信号自适应去噪方法的仿真研究

研究信号问题,实际中信号都带有噪声.对不同的信号寻找最佳的去噪方法一直是信号处理和检测的主要问题,传统的信号去噪方法存在基函数单一,或者基函数难以选择的问题,使去噪效果不理想.提出一种新的基于Hilbert-Huang变换的自适应的信号去噪方法,解决了传统去噪方法存在的问题,提高了信号去噪的效果.方法是一种新的分析非线性非平稳信号的时频方法,包括经验模态分解(EMD)和Hilbert变换两部分,从信号本身的尺度特征出发对信号进行EMD分解,得到一组固有模态函数,具有良好的局部自适应性.进行仿真证明,方法的基函数具有自适应性,能很好的匹配信号的特征,既能分析平稳信号又能分析非平稳信号,尤其是对短时的非平稳信号进行去噪是非常有效的.     

基于傅立叶短时分析的敏感语音信号提取

傅立叶变换在信号处理中具有十分重要的作用,在语音信号处理中,傅立叶变换在传统上也一直起主要作用。然而,语音信号是一个非平稳过程,因此适用于周期信号、瞬变信号或平稳随机信号的标准傅立叶变换不能用来直接表示语音信号。本文利用傅立叶短时分析实现了对语音信号中敏感信息的提取,具有一定的实用性和创新性。     

基于时频分布的非平稳信号盲分离算法

针对传统的盲源分离方法往往忽略信号非平稳性的问题,基于从瞬时线性混合模型的观测信号中分离出相互独立的源信号,并针对信号具有非平稳性,结合时频分析和盲源分离各自的特点,对非平稳信号盲分离进行了研究,并提出了一种新的具有不同空间时频分布的非平稳盲分离算法.仿真实验表明,通过采用维纳全时频域搜索来寻找局部最大值的平滑伪Wigner-Ville分布,该算法可以抑制交叉项而且能够保持时频聚集性,并达到了很好的分离效果.     

一种平稳子空间分析的快速不动点算法

平稳子空间分析是新近发展的一种信号处理和数据分析技术,能够从观测到的多维非平稳信号中分离出平稳源信号。标准的平稳子空间分析算法基于Stiefel流形上的梯度下降方法。针对该算法收敛慢、耗时多的缺陷,根据关于Stiefel流形上优化问题的一阶最优性条件构造了迭代公式,提出一种新的平稳子空间分析的不动点算法。仿真实验表明,本文算法能够有效地分离出平稳源信号,分离性能优于已有的平稳子空间分析的不动点算法;与标准的基于Stiefel流形上梯度下降的算法相比,本文算法收敛更快,耗时更少。     

基于非线性混沌理论的非平稳信号的比较分析

本文研究采用基于非线性混沌理论的两种非线性参数估计方法(代替数据法和Lyapunov指数估计法)对非平稳信号进行分析.首先对上述两种非线性方法的具体算法进行介绍,然后对两组本质不同的非平稳振动信号进行对比分析.这两组信号是通过测试具有不同非线性约束边界条件的薄壁构件获得.分析结果表明,在时域波形上直观相似的非平稳信号,用上述非线性混沌分析的方法可以有效地加以定量区分.     

一种基于HHT鼠笼型异步电机转子断条故障信号分析方法

希尔伯特-黄变换是一种新的信号处理方法,具有时频自适应性,可以用于分析各类信号,包括平稳、非平稳信号,线性、非线性信号等.它的核心经验模态分解实际上就是对信号进行平稳化处理,将信号用不同尺度上波动的序列的和来表示,其瞬时频率谱可准确反映信号的物理意义.将希尔伯特-黄变换用于提取鼠笼型异步电机转子断条故障特征信号的处理,...     

基于AR模型的盲源分离方法

不同时间结构的平稳随机信号具有不同的模型结构,平稳随机信号可以由白噪声激励一自回归(AR)模型得到,在某种意义上AR模型与线性预测模型等价.因此,在盲源分离中线性预测模型可以作为度量信号分离的测度.为此从信号预测模型的角度出发分析推导了一种新的盲源分离算法,并进行了计算机仿真验证,实验结果表明该算法简单有效,便于工程实...     

基于小波变换的多焦视觉电生理信号去噪研究

多焦视觉电生理信号具有较强的随机性和背景噪声,且又属于非线性、非平稳的微弱信号,用Fourier变换来进行去噪处理其效果不是特别理想.小波变换(WT)具有优良的时间-频域分析和多分辨分析特性,可以用来处理非平稳随机信号,能获得更多的、具有诊断价值的信息,因此WT成为多焦视觉电生理信号的一种可行有效的去噪处理方法.文章基...     

基于时频分析方法的桥梁结构健康监测系统

桥梁的振动信号作为反映桥梁结构健康状况的重要指标,具有非线性、非平稳特点.时烦分析方法是非平稳信号处理的重要分支,该方法利用时间和频率的联合函数来表示非平稳信号,并进行分析和处理.本文针对杭州下沙大桥桥梁结构健康监测系统采集的振动信号,分别利用小波分析和HHT方法进行多尺度分解、去噪与重构,并对两种时频分析方法进行比较...     

循环平稳理论的发展与应用

随着现代信号处理技术的进步,可以更加有效的处理非线性、非平稳、非高斯信号。循环平稳理论的主要研究对象是非平稳信号。本文从循环平稳理论的概念入手,介绍了循环平稳理论在算法本身方面的研究进展,并分析了与其它算法的结合应用情况,以及在不同领域的应用情况。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.