基于企业资源管理的物料供应链管理

为有效解决目前企业中物料供应存在的计划周期长、收货速度慢、准确性差等问题，对企业资源管理（Enterprise Resource Planning，ERP）进行介绍，基于一个ERP项目——企业-供应商关系管理（Electronic-Supplier Relationship Management，e-SRM）描述物料供应链管理系统解决方案的设计思想、整体采构、业务流程、关键技术和系统特点等，可解决供需双方信息沟通不畅和物料供应困难等问题。     

Competitive advantage of enterprise resource planning vendors in Iran

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) has become one of the competitive advantages for companies around the globe and the dynamic force driving the process of global integration through information. Governmental organizations are increasing their adoption of these systems for various benefits such as integrated real-time information, better administration, and result-based management. Reaching the standard level of being a global company, organizations are concerned about this application and invest in this project for many years and, as a result, help the company reduce the cost and increase the efficiency and effectiveness. Iranian organizations, along with multi-national companies, attempt to be a good player in the flow of this change. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate and determine the competitive environment of ERP vendors implementing their product in Iranian context. The authors investigated the activities of both international and local ERP vendors established in the country and analyzed them by their advantages and potentials.     

Drivers and effects of enterprise resource planning post-implementation learning

The use of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems has grown enormously since 1990, but the failure to completely learn how to use them continues to produce disappointing results. Today's rapidly changing business environment and the integrative applications of ERP systems force users to continuously learn new skills after ERP implementation. This study explores the effects of post-implementation learning on ERP usage and ERP impact and identifies the factors that can impact post-implementation learning, such as social capital and post-training self-efficacy. This study employs a survey method to examine the perceptions of ERP users. The theoretical model is tested by using structural equation modelling on a dataset of 812 users. This study finds that post-implementation learning has a significant positive effect on ERP usage and ERP impact, and that social capital and post-training self-efficacy are important antecedent factors of post-implementation learning. Post-training self-efficacy also significantly affects ERP usage and ERP impact. The implications for research, practice and future research directions are discussed.     

Modeling use of enterprise resource planning systems: a path analytic study

In this research, we evaluated user participation and involvement in the context of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. Since ERP systems are enterprise-wide in scope, these systems have a high level of complexity, and require a different implementation methodology. While most studies analyze implementation at an organization or industry level, there is a dearth in research in ERP system adoption at the individual or user level. In our study, we examine ERP system acceptance at the individual level. In this research, we expected to find differences in the nature of user participation and involvement in ERP compared to other information systems. Using Barki and Hartwick's extension of the theory of reasoned action, a revised model was developed and tested empirically. While Barki and Hartwick's model explains user behavior vis-à-vis user participation and involvement, a more parsimonious model demonstrates that usage dynamics in ERP implementation are different. We complemented our statistical analysis by three case studies. Based on our results we believe that, given the nature of ERP and its implementation, traditionally formalized links between influencers of users' attitude and involvement may need to be revised. We have discussed why we need to seek alternate forms of influencers. In doing so, we suggest that investments be made in preparatory work practices and employee development prior to ERP decisions. Such investments are complementary to information technology and are widespread throughout the firm. We believe that such investments will play a significant role in influencing the attitude of users toward any system and also their involvement.     

Implementing enterprise resource planning systems: organizational performance and the duration of the implementation

This paper examines the impact of the duration of ERP implementation on firm performance both during and after implementation. Organizations choose either an accelerated implementation approach or a traditional (longer) implementation approach. The former approach gives the organization the advantage of speed, but the disadvantage of fitting its processes to that of a packaged (thus, undifferentiated from competitors) ERP. The latter approach allows the organization to redesign strategy and processes, and thus, search for ways to be unique from its competition. The study uses a regression model to capture the changes in various performance measures during and after implementation between firms that implemented the ERP, using the performance measure of a matched group of firms that did not implement an ERP as a benchmark/control sample, on the basis of the duration of the implementation. Financial data from Compustat, and data on start date and end date of ERP implementation between 1990 and 2005 for firms in the Oil and Gas industry was collected from an ERP vendor. Results show that measures such as return on sales improved after implementation. However, measures such as inventory turnover, which reflect operational benefits, improve during implementation. We find that accelerated implementation confers both operational and strategic benefits. This study highlights the strategic consequences of the different choices of implementation.     

The implementation of enterprise resource planning packages in different organisational and national cultures

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) packages provide generic off-the-shelf business and software solutions to customers. However, these packages are implemented in companies with different organisational and national cultures, and there is growing evidence that failure to adapt ERP packages to fit these cultures leads to projects that are expensive and late. This paper describes research that synthesises social science theories of culture to handle the impact of culture on ERP package implementation more efficiently. It describes a knowledge meta-schema for modelling the surface and the deeper manifestations of culture. It reports an empirical study into the implementation of SAP R/3's sales and distribution (SD) module in a large pharmaceuticals organisation in Scandinavia and the UK. Results provide evidence for an association between organisational culture and ERP implementation problems but no direct evidence for an association between national culture and implementation problems. Furthermore, results demonstrate that these diverse implementation problems can be caused by a mismatch between a small set of core values indicative of a customer's organisational culture. At the end of the paper, our predictions are reviewed, conclusions are made about them and about the work of the key authors of national and organisational culture, and future work is discussed.     

基于自组织的网格资源发现方法的研究

为了提高网格资源发现的效率以及系统的稳定性,提出了一种可以自组织的三层网格服务资源结构.这种结构能够将系统中的结点进行有效的自组织,即结点按照各自的特点,自动组成虚拟组织并选出一个主索引结点,然后主索引结点动态地选出全局索引结点,另外还能够根据系统的具体状况选择适当的资源查找算法,从而提高了查找效率.仿真结果证明,这种结构是稳定可靠的,同时具有很高的查询效率.     

网格计算中基于移动Agent的资源发现机制

网格计算中资源发现是一种相当关键的技术,为了更有效地发现并组织资源以满足应用程序的需要,分析了现有两种主要的资源发现技术,在LDAP（Light Directory Access Protocol）目录服务技术的基础上,结合移动Agent技术,提出了一种基于移动Agent的资源发现机制。详细介绍它的总体框架、工作机制,并给出了性能分析。     

Periodicity in software vulnerability discovery,patching and exploitation

Periodicity in key processes related to software vulnerabilities need to be taken into account for assessing security at a given time. Here, we examine the actual multi-year field datasets for some of the most used software systems (operating systems and Web-related software) for potential annual variations in vulnerability discovery processes. We also examine weekly periodicity in the patching and exploitation of the vulnerabilities. Accurate projections of the vulnerability discovery process are required to optimally allocate the effort needed to develop patches for handling discovered vulnerabilities. A time series analysis that combines the periodic pattern and longer-term trends allows the developers to predict future needs more accurately. We analyze eighteen datasets of software systems for annual seasonality in their vulnerability discovery processes. This analysis shows that there are indeed repetitive annual patterns. Next, some of the datasets from a large number of major organizations that record the result of daily scans are examined for potential weekly periodicity and its statistical significance. The results show a 7-day periodicity in the presence of unpatched vulnerabilities, as well as in the exploitation pattern. The seasonal index approach is used to examine the statistical significance of the observed periodicity. The autocorrelation function is used to identify the exact periodicity. The results show that periodicity needs to be considered for optimal resource allocations and for evaluation of security risks.     

基于企业网格的JMS中资源管理方法的研究

为集中和有效管理企业网格中的资源,提出了多级资源管理模型,该模型能根据系统规模大小调整资源管理树的深度和广度,模型中的中级调度器间的交互提高了系统的容错性.多级资源管理模型应用在JMS中,解决了资源描述、资源需求描述、资源查询和资源匹配等问题,为实现有效利用企业IT资源的目标提供了理论基础和技术保障.     

A survey on resource discovery mechanisms,peer-to-peer and service discovery frameworks

Service and resource discovery has become an integral part of modern networked systems. In this survey we give an overview of the existing solutions for service and resource discovery for a wide variety of network types. We cover techniques used in existing systems, as well as recent developments from the research front. We also provide taxonomy for discovery systems and architectures, and review the various algorithms and search methods applicable for such systems. Peer-to-peer overlays are discussed in detail and solutions for non-IP-based networks are also included in the review. We also specifically comment on issues related to wireless networks, and give an overview of the various issues and complications that should be considered in future work in this domain.     

Efficient resource allocation scheme for multi-service based on interference mitigation in LTE-Advanced networks

The exponential growth of various services demands the increased capacity of the next-generation broadband wireless access networks, which is toward the deployment of femtocell in macrocell network based on orthogonal frequency division multiple access. However, serious time-varying interference obstructs this macro/femto overlaid network to realize its true potential. In this article, we present a macro services guaranteed resource allocation scheme, which can mitigate various dominant interferences and provide multiple services in macro/femto overlaid Third-Generation Partnership Project Long Term Evolution-Advanced networks. We model our multiple services resource allocation scheme into a multiobjective optimization problem, which is a non-deterministic polynomial-time （NP）-hard problem. Then, we give a low-complexity algorithm consisting of two layers based on chordal graph. Simulation results verify that the proposed scheme can achieve better efficiency than the previous works and raise the satisfaction ratio of Guaranteed Bit Rate （GBR） services while improving the average performance of non-GBR services.     

Impact of visualization type and contextual factors on performance with enterprise resource planning systems

We studied the use of two types of graphic information visualization to support human operators performing tasks using enterprise resource planning systems (ERP). We compared the original display design of a commercial ERP system with a prototype information visualization design. A simulated supply chain was used to test the hypothesis that graphical visualization can improve the performance of the human operator using ERP systems for supply chain management. Tasks from the production and purchasing domains were tested in the experiment in which experienced and inexperienced human operators had to perform tasks of an easy, moderate, and difficult nature. Analysis of the results revealed that the two types of graphical visualization significantly reduced response time, particularly with inexperienced users performing difficult tasks. Our results imply that some graphic information visualization displays for ERP systems can increase the probability of a successful implementation and enhance the capabilities of the human operators.     

Assessing the impact of quality determinants and user characteristics on successful enterprise resource planning project implementation

As barriers to transnational trade and investment have been lowered due to globalization, and information and communication technologies have improved, multinational firms can conduct operations with increased ease. Enterprises can also utilize cost-advantageous production resources and export products to expand their global market. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems serve the purpose and have become useful instruments for managing multinational operations. Notably, ERP systems integrate information platforms to reflect operations at each operation point in real time and generate information as a basis for decision-making and resource allocations. Thus, ERP systems are essential to global logistics management and collaboration. However, vertical and horizontal evaluations of information systems are necessary to determining the effectiveness and success of project implementation. This study examines the impact of quality determinants from literature in assessing benefits using an information systems success model. The cause-and-effect relationships between model constructs are tested using structural equation modeling. An empirical study of leading manufacturers adopting ERP systems is used to investigate corporate benefits related to information quality, system quality, service quality, system use, and user satisfaction. The analytical results can be a reference for practitioners and researchers evaluating the effectiveness of management information systems.     

Marketplace issues in software planning and design

Software management and project decisions must consider many factors. The most recognized return-on-investment drivers include the value to users; the cost of development, maintenance, upgrades, and customer support; and the risks of project failure, budget overrun, and revenue shortfall. We focus on other ROI issues related to positioning software in the marketplace, which serves as an intermediary between a software supplier organization and its customers. Rather than discuss contracted software development for specific customers or open-source software efforts, we emphasize the uncertainties and strategic issues that suppliers encounter in selling or licensing software in the general marketplace. We categorize these issues by the standard ROI measures of revenue, cost, and risk.     

基于挣值的Scrum软件过程人力资源调度方法

为了解决传统人力资源调度方法对主观判断和个人经验的过度依赖,提出用挣值来客观地衡量人力资源的收益,并实现了Serum软件过程人力资源调度方法.利用Scrum软件过程产生的真实项目数据,基于挣值对人力资源进行客观稳定的评价和调度,可辅助项目管理的日常决策,促进人力资源调度优化,提高资源的投入回报,使软件开发过程灵活地响应项目变化.根据该方法设计和开发了相应的人力资源调度系统.     

Intelligent policy recommendations on enterprise resource planning by the use of agent technology and data mining techniques

Enterprise Resource Planning systems tend to deploy Supply Chain Management and/or Customer Relationship Management techniques, in order to successfully fuse information to customers, suppliers, manufacturers and warehouses, and therefore minimize system-wide costs while satisfying service level requirements. Although efficient, these systems are neither versatile nor adaptive, since newly discovered customer trends cannot be easily integrated with existing knowledge. Advancing on the way the above mentioned techniques apply on ERP systems, we have developed a multi-agent system that introduces adaptive intelligence as a powerful add-on for ERP software customization. The system can be thought of as a recommendation engine, which takes advantage of knowledge gained through the use of data mining techniques, and incorporates it into the resulting company selling policy. The intelligent agents of the system can be periodically retrained as new information is added to the ERP. In this paper, we present the architecture and development details of the system, and demonstrate its application on a real test case.     

A method for software quality planning, control, and evaluation

Squid is a method and a tool for quality assurance and a control that allows a software development organization to plan and control product quality during development. The Telescience software development project used it to build a remote monitoring and control system based in Antarctica     

Guest editorial: special issue on modeling and mitigation techniques for software aging

Software Quality Journal -     

基于OPC技术的PDM与ERP互连实现方法研究

产品数据管理系统和企业资源计划系统是企业信息化的两大核心内容,本文通过对产品数据管理系统PDM和企业资源计划系统集成需求及互联方法进行分析,根据现有的ERP主流结构及互联的两种基本方式,分析并设计了利用开放数据互联(OLE)技术的程序主要流程,对于提高企业信息共享程度和缩短产品开发周期意义显著.