高压CO_2对聚丙烯溶胀行为的影响

高压CO2对聚丙烯具有塑化作用。高压DSC分析表明,随着压力的升高,聚丙烯熔点和熔融焓不断下降,在0~6 M Pa范围内熔点下降速率约为0.128℃/0.1 M Pa。由于受到高压CO2的溶胀作用影响的差异,SEM显示iPP在形貌上未发生明显变化,而rPP则变化明显,甚至因为发泡产生了纳米微孔。     

等通道转角挤压自增强等规聚丙烯研究

为了研究等通道转角挤压等规聚丙烯的挤压工艺条件、结构与性能之间的关系,采用90°转角模具及挤压路径A、在熔点以下的160℃制备了不同挤压次数的等规聚丙烯样品,利用广角X射线衍射(WAXD)、差示扫描量热分析(DSC)等手段对其结构进行表征.结果表明,随挤压次数增加,等规聚丙烯分子取向明显增加,材料结晶度提高,试样的力学性能提高十分显著,未挤压试样的抗拉强度为17.13 MPa,经过三次挤压后,抗拉强度提高到59.38 MPa.     

聚丙烯发泡塑料性能突显研究开发大有可为

正泡沫塑料中,聚丙烯PP发泡材料有很多优点:聚丙烯刚性优于聚乙烯PE,PP弯曲模量大约为1.52GPa,PE仅为207MPa,耐化学性与PE相似;聚丙烯的玻璃化温度低于室温,抗冲击性能优于PS,而且相比PS泡沫的难回收性,聚丙烯泡沫是一种环境友好的材料;聚丙烯有较高的热变形温度,可以在一些高温领域中应用。聚丙烯是一种结晶聚合物,其发泡只能在结晶熔点附近进行,超过熔点熔体粘     

高压密相流体中超声空化现象的研究

利用空化测试材料研究了超声在高压密相流体CO2中的空化效应,并从理论上进行了分析。实验发现在相同功率的超声作用下,空化测试材料在高压液体CO2中能产生明显的空洞,但在超临界CO2无空洞产生,说明超声能在高压液体CO2(亚临界)产生超声空化现象,而不能在超临界CO2中产生空化现象。理论分析表明,当CO2处于高压液体状态时,由于CO2具有很高的蒸汽压,抵消了外界的高压,因此超声能够产生空化效应;而当CO2处于超临界状态时,由于体系不存在汽-液界面,因此阻碍了空化现象的产生。     

聚丙烯发泡塑料性能突显研究开发大有可为(上)

聚丙烯是一种结晶聚合物,其发泡只能在结晶熔点附近进行,超过熔点熔体粘度迅速下降。通用聚丙烯树脂的熔体强度很低,发泡成型非常困难。但和其他聚烯烃材料相比,聚丙烯具有较高的刚性、优良的力学性能、良好的热和化学稳定性。首先综述了研究开发聚丙烯发泡材料成为创新热点,接着分析了聚丙烯发泡材料的性能特点及应用领域,然后介绍聚丙烯材料的发泡制备技术,最后讨论聚丙烯泡沫塑料的成型工艺,同时指出了聚丙烯材料发泡制品的应用与市场发展前景。     

膜法海水吸收烟气中二氧化碳的试验研究

采用自制聚丙烯中空纤维膜接触器,以海水作为吸收剂,对模拟烟气中CO2进行吸收试验研究,主要考察烟气流量、CO2浓度、海水流量、海水pH值及膜填充率对CO2脱除率及膜接触器传质性能的影响.研究结果表明:(1)提高烟气流量或CO2浓度能提高膜接触器对CO2的处理量,导致脱碳率下降;(2)提高海水流量能明显提高脱碳率和传质速率;(3)提高海水pH可增大海水对CO2的吸收能力,直接决定了海水对CO2的吸收机制;(4)增大膜接触器填充率所对应的脱碳率并非最高,有效气液接触面积是影响脱碳率和过程传质的重要因素.     

超临界二氧化碳在聚苯乙烯中的吸附和解吸附过程

系统地研究了PS与超临界CO2的相互作用,用40℃～80℃,15MPa～30MPa条件下的CO2处理0.67mm厚的PS膜,浸泡6h～10h。用Fickian扩散理论对PS膜的CO2解吸附数据进行处理。得出CO2的饱和吸附量为9.7%(80℃,15MPa)至13.5%(40℃,25MPa),解吸附扩散系数Dd为1.65×10-11m2/s至4.26×10-11m2/s。且它随着CO2吸附量的增长而下降。     

纳米TiO2、纳米ZnO对聚丙烯抗紫外光老化及结晶性能的影响

借助DSC、FT-IR、DM A现代分析表征技术,首次以马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯作为聚丙烯/纳米T iO2或纳米ZnO复合材料的相容剂和相分散剂,系统研究了它们对聚丙烯的耐紫外光老化性能的影响,同时,探讨了纳米T iO2和纳米ZnO对聚丙烯的结晶成核作用。研究结果表明,纳米T iO2、纳米ZnO的加入使PP的β-晶型熔融峰消失,对聚丙烯结晶有明显的成核促进作用;随着紫外光老化时间的延长,PP熔融峰高度下降,峰宽和熔融温度基本不变,1750 cm-1处的峰面积增加幅度减小;纳米T iO2和纳米ZnO可以减缓PP在紫外光照射下的降解速度,提高PP对外界能量的耗散作用;PP纳米复合材料的损耗模量明显增大,阻尼因子(即tanδ)在添加PP-g-M AH后峰值也明显下降。     

碳短纤维对ZrB2-SiC基超高温陶瓷力学性能的影响

ZrB2-SiC基材料具有高熔点,高热导率,高电导率和良好的化学稳定性,可以在高超声速的极端条件下工作.但是这种材料的主要问题是低的断裂韧性,为了改善这一性能,将碳短纤维加入到ZrB2-20%(体积分数)SiC中热压烧结,得到了断裂韧性明显提高的试样,从2.0MPa·m 1/2提高到 6.56MPa·m 1/2,同时弯曲强度略有降低,从502MPa降至445MPa,弹性模量也有所降低,从414GPa降至322GPa.为了深入理解这种变化,建立了模型来计算纤维造成的影响,计算结果与实验结果比较接近,证明对于本实验的材料体系,用该模型来解释是合理的.     

蒙脱土填充聚丙烯的等温结晶动力学

用示差扫描量热法(DSC)研究蒙脱土对聚丙烯的等温结晶的影响，结果表明，蒙脱土对聚丙烯的结晶起到了异相成核的作用，提高了聚丙烯的结晶速率，结晶一半时的时间tl／2明显缩短，熔点升高，结晶度增大。用Avrami方程进行等温结晶动力学研究，参数n对结晶温度有依赖性，PP／Mont复合材料的k值随温度的升高而减小。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.