喷雾造粒-H_2还原制备WC-Co热喷涂粉末

以水溶性醋酸钴代替金属钴粉与WC粉、纯水、微量炭黑和有机碳球磨混匀,经喷雾造粒,H2还原制备WC-Co热喷涂粉。结果表明:当进风温度260℃、出风温度140℃、转速10000r/min所制备的粉末粒度在10~80μm,平均粒度为35μm。在1250℃下,H2还原WC-Co粉末接近共晶温度,产生大量液相,粉末合金化。中空球形颗粒,在重力作用下生成的液相开始流动,填充孔隙,使粉末颗粒密实、颗粒收缩、薄壁变厚,松装密度增大,粉末粒度在10~50μm、平均粒度为25μm,Co相均匀包覆球形WC颗粒。     

纯相低氧纳米WC-Co复合粉的制备

以紫钨、四氧化三钴、炭黑为原料,在高真空度条件下利用原位反应合成技术制备出物相纯净、平均粒径约为80 nm的WC-Co复合粉。研究了制备工艺参数对纳米复合粉相组成、粒径、氧含量及最终烧结硬质合金块体材料组织性能的影响。结果表明,纳米复合粉中氧含量较高时,会导致后续烧结过程中发生脱碳反应,使烧结制备的块体材料致密度和力学性能明显下降。将纳米复合粉在800℃下真空热处理2.5 h可有效降低粉末中的氧含量,同时热处理后的粉末颗粒无明显长大,平均粒径为85 nm。向复合粉中加入1.1%TiC与0.9%VC进行SPS烧结,烧结块体平均晶粒尺寸为105 nm,且尺寸分布均匀,致密度达99%以上,硬度(HV30)为21 450 MPa,断裂韧性达到9.81 MPa·m~(1/2)。     

复合添加晶粒长大抑制剂对WC-Co复合粉烧结硬质合金的影响

在超细WC-Co复合粉中复合添加不同含量的晶粒长大抑制剂VC和Cr3C2,利用X射线衍射仪分析粉末及硬质合金的物相组成,通过扫描电镜和透射电镜观察硬质合金的形貌,研究不同含量的晶粒长大抑制剂对硬质合金的显微组织和力学性能影响规律。结果表明:随着晶粒长大抑制剂的增加,晶粒异常长大现象消失,晶粒细小均匀;同时发现在WC-Co复合粉中VC的增加可以快速提高硬质合金的硬度,而适量的Cr3C2可以有效提高硬质合金的横向断裂强度。     

WC-Co复合粉末的原位合成及于硬质合金涂层制备中的应用

目的为解决超细/纳米WC-Co热喷涂时易于脱碳等瓶颈问题,制备具有高的硬度、断裂韧性、耐磨性和表面质量等优异综合性能的超细及纳米结构硬质合金涂层,并推广其在工业领域中的应用。方法以原位合成技术批量制备的超细/纳米WC-Co复合粉末为原料,利用团聚造粒技术制备得到具有高球形度和致密性,并保持原有超细/纳米结构的喷涂喂料粉末,利用超音速火焰喷涂工艺制备低脱碳、高致密的超细结构WC基涂层。结果降低喂料粉末孔隙度可有效减少涂层中W2C等脱碳相的含量,在优化工艺下制备的超细结构WC基涂层的硬度达到1450HV0.3以上,韧性相对于常规微米结构涂层提高40%以上,在两种载荷和磨料条件下均表现出更高的耐磨性。结论利用原位反应技术批量合成的超细/纳米WC-Co复合粉制备的硬质合金涂层具有优良的综合性能,可应用于对涂层的硬度、耐磨性、强韧性配合和表面质量有较高要求的工况。     

超细WC-Co复合粉制备及快速烧结技术研究进展

超细WC-Co复合粉是制备高性能超细/纳米晶硬质合金的重要原料之一,近年来发展了多种复合粉的制备技术。本文综述了其中的喷雾转换工艺法、化学沉淀法、原位还原碳化法、化学气相反应合成法和机械合金化法的研究和应用状况。同时简要介绍了一些新型的快速烧结技术的原理,以及这些新型的快速烧结技术制备的超细/纳米晶硬质合金上的研究进展,并对快速烧结技术在硬质合金领域发展前景进行了分析。     

超细WC-Co硬质合金复合粉末的研究进展

超细硬质合金因其高强度、高硬度、高耐磨性等优良性能满足了现代工业的发展,而制备超细WC-Co硬质合金关键技术之一在于原料粉末的制备。近年来,研究人员开发了多种超细WC-Co复合粉末的制备技术,有利于制备出具有超细结构的WC-Co合金材料。本文介绍、归纳了目前国内外直接还原碳化法、化学沉淀法、机械合金化法、喷雾转化法的制备超细WC-Co复合粉末工艺及研究成果,其中喷雾干燥法和直接还原碳化法已在硬质合金行业中实现部分产业化,具有诱人的应用前景。     

直接碳化与煅烧-碳化工艺对WC-Co复合粉性能的影响

以偏钨酸铵、醋酸钴、裂解碳为原料,配置成料浆,通过喷雾干燥-氢气还原碳化(简称直接碳化法)和喷雾干燥-氮气煅烧-氢气还原碳化(简称煅烧-碳化法)制备WC-Co复合粉。对两种工艺制备粉末的性能和形貌进行对比,发现直接碳化法制备的WC-Co复合粉的颗粒在10¹00μm、平均粒度在50μm,大部分球形壳破裂,粉末仍然保持球形骨架,粉末松装密度小、流动性差;煅烧-碳化法制备的WC-Co复合粉末的颗粒度在10100μm、平均粒度在50μm,大部分球形壳破裂,粉末仍然保持球形骨架,粉末松装密度小、流动性差;煅烧-碳化法制备的WC-Co复合粉末的颗粒度在10⁵0μm、平均颗粒度25μm,粉末球形度高、流动性好。将两种工艺制备的粉末制成YG6合金,对比发现直接碳化法得到WC-Co复合粉制备成的硬质合金硬度高、晶粒度小、密度高、孔隙度低、致密度高;将两种工艺制备的粉末进行热喷涂,发现煅烧-碳化法制备的粉末热喷涂时,涂层表面致密度高、WC保留率高、硬度高。     

原位合成复合粉制备超细WC-Co硬质合金

以偏钨酸铵、可溶钴盐、可溶碳源为原料,经喷雾转化、煅烧、低温还原碳化制备超细晶WC-Co复合粉;采用同样成分配比及工艺,在煅烧后增加短时球磨工艺,制备出另一种超细晶WC-Co复合粉;分别以2种复合粉为原料,用放电等离子直接烧结制备超细WC-Co硬质合金。采用SEM、XRD、钴磁仪、矫顽磁力计、维氏硬度计等对复合粉形貌、合金显微组织与性能进行表征分析。结果表明,未短时球磨的粉末呈现出球形结构,WC颗粒被Co相粘结在一起,可观察到烧结颈并有异常长大晶粒,经过短时球磨工序制备的粉末为分散颗粒,2种粉末中Co相同时以fcc与hcp的结构存在,粉末WC晶粒尺寸约为0.26μm;未短时球磨的粉末制备的合金存在少量孔隙,致密度较低,有异常长大晶粒。短时球磨能有效提高粉末颗粒的分散性,减少烧结体中的显微组织缺陷,制备的合金综合性能得到提高。     

WC-Co复合粉形貌遗传特性及粒度分布研究

以偏钨酸铵、可溶钴盐、有机碳为原料,经喷雾转化、煅烧、低温还原碳化制备WC-Co复合粉。对前驱体、复合粉物相组成、WC晶粒度、微观形貌、平均粒度及分布进行研究。结果表明:复合粉由WC和Co两相组成,WC晶粒度约为60 nm;前驱体粉末呈空壳球形结构,部分颗粒破裂;经煅烧后,形貌未发生明显变化;再经还原碳化处理,颗粒表面产生大量孔隙,形貌与前驱体相似,具有很好的形貌结构遗传特性;复合粉平均粒度比前驱体略有减小且粒度分布更窄;溶液浓度、给料速度越大,离心转速越小,则平均粒度越大;进气温度对粒度影响很小。     

纳米WC-Co复合粉的研究

叙述了纳米硬质合金的发展概况及应用。并主要介绍了优质纳米 WC- Co复合粉末所应具备的条件及纳米 WC- Co复合粉末的制备方法和烧结。     

Synthesis of WC-Co composite powders with two-step carbonization and sintering performance study

In this study, WC-Co composite powder was synthesized by two-step carbonization method using W, Co and C as raw materials. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the η phase (Co₆W₆C) was kept at 1100 °C for 1 h under vacuum, and it could be completely carbonized into WC-Co composite powders. The surface morphology of WC-Co composite powders was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The effects of η phase and second phase (W phase) on WC morphology and Co phase distribution were investigated. Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) was used to analyze WC-10 wt% Co cemented carbide particle distribution. Comparison of transverse rupture strength, hardness and fracture toughness of two kinds of WC-10 wt% Co cemented carbides synthesized by WC-Co composite powders + WC and WC + Co respectively, the cemented carbide of composite powders + WC increases the fracture toughness from 11.4 ± 0.3 MPa·m^1/2 to 12.4 ± 0.3 MPa·m^1/2.     

球形WC-Co喷涂粉末的制备

阐述了制备球形WC-Co喷涂粉末的一种方法。该方法的关键技术在于利用压力喷雾干燥的方式对原始粉末制粒,然后通过烧结、气流破碎和冷流分级等过程生产出成品,同时对球形WC-Co喷涂粉末的应用也做了简单介绍。     

Microstructure analysis of high density WC-Co composite prepared by one step selective laser melting

WC-Co composite, also well known as cemented carbide, is one of the most challenging materials for one step additive manufacture process, such as selective laser melting (SLM). Up until now, defect free cemented carbide has never been successfully synthesized yet using one-step SLM. In this study, the critical effect of the morphology of feedstock carbide granules on the microstructure was initially investigated for SLM processed carbides. Crack free WC-20Co cemented carbide with high density has been successfully synthesized using one-step SLM without further heat treatment. The density is significantly high for SLM processed carbides although still unsatisfactory yet compared to conventional liquid phase sintered carbides. Spherical granules are more favorable than non-spherical granules in obtaining a higher final density. The SLM process results in inhomogeneous and rapid WC grain growth, which is attributed to the non-uniform temperature distribution and varying amount of time experienced by the material in the liquid state during the SLM process.     

Development of WC-Co Coatings Deposited by Warm Spray Process

The high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) process is commonly used to deposit WC-Co coatings. There are some problems with this process; especially the decomposition and decarburization of WC during spraying make a coating brittle. To suppress such degradation, the warm spray (WS) process was applied to deposit WC-Co coatings, which is capable of controlling the flame temperature in the range of 500-2000 °C. The microstructure and phases of the deposited coatings were characterized by using SEM and XRD, and the mechanical properties such as hardness, fracture toughness, and wear properties were also investigated. WS process successfully suppressed the formation of the detrimental phases such as W₂C and W, which are usually observed in HVOF coatings. The WS coatings showed the similar trend of the hardness variation for Co content with a sintered bulk material. Improvement of toughness and wear behavior was also observed in WS coatings.     

Microstructure and hardness of WC-Co particle reinforced iron matrix surface composite简

In this study, a high Cr cast iron surface composite material reinforced with WC-Co particles 2-6 mm in size was prepared using a pressureless sand mold infiltration casting technique. The composition, microstructure and hardness were determined by means of energy dispersive spectrometry （EDS）, electron probe microanalysis （EPMA）, scanning electron microscope （SEM） and Rockwell hardness measurements. It is determined that the obtained composite layer is about 15 mm thick with a WC-Co particle volumetric fraction of -38%. During solidification, interface reaction takes place between WC-Co particles and high chromium cast iron. Melting and dissolving of prefabricated particles are also found, suggesting that local Co melting and diffusion play an important role in promoting interface metallurgical bonding. The composite layer is composed of ferrite and a series of carbides, such as （Cr, W, Fe）23C6, WC, W2C, M6C and M12C. The inhomogeneous hardness in the obtained composite material shows a gradient decrease from the particle reinforced metal matrix composite layer to the matrix layer. The maximum hardness of 86.3 HRA （69.5 HRC） is obtained on the particle reinforced surface, strongly indicating that the composite can be used as wear resistant material.     

Preparation of zirconium-based ceramic and composite fine-grained powders

Zirconium-based ceramics and composites such as ZrC, ZrB₂, ZrC-SiC, ZrB₂-SiC-ZrC, and ZrB₂-SiC-ZrC-ZrSi were synthesized in fine powder form via combustion synthesis (CS) using ZrSiO₄, Mg, C, B, and NaCl as raw materials. Temperature distributions in the combustion wave were measured by thermocouples and used to estimate the combustion temperature and wave propagation velocity. The influence of the NaCl mole fraction on the combustion parameters, phase composition, and particle size of the composite powders was investigated. The experimental results revealed that the combustion temperature and particle size of the composites have a stable decreasing tendency with increase in the NaCl mole fraction in the starting mixture. It was found that near the combustion limit (1.5 mol NaCl), the combustion temperature drops below 1500 °C and the particle size reaches the nanometer scale.