过程无需设定迭代参数,自适应性强。     

基于改进脉冲噪声检测的新型滤波算法*

通过分析脉冲噪声图像的数值特征,为了快速和准确地滤除图像脉冲噪声并能很好地保持图像的细节,提出了基于改进脉冲噪声检测的灰度图像和彩色图像非线性自适应滤波算法。该算法首先通过改进的噪声检测方法把图像中的噪声点标志在噪声标志矩阵中,然后采用改进中值滤波方法并有限制地自适应调整滤波窗口对灰度图像中的脉冲噪声给予有效滤除。在此基础之上,分别采用该方法对彩色图像的三个RGB子图像进行单独滤波,然后利用通道融合技术得到最终的彩色滤波图像。经过实验仿真并与国内外相关文献提出的算法相比,本方法不仅思想简单、快速、易于实现     

An efficient nonlinear approach for removing fixed-value impulse noise from grayscale images

The latest-generation earth observation instruments on airborne and satellite platforms are currently producing an almost continuous high-dimensional data stream. This exponentially growing data poses a new challenge for real-time image processing and recognition. Making full and effective use of the spectral information and spatial structure information of high-resolution remote sensing image is the key to the processing and recognition of high-resolution remote sensing data. In this paper, the adaptive multipoint moment estimation (AMME) stochastic optimization algorithm is proposed for the first time by using the finite lower-order moments and adding the estimating points. This algorithm not only reduces the probability of local optimum in the learning process, but also improves the convergence rate of the convolutional neural network (Lee Cun et al. in Advances in neural information processing systems, 1990). Second, according to the remote sensing image with characteristics of complex background and small sensitive targets, and by automatic discovery, locating small targets, and giving high weights, we proposed a feature extraction method named weighted pooling to further improve the performance of real-time image recognition. We combine the AMME and weighted pooling with the spatial pyramid representation (Harada et al. in Comput Vis Pattern Recognit 1617–1624, 2011) algorithm to form a new, multiscale, and multilevel real-time image recognition model and name it weighted spatial pyramid networks (WspNet). At the end, we use the MNIST, ImageNet, and natural disasters under remote sensing data sets to test WspNet. Compared with other real-time image recognition models, WspNet achieve a new state of the art in terms of convergence rate and image feature extraction compared with conventional stochastic gradient descent method [like AdaGrad, AdaDelta and Adam (Zeiler in Comput Sci, 2012; Kingma and Ba in Comput Sci, 2014; Duchi et al. in J Mach Learn Res 12(7):2121–2159, 2011] and pooling method [like max-pooling, avg-pooling and stochastic-pooling (Zeiler and Fergus in stochastic-pooling for regularization of deep convolutional neural networks, 2013)].     

含脉冲噪声模糊图像复原的自适应二阶变分模型 *

针对经典的基于L1数据保真项的总变分图像复原模型易导致阶梯效应和损失图像重要细节的缺陷,提出了一种基于L1数据保真项的二阶总广义变分(Total Generalized Variation, TGV)图像复原模型。为进一步提升含脉冲噪声模糊图像复原质量,在二阶TGV图像复原模型中引入边缘检测算子,使其在图像边缘区域减弱扩散,较好地保护图像边缘特征;在图像平滑区域增强扩散,有效地消除脉冲噪声和抑制阶梯效应。为稳定地复原降质图像,采用交替方向乘子法求解二阶变分模型。实验结果表明,提出的图像复原模型在消除噪声和模糊的同时,能成功抑制阶梯效应并保留图像的边缘结构特征。相比经典的图像复原模型,新模型在信噪比、相对误差和结构相似度等方面均取得了较好的图像复原效果。     

Edge preservation of impulse noise filtered images by improved anisotropic diffusion

This paper provides a robust scheme for random valued impulsive noise reduction along with edge preservation by anisotropic diffusion with improved diffusivity. The defective impulse noisy pixels are detected by Laplacian based second order pixel difference operation where these defective pixels are replaced by appropriate values with regard of the gray level of their four directional neighbors. This de-noised image undergoes the diffusion operation where diffusion coefficient function is modified to make it adaptive by incorporating local gray level variance information. The proposed modified diffusion scheme effectively restore the edges and fine details destroyed during impulse noise reduction process. The effect of proposed diffusion scheme has been studied on various images and the results are compared with some existing diffusion methods which are independently used for impulse noise reduction and edge preservation. The results shows that the prior removal of impulsive noise before the application of diffusion process is advantageous over the direct application of diffusion for removing the impulsive noise. In addition, the results of the proposed diffusion scheme are compared with some of the median filter based methods which are effectively used for impulse noise reduction without caring of edge preservation. The proposed diffusion scheme sufficiently preserves the edges without boosting of impulsive noise components on images corrupted up to 50 % of the impulsive noise density.     

Multiclass SVM based adaptive filter for removal of high density impulse noise from color images

This paper proposes a multiclass support vector machine (SVM) based adaptive filter for removal of impulse noise from color images. The quality of the image gets degraded due to the presence of impulse noise. As a result, the homogeneity amongst the pixels gets distorted that needs to be restored. The feature set comprising of prediction error, difference between the median value and the center pixel; the median value in the kernel under operation has been used during this study. The pixel of test image is processed using adaptive window based filter that depends on the associated class assigned at the testing phase. The baseline system has been designed using modified histogram based fuzzy color filter (MHFC) technique. Four set of experiments have been carried out on a large database to validate the proposed method. The performance of the technique have been evaluated using peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index measure (SSIM). The results suggest that for fixed valued impulse noise, the proposed filter performs better than the MHFC in case of high density impulse noise (>45%). However, for random valued impulse noise the proposed filter outperforms the MHFC based method for both low and high density of noise. The objective analysis suggests that there is ∼3 dB improvement in PSNR as compared to the MHFC based method for high density of impulse noise. The results of SSIM along with visual observations indicate that the image details are maintained significantly in the proposed technique as compared to existing methods.     

基于双阈值及迭代法的图像脉冲噪声检测算法

为了减少图像中的脉冲噪声对后续图像处理的影响,针对脉冲噪声的特点,提出了双阈值和迭代法的噪声检测算法。双阈值选取方法理论可靠,两次迭代保证了噪声点检测具有较高的正确率,最后的选择性中值滤波算法也使得图像的细节不被模糊。实验结果表明,所提算法具有较强的自适应性、较低的噪声漏检率以及较好的滤波效果。     

基于排序差值脉冲噪声检测的彩色图像滤波方法

提出一种针对彩色图像脉冲噪声进行检测,并根据检测结果利用改进的自适应矢量中值滤波法滤除彩色图像脉冲噪声的方法。试验结果表明,该方法能够明显地减少脉冲噪声检测过程中的噪声漏判数量,有效地去除彩色图像中的脉冲噪声,滤波后不会产生新的颜色,并能较好地保持图像的边缘与细节信息。     

A simple neuro-fuzzy impulse detector for efficient blur reduction of impulse noise removal operators for digital images

A new impulse noise detector based on neuro-fuzzy methods is presented. The proposed detector comprises two identical neuro-fuzzy subdetectors combined with a decision maker. The internal parameters of the subdetectors are adaptively adjusted by training. Training of the subdetectors is accomplished by using a simple computer generated artificial image. The detector can be combined with any impulse noise removal operator. The operation of the detector is completely independent of the noise removal operator and it has no influence on the filtering behavior of the operator. Experimental results show that the proposed detector significantly reduces the distortion effects of any impulse noise removal operator even if the operator already has its own noise detector.     

Removal of impulse noise in color images based on convolutional neural network

A new denoising framework based on deep convolutional neural network for suppressing impulse noise in color images is proposed in this paper. The proposed framework consists of two modules: noise detection and image reconstruction, both of which are implemented by a deep convolutional neural network. First, a noise classifier network is trained to detect random-valued impulse noise in a color image, which not only can detect the noisy color vector pixels but also can further identify the corrupted channels of each noisy color pixel. Then, a sparse clean color image is computed by replacing the values of noisy channels with 0 and keeping other noise-free channels unchanged. Finally, the sparse clean color image is fed to another denoiser network to reconstruct the denoised image. Experimental results show that the proposed denoiser outperforms other state-of-the-art methods clearly in both performance measure and visual evaluation.     

Evaluation of speckle noise MAP filtering algorithms applied to SAR images

This work proposes new speckle reduction filters for multi-look, amplitude-detected Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images based on the maximum a posteriori (MAP) approach and compares their performance. The new filters use an adaptive approach based on the one-dimensional k-means clustering algorithm over the variance ratio and also a region-growing procedure. The trade-off between the loss of radiometric resolution and edge preservation is evaluated in the filtered images. In order to obtain quantitative measures of the speckle reduction and of the edge blurring, we used some parameters such as the classical equivalent number of looks and the Hough transform. Experiments have been carried out with natural images corrupted with synthetic speckle noise following the Rayleigh and square root of gamma distributions and with real SAR images.