保偏光纤定轴技术的仿真及实验分析

根据保偏光纤侧视成像定轴原理,应用光线追迹方法,分析了保偏光纤侧视成像定轴过程,模拟考察了熊猫型保偏光纤侧视成像的光强分布与偏振轴方位角及物平面位置的关系.对比仿真结果和实验观测结果,对五指型光强分布特征值判断法进行了改进.比较了透镜效应侧视成像的不同定轴方法,发现改进的五指型光强分布特征值判断法的特征值在90°位置附近具有更高的定轴精度,更易于实现保偏光纤偏振主轴的定位.这种方法适用于制作保偏光纤耦合器和保偏光纤偏振器时,在偏振主轴0°或90°方位角时的高精度定轴.     

保偏光纤侧视成像光强分析及定轴方法研究

保偏光纤偏振轴方位角的确定和调整对改善光纤器件性能有重要意义。为进一步提高定轴精度,国内科研人员在透镜放应侧视(POL)法的基础上提出了五点法、五指法等,其理论定轴精度有所提高。但由于此类方法是建立在特定光强分布的前提下,对成像面调节要求较高,因此其实用性受限。该文以保偏光纤侧视成像为基础,通过对保偏光纤不同成像面的侧视成像光强分布作了大量仿真分析发现,光纤旋转至慢轴与水平方向成0°角附近时,光强分布会发生明显变化,利用这一现象可对0°位置进行识别。因此,该文改变了以往通过寻找某特定光强分布进行定轴的思路,提出了通过对0°位置进行识别的定轴方法,该方法通过简单的图像处理和数据分析即可判断偏振轴的偏转情况,适用的成像面位置范围也相对更宽,可操作性强,实用前景好。     

基于双光束光源的保偏光纤定轴方法研究

现有保偏光纤侧视成像法多依赖于某特定形貌光强分布,对成像面位置调整要求高、通用性差。为了提高保偏光纤定轴灵敏度、增加方法的通用性、提高定轴稳定性,采用双光束光源取代单光束光源对保偏光纤进行侧视成像的方法,改变了以往通过调整成像面寻找特定形貌光强分布的思路,并进行了理论分析、仿真模拟和实验验证。结果表明,采用双光束光源进行侧视成像时,光强分布成双峰型,选择双峰光强值之和为特征值,建立特征值与偏转角度的对应关系,利用互相关分析可对偏转角进行确定,该方法不仅保持了透镜效应侧视法适用成像面范围广的优点,而且定轴灵敏度平均优于单光束光源侧视成像定轴法11.88%。该研究具有良好的实用前景。     

保偏光纤自动化定轴方法研究

以保偏光纤自动化定轴设备研制为目标,通过理论分析及仿真结果对偏振主轴检测方法(POL)在不同像平面上的光强分布特性进行了研究,提出了基于五点特征的改进POL方法,并建立了POL特征随观测平面位置变化的规律。通过在对轴平台上的实验,验证了本文的仿真结果及改进方法。结果表明该方法比传统采用中心光强检测的POL方法具有更高的精度及分辨率,适合应用于自动化对轴设备。     

保偏光纤侧视定轴技术仿真及实验分析

通过建立POL(Polarization Observation by The Lens-Effective Tracing)保偏光纤定轴系统仿真模型,分析了定轴过程中光纤发生微小位移以及相机像元尺寸所产生的误差。为了减少该种误差,实现自动对轴,提出了一种基于POL技术的保偏光纤定轴方法——POLF(Polarization Observation by The Lens-Effective with Fiber-Focus)定轴法。对该定轴方法进行了仿真验证,并通过对轴实验对其定轴精度进行了验证。实验结果证明POLF定轴算法能够实现优于1°的定轴精度。     

保偏光纤侧视光强相关峰锐度的定轴方法

在保偏光纤偏振轴的定位和对准技术中，侧视成像法为目前的主要方法。现有的侧视成像法对光强形貌特征具有较高要求，为了提高它们的通用性，提出了基于侧视光强相关峰锐度的定轴方法。该方法首先通过侧视光强曲线间的相关运算得到相关系数曲线，进而利用相关系数曲线的峰值尖锐程度作为特征值。相比于传统侧视成像法，该方法不受光强形貌特征的限制，因此具有更强的通用性。为了提高该方法的精度，对不同观测平面的定轴精度进行了比较，从而确定了具有理想定轴精度的观测平面范围。在此基础之上，对该方法的实际精度进行了实验验证，结果表明:利用该方法可以获得优于0.9的定轴精度。     

基于五点特征值的匹配型保偏光纤定轴新方法

匹配型保偏光纤偏振主轴的精确定位是制作保偏耦合器的关键。由于这类光纤两应力区与包层在普通显微镜中的侧视成像特征不明显,不容易直接定轴。为了实现匹配型保偏光纤的自动对轴,提出了一种利用与光纤方位角关系更敏感的五点特征量的定轴方法。实测表明此方法较透镜效应侧视法曲线特征更明显,更易于实现偏振主轴的定位,并且提高了测量精度。     

基于五指型光强分布的保偏光纤定轴方法

保偏光纤偏振主轴的精确定位是保偏光纤应用中的关键技术之一。文中在观察到保偏光纤侧视图像的光强分布呈五指型的实验基础上,提出了一种用于保偏光纤定轴的新方法,即五指型光强分布特征值判断法。实测表明,用于保偏光纤定轴时,在0°附近,与现有的其它定轴方法相比,五指型光强分布特征值判断法的特征更明显,提高了定轴的灵敏度。此新方法可用于制作保偏光纤器件时,在0°附近的高精度定轴。     

匹配型熊猫光纤的相衬法定轴技术的仿真分析

从匹配型熊猫光纤的结构及相衬显微技术物理图像出发 ,建立起仿真数学模型 ,计算机仿真了相衬法定轴技术。仿真数学模型考虑了匹配型熊猫光纤的应力折射率分布、相衬成像原理、光纤在物镜观察面上的相衬成像偏差等物理图像。计算机仿真分析得到了相衬法确定匹配型保偏光纤双折射光轴的光强特征图像。仿真结果与实验得到的光强图像相符合。此方法已成功地应用于定轴实验 ,定轴分辨率小于 2°     

端面成像熊猫保偏光纤的偏振轴检测方法及精度分析

针对目前已有的横向观测偏振轴 检测技术精度不高的问题,提出了一种端面成像保偏光纤(PMF)偏振轴高精度检测方法,采 用基于轮廓特 征的自适应阈值分割技术提高应力区识别的速度和鲁棒性,采用同心圆加权平均定位技 术提高应力区 的定位精度,并分析了定轴误差的影响因素。仿真和实验表明,本文的端面成像PMF偏振轴 检测方法能够达到±0.1°的精度。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.