高速纸机工艺通风系统设计探讨

高速纸机的工艺通风系统由网部通风系统、吹风箱系统。密闭汽罩和余热回收系统、袋区通风系统等组成，网部通风系统影响着产品（纸）的质量，吹风箱系统影响着纸幅运行的平稳度，密闭汽罩和余热回收系统影响着纸机的产量和能耗，袋区通风系统影响着纸幅的干燥速度和干燥质量，因此，设计一个合理的工艺通风系统，对于保证纸机的高速平稳运行和节能降耗起着至关重要的作用。本文通过工程实例对上述各系统作了简要介绍。     

我国与乌克兰吸尘器能源标签标准比对研究

对我国与乌克兰的吸尘器能源效率、清洁效率与灰尘排放等级等关键指标,能效标签样式以及能耗、吸尘质量、声功率等级、灰尘排放等能效标签涉及指标的计算方法进行比对分析,研究我国与乌克兰吸尘器相关标准的异同,以帮助我国吸尘器相关出口企业更好地进入乌克兰市场。     

浅谈真空制盐行业能效对标管理

能效对标管理是近几年为满足节能减排而开展的一项重要工作,它采用国外系统分析方法,与国内外同行业先进企业能效指标进行对比分析、确定标杆,通过加强管理和技术措施,推动企业查找能源利用薄弱环节,改进能源利用方式,达到标杆或更高能效水平,实现节能及产业优化升级,促进行业可持续发展.     

谷朊粉干燥系统中尾气回收的研究

提出在谷朊粉干燥过程中对尾气进行回收利用问题.通过传热效率和传热单元数方法计算谷朊粉尾气回收系统理论节能效率与实际节能效率进行对比,做出能源节约效率图,通过最小二乘法拟舍出现场环境温度与能源节约率的经验公式,对尾气回收系统设计及干燥系统能耗计算具有一定指导意义.     

制浆造纸业蒸汽价格及能源优化利用的探讨

制浆造纸业,如何确定其自备电厂蒸汽价格历来都有争议,不同的蒸汽价格直接影响余热回收或其他节能措施的经济效益,会对决策层在选择使用能源种类、节能技术等问题上犯难,有时还会造成决策错误。本文介绍了一种计算新增或节降蒸汽的使用成本或价格的方法,指出了纸厂常用的低压或中压蒸汽的价格水平,并以此为依据对气罩余热回收的经济效益做了分析,同时还根据能源梯级利用的原则,对制冷、热风干燥、热风干燥的余热回收、污泥干化、靴压改造及蒸汽箱的应用等过程的能源使用进行了探讨。     

推进纺织机械能效管理

能效,即能源效率.按照物理学的观点,是指在能源利用中,发挥作用的能源量与实际消耗的能源量之比.从生产与消费的角度来看,能效是指为终端用户提供的服务与所消耗的总能源量之比.所谓提高能效,就是指用更少的能源投入带来同等的能源服务.     

能效标准对烟机行业的影响

此次吸油烟机能效标准的修订内容,主要是针对外排式吸油烟机的全压效率、待机功率、关机功率、常态气味降低度和油脂排放值五个指标进行评价和分级。特别是对吸油烟机的能效等级、能效限定值、节能评价值、试验方法和检验规则进行了标准上的明确规定。     

单板干燥蒸汽余热资源回收利用分析

对胶合板干燥生产线蒸汽余热资源状况进行了测试和分析计算。结果表明,如将单板干燥机排出的冷凝水余热充分回收利用,可明显提高单板干燥能量利用效率,减少生产能耗成本。针对单板干燥蒸汽余热资源温度较低且一次蒸汽与工艺用汽参数不匹配的特点,提出了蒸汽余热回收的技术方案。分析计算结果表明,采用以蒸汽喷射器为核心的蒸汽梯级利用装置来回收蒸汽冷凝水余热,投资回收周期短,回收效果明显,可产生良好的经济效益和社会效益。     

热管换热器在精制盐干燥系统余热回收中的实验研究

干燥是精制盐工业生产中的高耗能环节.国内常用精制盐干燥系统的干燥尾气携带部分干燥供给热能,有较高的余热回收价值.文章针对精制盐干燥尾气的性质和振荡流热管的特性,将热管换热器用于精制盐干燥系统的余热回收,提出了两种干燥工艺改造方案,比较了两种方案的特点;在相同工况下对重力热管和振荡流热管的余热回收效果进行了实验.实验结果表明:振荡流热管用于精制盐干燥尾气的余热回收,效果较好;其中,振荡流热管基于其传热性能好、结构简单、加工方便等特性,避免了重力翅片热管换热器体积大、设备笨重、成本较高等缺点,在精制盐干燥尾气余热回收中有很好的应用前景.     

食用植物油加工企业能效管理信息化系统技术研究

本文设计了一套食用植物油加工企业适用的能效管理信息化系统。系统包含计量监测、数据统计、能效分析、能源管理和系统管理等功能模块,可实现能源与物料数据的在线采集、监测与管理,实时动态分析展示企业能源利用状况和能效管理水平,发现节能关键环节,分析节能潜力,挖掘节能空间,利用科技手段为精细化节能管理提供决策依据。     

造纸过程节能潜力分析与节能技术应用

介绍了造纸脱水过程的特点,对比分析了国内外造纸过程的能耗状况,阐述了造纸过程各工段的用能状况及节能潜力.结合生产实际探讨了造纸过程的节能技术,重点介绍了干燥部相关的节能技术,并对其应用做了综述.     

不同蒸煮设备的能耗分析

介绍了化学法蒸煮木浆的卡米尔连蒸、碱法立锅、酸法立锅的热效率和能量效率及化学法蒸煮草浆的横管连蒸、蒸球的热效率和能量效率。     

Factors affecting energy and nitrogen efficiency of dairy cows: A meta-analysis

A meta-analysis was performed to explore the correlation between energy and nitrogen efficiency of dairy cows, and to study nutritional and animal factors that influence these efficiencies, as well as their relationship. Treatment mean values were extracted from 68 peer-reviewed studies, including 306 feeding trials. The main criterion for inclusion of a study in the meta-analysis was that it reported, or permitted calculation of, energy efficiency (Eeff; energy in milk/digestible energy intake) and nitrogen efficiency (Neff; nitrogen in milk/digestible nitrogen intake) at the digestible level (digestible energy or digestible protein). The effect of nutritional and animal variables, including neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber (ADF), digestible energy, digestible protein, proportion of concentrate (PCO), dry matter intake, milk yield, days in milk, and body weight, on Eeff, Neff, and the Neff:Eeff ratio was analyzed using mixed models. The interstudy correlation between Eeff and Neff was 0.62, whereas the intrastudy correlation was 0.30. The higher interstudy correlation was partly due to milk yield and dry matter intake being present in both Eeff and Neff. We, therefore, also explored the Neff:Eeff ratio. Energy efficiency was negatively associated with ADF and PCO, whereas Neff was negatively associated with ADF and digestible energy. The Neff:Eeff ratio was affected by ADF and PCO only. In conclusion, the results indicate a possibility to maximize feed efficiency in terms of both energy and nitrogen at the same time. In other words, an improvement in Eeff would also mean an improvement in Neff. The current study also shows that these types of transverse data are not sufficient to study the effect of animal factors, such as days in milk, on feed efficiency. Longitudinal measurements per animal would probably be more appropriate.     

风机节能的途径与方法

介绍风机节能的途径和方法,以利于风机节能工作的开展。     

驱动系统能量效率的改善

描述了驱动系统能量效率改进的方法.介绍了德国Baumüller公司开发的众多电动机系列的特点和应用.Baumüller电动机可根据主要的工作环境进行调节,因此能充分利用.这就避免了多余能量的浪费,同时实际需要的能量余量达到最小化.     

Genetic background in partitioning of metabolizable energy efficiency in dairy cows

The main objective of this study was to assess the genetic differences in metabolizable energy efficiency and efficiency in partitioning metabolizable energy in different pathways: maintenance, milk production, and growth in primiparous dairy cows. Repeatability models for residual energy intake (REI) and metabolizable energy intake (MEI) were compared and the genetic and permanent environmental variations in MEI were partitioned into its energy sinks using random regression models. We proposed 2 new feed efficiency traits: metabolizable energy efficiency (MEE), which is formed by modeling MEI fitting regressions on energy sinks [metabolic body weight (BW^0.75), energy-corrected milk, body weight gain, and body weight loss] directly; and partial MEE (pMEE), where the model for MEE is extended with regressions on energy sinks nested within additive genetic and permanent environmental effects. The data used were collected from Luke's experimental farms Rehtijärvi and Minkiö between 1998 and 2014. There were altogether 12,350 weekly MEI records on 495 primiparous Nordic Red dairy cows from wk 2 to 40 of lactation. Heritability estimates for REI and MEE were moderate, 0.33 and 0.26, respectively. The estimate of the residual variance was smaller for MEE than for REI, indicating that analyzing weekly MEI observations simultaneously with energy sinks is preferable. Model validation based on Akaike's information criterion showed that pMEE models fitted the data even better and also resulted in smaller residual variance estimates. However, models that included random regression on BW^0.75 converged slowly. The resulting genetic standard deviation estimate from the pMEE coefficient for milk production was 0.75 MJ of MEI/kg of energy-corrected milk. The derived partial heritabilities for energy efficiency in maintenance, milk production, and growth were 0.02, 0.06, and 0.04, respectively, indicating that some genetic variation may exist in the efficiency of using metabolizable energy for different pathways in dairy cows.     

热泵型变频空调循环系统节流方式研究

通过对电子膨胀阀节流与毛细管节流 2种热泵型变频空调循环系统流量特性与能效比、制冷制热特性、快速融霜和超低温制热特性的比较 ,从而发现 :采用毛细管节流的变频空调器基本体现了变频空调的各种优点 ,但能效比较低 ,噪音较大 ,属过渡性产品 ;采用电子膨胀阀节流的变频空调器在运行、融霜、能效比和噪音等方面比前者性能更好 ,属较理想的产品 .     

造纸企业能量系统"三环节"模型的建立及应用探讨(Ⅲ)--造纸企业能量系统改进措施研究

本文以某造纸企业能量系统为研究背景,提出了该企业能量系统改进的方向;并以"三环节"模型为研究思路,根据该企业的工艺流程和设备运行状况,提出了一系列能量系统改进措施,通过热力学分析,这些改进措施预计可使该企业的净能耗减少18.6%,热量回收率提高20.4%,(火用)回收率提高10.4%,证明本文提出的能量改进方案是可行的,模型是可靠的.     

Interactions of energy and predicted metabolizable protein in determining nitrogen efficiency in the lactating dairy cow

Lactating cows are relatively inefficient in converting dietary N to milk N compared with the efficiency of N use for growth in simple-stomached animals. The majority of productive N losses occur in the postabsorptive system. The aim of the study was to test whether predicted metabolizable protein (MP) and dietary energy exerted independent effects on milk protein synthesis and postabsorptive N efficiency. If true, postabsorptive N efficiency would be expected to be greater when animals are fed high-energy diets. Forty mid-lactation cows (32 multiparous Holstein and 8 primiparous Holstein × Jersey crossbreds) were used in a complete randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of diets. Cows were assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments: high-energy, high-protein (HE/HP); high-energy, low-protein (HE/LP); low-energy, high-protein (LE/HP); and low-energy, low-protein (LE/LP). Energy concentrations were 1.55 (HE/HP and HE/LP) or 1.44 (LE/HP and LE/LP) Mcal of net energy for lactation (NE_L)/kg of dry matter (DM). Changes in predicted MP were achieved by feeding diets with 6.6 (HE/HP and LE/HP) or 4.6% (HE/LP and LE/LP) ruminally undegradable protein (DM basis). Ruminally degradable protein was held constant at 10.1% of DM. All cows were fed the HE/HP diet from d 1 to 21 followed by the respective treatments from d 22 to 43 (n = 10). Milk protein yield was reduced as dietary energy was reduced. Milk yield followed a similar pattern as milk protein yield. There was a trend for decreased milk yield as crude protein was reduced. There were no interactions between dietary energy and protein for either milk or protein yield. Plasma amino acid concentrations were not affected by treatment. Milk urea N was affected by energy and protein with a significant interaction (HE/HP = 17.2, HE/LP = 12.2, LE/HP = 21.0, LE/LP = 12.2 mg/dL). Nitrogen efficiency calculated from predicted MP supply was affected by energy and protein supplies with no apparent interaction and ranged from a low of 31% (LE/HP) to a high of 43% (HE/LP). The National Research Council model would predict N efficiency more accurately if a representation of the effects of energy on N efficiency were included in the postabsorptive system.     

生物质锅炉自动化控制技术的应用与分析

生物质能是地球上最普遍的一种可再生能源,开发利用潜力巨大,具有CO2零排放特性,是潜在的可再生能源资源,生物质能转化为电能,传统上大多采用直接燃烧的方法,即采用蒸汽循环方式生物质燃料和其他化学燃料相比,最重要的不同点是：燃料特性的多变性,高水分和低氮、低硫含量在燃烧过程中,必须考虑燃料中的水分：高水分的生物质燃料在燃烧之前需要消耗能量来使其干燥,所以水分高会时降低燃烧效率,使锅炉的效率随着水分含量而变化、当燃料水分含量超过40％时,将会使锅炉效率大大降低,生物质锅炉使蒸汽可在啤酒行业中推广应用.