分析漏磁探伤技术在油管修复中的应用

随着科学技术的不断发展,漏磁探伤技术已经应用于各行各业,尤其是在油田企业的油管修复中的应用,已经成为一种不可或缺的质量检测方法。油管在油水中长时间的浸泡,存在有腐蚀、偏磨和局部产生裂纹的现象,因此油管修复的质量好坏,影响着油水井工作的质量和整个作业的效率以及工程的费用,采用漏磁探伤技术,能准确的检测出油管内外管壁的损伤程度,对症下药,大大提高油管的修复质量,提高工作效率。     

基于连续小波变换的输油管道裂纹缺陷漏磁检测研究

在分析埋地输油管道裂纹漏磁检测现状的基础上,研究了连续小波变换能量法在管道裂纹漏磁检测信号处理上的应用。设计了裂纹缺陷漏磁检测实验方案,利用连续小波变换分析了裂纹缺陷不同特征参量(长度和深度)对漏磁检测信号的影响,得出了不同特征参量的裂纹漏磁信号的连续小波变换能量变化图谱,表明了漏磁检测信号特征与裂纹缺陷之间有特定的定量关系及用漏磁方法检测裂纹缺陷存在着一定的局限性。     

常压储罐底板的漏磁检测与腐蚀失效分析

讨论了漏磁检测在常压储罐底板检测中的应用。介绍了储罐底板腐蚀形态和漏磁检测原理,利用超声波测厚复验证实了漏磁检测的可靠性,分析了储罐底板腐蚀失效的主要原因和漏磁检测的主要影响因素。     

卧式储罐漏磁内检系统设计及其应用研究

根据石油石化行业卧式储罐特点,结合对目前漏磁检测的一些研究,提出将漏磁检测技术应用于卧式储罐检测中。分析了影响卧式储罐漏磁检测的因素,设计了卧式储罐内部漏磁检测系统,该检测系统结构简单、体积小,可以对被测卧式储罐进行连续扫描,且不会对容器造成损伤;在此基础上对检测系统实际应用进行研究,验证漏磁检测应到卧式储罐的可行性和准确性。     

管道电磁探伤技术研究及展望

介绍了电磁探伤中的漏磁检测系统及其检测原理和基本结构,定性分析了管道缺陷外形尺寸与形状对漏磁场的影响规律,为漏磁检测缺陷信号研究和实际检测工作提供参考。提出了应用有限元技术、小波消噪、神经网络及多传感器数据融合技术等对管道漏磁检测信号进行处理的方法,指出了漏磁检测需要进一步研究的内容。     

管道漏磁检测技术存在的问题及优化措施

漏磁检测技术目前已经在很多领域实现了优化应用,首先对管道漏磁检测技术进行了分析研究,并对缺陷漏磁场与其他因素的关系进行了总结分析,针对管道质量控制体系建设的实际需要,对管道漏磁检测技术进行了优化控制处理,对提升管道漏磁检测技术应用质量,具有十分重要的意义。     

检测装置运行速度对管道漏磁检测的影响

针对天然气管道漏磁检测装置运行状态是影响检测结果准确性的重要因素,研究了漏磁检测装置不同运动状态下缺陷漏磁信号与检测装置运行速度的关系。应用有限元方法仿真分析了运动引起的电流密度变化和磁化水平变化对漏磁场的影响;并通过实验验证了仿真计算的准确性。实验结果表明:有效检测漏磁信号的检测装置运行速度范围为0~6 m/s。     

漏磁检测提升力与缺陷漏磁场关系的仿真研究

本文主要是传感器提升力与缺陷漏磁场的仿真研究,介绍了漏磁检测技术的原理及其应用,给出了漏磁信号与缺陷特征所形成的线性关系,并通过ANSYS分析研究了提升力对漏磁信号的影响。管道漏磁检测中,管道中的焊缝和管道异物等会引起传感器提升力和漏磁检测工具磁化器提升力,并且对获得的漏磁数据有潜在影响。利用有限元仿真软件模拟各种提升力对漏磁信号的影响。     

储罐罐底漏磁检测技术研究

漏磁检测是储罐罐底板检测的趋势,稳定的漏磁检测设备信号干扰小,信号处理和传感器结构简单,是一种有效可靠的检测方法.开罐状态的漏磁检测技术结合声发射的储罐在役检测技术和储罐焊缝检测的真空测漏技术,大大提高了储罐安全可靠性.     

储罐底板漏磁检测现状与现场检测影响因素分析

漏磁检测技术是近年来发展起来的一种检测效率较高、准确性高的无损检测技术。目前,该技术在储罐底板检测中得到了广泛的应用。本文对储罐底板漏磁检测研究现状进行介绍,在此基础上针对影响现场漏磁检测结果的各种因素进行分析和研究,以期得到更准确的检测结果,使漏磁检测技术更好的服务于储罐底板的检测。     

抽油机井杆管磨损深度计算方法研究

本文系统讨论了抽油机井杆管磨损形式，根据杆管磨损的截面的几何关系，分别建立斜井狗腿度导致的磨损段、末端失稳螺旋屈曲磨损段以及旋转油管情况下的杆管磨损深度和磨损截面积之间关系的理论方法，建立抽油机井杆管摩擦磨损计算模型，可以在已知抽油机井侧向载荷分布的基础上计算不同时间的杆管磨损深度和截面积，为判断油管磨漏、杆柱接箍剩余截面积等提供依据。应用该模型编制的成果软件在我国油田对比分析20井次，证实其计算的磨损是比较可靠的。     

A Parametric Study of a Portable Magnetic Separator for Separation of Nanospheres from Circulatory System

A portable magnetic separator was proposed for in-vivo biomedical applications. In this prototype design, a matrix of alternating, parallel magnetizable wires, and biocompatible tubing is immersed into an externally applied magnetic field. The wires are magnetized and high magnetic fields as well as field gradients are created to trap blood-borne flowing magnetic nanospheres in the tube. In this paper, a parametric investigation was carried out to evaluate the capture efficiency of flowing magnetic nanospheres by a separator unit consisting of single tubing and four wires. The parameters include: mean blood velocity (1 to 20 cm/s); magnetic field strength (0.1 to 2.0 T); sphere size (500 nm to 1000 nm in radii); sphere magnetic material (iron, two types of magnetite) and magnetite content in the spheres (0.05 to 0.8 by weight); wire material (nickel, stainless steel 430, and Wairauite); wire length (2.0 to 20 cm); wire size (0.125 to 1.0 mm in radii); tubing size at a fixed ratio of tubing to wire diameter of unity. The results show that capture efficiencies of the spheres of well over 90% were achievable under reasonable human physiological conditions, provided that the mean blood velocities were below about 5.0 cm/s. The results also show that the magnetic separator performance could be improved by maximizing the applied magnetic field strength up to about 1.0 T and by reducing the size of the unit with tubing and wires of equal radii. The results help further optimize a prototype magnetic separator suitable for rapid sequestration of magnetic nanospheres from the human blood stream while accommodating necessary clinical boundary conditions.     

用固体核磁技术分析PE 100管材料的抗熔垂性

用固体核磁技术分析了2种具有不同抗熔垂性能的聚乙烯管材料的凝聚态结构与流变性能。管材树脂的抗熔垂性能与其核磁迟豫特性紧密相关,好的抗熔垂性能对应更长的纵向迟豫时间。抗熔垂性能好的双峰管材料的重均分子量更高,高相对分子质量部分的含量更多。     

Extraparticle diffusional effects in gel permeation chromatography. I. Theory

A systems approach is applied to the analysis of chromatogram resolution dispersion, or zone broadening, in gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Three possible sources of dispersion are considered; these are: the packed columns; the empty tubing between pump and columns, columns and detector, etc.; and the detection system, viz., the differential refractometer cell. It is shown that empty tubing can contribute significantly to the degree of dispersion and to skewness of elution curves and that this dispersion should depend on molecular weight of solute (polymer) and diameter and length of the tubing. The importance of dispersion in the empty tubing is compared with that in the packed columns and refractometer cell.     

Extraparticle diffusional effects in gel permeation chromatography. II. Experimental results

Experiments coupled with a systems analysis were conducted on chromatogram dispersion, or zone broadening, in gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Three components of a Waters Associates Model 200 chromatograph, each of which is a potential cause of dispersion, were considered; these are: the packed column, with extraparticle dispersion only; the empty tubing, between pump and columns, columns and detector, etc.; and the detection system, viz., the differential refractometer cell. Toluene solvent was used and the solutes whose dispersion was studied included orthodichlorobenzene (ODCB) and narrow-molecular-weight polystyrene standards having molecular weights of 900, 20,400, 51,000, 97,200, and 160,000. Nonporous glass beads, 50 μ in diameter, were used as column packing. Two diameters, 1 mm and 0.5 mm, of stainless steel tubing were studied. In addition to the usual rectangular pulse sample injection, a step input mode for solute introduction was also used. The empty tubing was found to contribute significantly to the degree of dispersion and to skewness of elution curves. Anomalous bimodal characteristics of the elution curves were also observed which could only be ascribed to the empty tubing. These phenomena depended markedly on parameters such as tube diameter and length, and solute concentration and molecular weight. Dispersion in the packed column, although important, was found to be symmetrical (Gaussian) and less sensitive to these parameters than in the empty tubing, especially with respect to molecular weight. Dispersion in the cell was believed to be insignificant relative to the packed column and empty tubing.     

油套管接头密封面检测方法研究

油套管接头密封面的加工精度直接影响接头的密封性能,建立相应的检测手段具有重要的意义。分析了油套管接头的密封结构,利用三坐标测量机对一种密封结构进行检测。将测量数据与实际值进行对比,结果表明,测量误差不超过1%,测量精度高,对于油套管接头密封面的优化设计具有一定的参考价值。     

经坊选煤厂降低介耗的研究

经坊选煤厂为降低介质消耗,在工艺上改造了精煤离心液流向,优化设计了分流控制程序,并对精煤脱介筛喷水、精煤磁选机刮煤板等设备进行了改造,同时采取了加强员工培训,缩短弧形筛翻转周期,严防跑、冒、滴、漏,加强介质防冻等措施,有效降低了介质消耗,节约了选煤成本。     

埋地天然气管道泄漏激光检测影响分析

激光技术是天然气管道泄漏检测的重要手段,而泄漏扩散过程对其检测过程存在一定影响。通过建立埋地天然气管道泄漏扩散模型,模拟得到了泄漏天然气扩散特性,计算了天然气扩散光谱检测值,分析了不同检测高度、不同泄漏口大小以及不同风速对天然气扩散光谱特性的影响。研究表明:泄漏口越大,测得的光谱检测曲线越低,降低幅度在距泄漏口40 m内最为明显;有风速影响时,光谱检测曲线最低点均向下风向偏移,在距泄漏口6 m左右时光谱检测值最小。研究结果可为合理有效地进行激光检测提供参考。     

连续油管压裂技术在辽河外围低渗油藏的应用

连续油管水力喷射压裂是解决纵向多层压裂难题的有效手段。通过对连续油管水力喷射环空压裂技术的原理、工艺流程、摩阻、优缺点评价等方面进行分析,认为这种环空加砂压裂通过连续油管内喷砂射孔与环空加砂相结合的方式拓展了连续油管的应用深度,提高了连续油管的利用率,降低了对水力喷射喷嘴寿命的要求,提高了连续油管压裂的排量限制,从而使连续油管具有更高的现场适用性。辽河油田采用国内自主连续油管设备、井下工具,自主设计、组织实施了一次连续油管水力喷射环空加砂分段压裂,取得了良好的效果,获得了大量的宝贵经验。     

温度和伪泄漏率对真空静态升压法检漏的影响

测试环境、元件的温度变化和被测系统中的放气引起的伪泄漏率可造成真空静态升压法检漏结果的较大误差。研究温度变化及放气对泄漏率的影响,找出规律,并据此对测试数据作适当修正,可有效提高检漏结果的精度。