Software for robotic simulation

The last few years have witnessed a large increase in use of computer graphics to simulate the robotic performance. The utilization of graphic simulation and programming has greatly enhanced the design, control, and productivity of robotic applications, especially in manufacturing. When designing and controlling robotic systems, computer graphics can be used to evaluate how the robot will react to and perform within the production environment before significant time, capital, and expense are incurred. Graphic simulation enables the designer not only to select the right robot but also to program it to perform the task in the most efficient way. The purpose of this paper is to review the recent advances in graphic techniques and to evaluate available software packages for simulating the motion of robots. The equipment associated with the software packages is also discussed.     

Interactive computer graphics for assisting human programmers

A theory exists that a graphic ‘transfer function’ of humans may be characterizable. A computer graphic terminal trained with an understanding of this function may be capable of identifying with a human and appreciably raising the potential quality of human/computer graphic dialog. An Interactive Computer Graphic Assisted Programming (ICGAP) system is described which uses computer graphics to aid in the construction of computer graphic programs, conveniencing interactive computer graphic experiments.The rich, relatively untapped fields of art and psychology deserve computer graphic science's attention. An example of one area is the psychologist's model of the process of representationalism.     

三维动画中常用计算机图形学知识的教学探究

在艺术院校,学生缺乏一些应有计算机图形学的了解,使其以机械记忆的方式学习三维动画软件,而不知其原理,操作时有较大盲目性,也很难发挥软件的一些高级功能。三维动画中常用计算机图形学是学好三维动画必备知识。但计算机图形学抽象,对理性思维较弱的艺术院校学生来说,易产生理解困难,甚至反感抵触。文章结合计算机图形学的特性和艺术院校学生的特点,对艺术院校三维动画中常用计算机图形学的教学内容和原则进行论述。     

试论电脑美术与传统视觉艺术的关系

电脑技术发展日新月异,电脑美术设计水平也得到了很大的提高。电脑美术设计借助电脑这一制作工具,为现代设计的发展提供了便利的条件。本文主要对电脑美术设计和传统视觉艺术关系进行了讨论,首先对电脑美术设计进行了概述,然后论述了电脑美术设计和传统设计的关系,最后对电脑美术开拓设计新领域的情况进行了详细阐述。     

图形语言的延伸——传统图形语言对平面设计的启发

在经济全球化和文化多元化同时并进的时代,设计领域各种思想发生着强烈的碰撞和融合。国外各种新思潮的涌入和渗透,动摇着我们固有的价值观与审美观,使我们的作品越来越远离民族的个性和丧失自身的话语权。本文从分析传统图形语言的艺术魅力,肯定传统图形的民族独特性入手,研究传统图形的联想和拓展。探索平面设计中图形的形象化表现,意象化表现,"形"与"意"的综合表现手法,并探讨传统图形语言在平面设计中的再现。     

Graphic design for computer graphics

Because computer graphics systems are capable of sophisticated displays of typography, symbols, color, spatial organization, and temporal sequencing, it is appropriate to seek principles for designing effective communication from the discipline of graphic design whose expertise lies in programming visible language. Examples of the author's work are cited to demonstrate how graphic design can improve three different types of computer graphics.     

Virtual instrumentation for pH measurements in biological systems.

In the present communication a personal computer control methodology for pH data acquisition and analysis in biological systems is reported. The instrumental control, acquisition, storage, processing and presentation of the experimental data are provided by a data acquisition board, a graphical programming software and numerical analysis/graphics software. The major objective of this work is to improve the performance and flexibility of the personal computer acquisition system compared with traditional approaches depending on potentiometric recorders. In particular, virtual instruments for interfacing pH meters of different brands to a personal computer and for measuring proton changes in lightly buffered solutions during enzymatic reactions are provided.     

Synthetic image generation for application in ophthalmology and neuropsychology

Graphic stimuli with defined forms, colours and sizes can be used to evaluate the performance of the intact or defective human visual system. In the past, large numbers of tests based on visual stimuli have been developed and today some are being computerized in order to conduct complete diagnostic, preventive or therapeutic investigations in a consistent and efficient manner.After an introduction into the evolution of interactive computer graphic systems the selection criteria for computerized aids in the medical office are outlined and sample applications in ophthalmology and neuropsychology discussed. The experience gained using object-oriented and conventional software development environments is outlined and the results presented.     

超级计算机图形学和可视化

近两年,超级计算机、计算机图形学和科学可视化是三个引人注目的论题。今天,大量的计算机应用问题是运用超级计算机以及图形系统和科学可视化来解决的。本文介绍了超级计算机图形学产生和发展的背景,着重阐述了更高级的图形学及其应用的研究与发展,总结了超级计算机可视化的研究现状和发展趋势。最后,本文指出,基于超级计算机图形学的可视化时代已经到来。     

Software assurance for security

The article discusses an approach to security analysis that we have applied successfully over the past several years (to 1999) at Reliable Software Technologies. Our approach is no magic bullet, but it offers a reasoned methodology that has proven to be useful in the trenches. Our methodology, like many useful things, is a mix of art and engineering. The idea is straightforward: design a system with security in mind, analyze the system in light of known and anticipated risks, rank the risks according to their severity, test to the risks, and cycle broken systems back through the design process. The process outlined above has one essential underlying goal: avoiding the unfortunately pervasive penetrate-and-patch approach to computer security-that is, avoiding the problem of desperately trying to come up with a fix to a problem that is being actively exploited by attackers. In simple economic terms, finding and removing bugs in a software system before its release is orders of magnitude cheaper and more effective than trying to fix systems after release     

A facsimile-based graphics editing system by auxiliary mark recognition

This paper describes a facsimile-based graphics editing system using handwritten mark recognition, and presents some experimental results with the system. In a manner different from usual graphics editors based on CRT displays and data tablets, only facsimiles are used as input and output devices in this system. As the first stage in processing, a graphic subject is first given as a set of line drawings and characters handwritten on a sheet of paper, and it is then input into the computer as a binary picture from a facsimile transmitter. Auxiliary editing information is input into the computer as handwritten marks or seal marks prepared on a separate sheet of paper. As the second stage, the marks are recognized and used to create a mark parameter list for the graphics editing. Third, referencing the mark parameter list, the graphics are expressed by using a set of graphic commands, and edited by the computer. Finally, a correct edited copy of the graphics is constructed by picture processing based on graphic commands, and it is output to a facsimile receiver. Very good results have been obtained for various kinds of hand-written graphics by using the system described here.     

体图形学

体图形学是计算机图形学新崛起的一个重要分支,它在吸收传统计算机图这和计算机影像技术等有关知识的基础上,逐步形成自己独特的概念,理论和方法。     

Algorithms for parallel processing: curve and surface definition with Q-splines

The emergence of parallel array processing, both in software methodology and hardware technology, opens new avenues for the implementation and optimization of systems for interactive computer graphics. The Q-spline interpolation method is presented, designed for incremental curve definition, local curve modification, “on-the-curve” control points and computational efficiency in array processing environment. The implementation and performance of the algorithms in the environment of a general purpose interactive computer graphics system is described.     

US Air Force relies on computer graphics to evaluate combataircraft performance

The use of computer graphics analysis and other powerful tools to evaluate jet aircraft performance at the US Air Force Flight Test Center, Edwards Air Force Base in California, is described. As many as 14 test versions of the same aircraft model are instrumented with sophisticated sensors to allow flight-test data to be recorded on tape. The tape-recorded data points are used by flight-test engineers to review each aircraft's actual in-flight performance. It was found that computer-generated graphic displays of complicated physical relationships make the job of interpreting aircraft performance data considerably less difficult. The use of interactive graphics to boost productivity is also discussed     

USE of computer graphics instruments in application-oriented training

Training in the field of computer graphics usage is important for all engineering courses. Both in design and in production, as well as in technical marketing, graphic representations constitute an important means of expression for the engineer. In connection with the training of engineers, three directions of training can be discerned: basic principles of computer graphics, computer-aided design (CAD) systems with their design and application and employment of CAD systems as a new aid for the designer. Methodical didactic training constitutes a precondition for profitable application of the methods of computer graphics.     

IDECAP Interactive Pictorial Information System for Demographic and Environmental Planning Applications

IDECAP is a database type information system. It is different from regular database systems as the information is mainly presented via thematic maps displayed on a graphics screen. Retrieval of information is usually achieved by means of graphical interaction with these images. The system utilizes interaction techniques and systems software from interactive computer graphics, using vector graphic and colour raster graphic stations for output. The present databank contains data based on grids and polygonal data. The system is being applied, but not restricted, to the Dutch 1971 Census data and the 1978 land use data. It allows the mapping of grid variables against a topographic background. Areas of interest can be investigated in detail by zooming in on a window drawn on the graphics screen by the user. Maps can be adjusted by user-definable class distributions shown in the form of histograms with standard deviations.     

Transportation interface facilities design using interactive high-level computer graphics

A prototype pedestrian facilities design system is described. The design system exploits the capabilities of an intelligent high-resolution vector graphics workstation which features a highly interactive computer graphics environment. A summary of historical developments in pedestrian facility design and graphics workstation architecture is presented, followed by a discussion of the stochastic model and interactive computer graphics features utilized by a prototype facilities design system. Potential applications of such a design system are discussed, and promising areas of future development are outlined.     

Participative methodology for public system planning

Public system planning requires greater participation by the public. But, the complexities of planning work strongly against public understanding and participation. New methodology is needed that can deal with complexity, yet be communicable to the public. Participative methodology has to be founded in graphics, for there is no other medium that can simultaneously involve many complex relations, while displaying these relations for effective scrutiny by a diverse audience.Several graphic methods are discussed, along with specific tools for graphic portrayal that have been designed with the communication requirements in mind. These tools lend themselves to computer manipulation and development, which helps establish a coupling between scientific and engineering approaches to problems and effective displays for public comprehension.