Inhibitory effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa L extract on low‐density lipoprotein oxidation and anti‐hyperlipidemia in fructose‐fed and cholesterol‐fed rats

Hibiscus sabdariffa L extract (HSE) is an aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L flowers that is used as a local soft drink and medical herb in Taiwan. Oxidation of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) has been shown to increase the incidence of atherosclerosis. In this study, we determined the antioxidative activity of HSE on LDL oxidation by examining relative electrophoretic mobilities (REM) and thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS). The data revealed an inhibitory effect of HSE on Cu²⁺‐mediated REM and TBARS. HSE exhibited a remarkable ability to reduce cholesterol degradation and ApoB fragmentation. Overall, HSE showed a high potency to inhibit the production of oxidized LDL induced by copper and, specifically, to reduce serum triglycerides in high‐fructose diet (HFD) fed rats and serum cholesterol in high‐cholesterol diet (HCD) fed animals. The levels of LDL and the ratio of LDL‐cholesterol (LDL‐C) to HDL‐cholesterol (HDL‐C) were reduced by HSE in both hyperlipidaemia models. Based on these findings, we suggest that HSE may be used to inhibit LDL oxidation and to prevent various types of hyperlipidaemia in HFD‐ or HCD‐fed rats. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

Chinese Cabbage (Brassica campestris L.) does not Improve Glucose Tolerance,Serum Insulin,or Blood Lipid Profiles in a Rat Model of Type‐2 Diabetes

ABSTRACT: The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of a low (0.5%) and a high (2.0%) dietary dose of freeze‐dried Chinese cabbage (CC) (Brassica campestris L.) powder in a type‐2 diabetes (T2D) model of rats. Five‐week‐old male Sprague–Dawley rats were fed a high fat (HF)‐containing diet for 2 wk then randomly divided into 4 groups of 8 animals, namely: normal control (NC), diabetic control (DBC), Chinese cabbage low (CCL, 0.5%), and Chinese cabbage high (CCH, 2.0%) groups. Diabetes was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 40 mg/kg body weight) in all groups except the NC group. After 4 wk feeding of experimental diets, although food intake was not different among the DBC, CCL, and CCH groups, body weight gain was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the CCH group compared to the DBC group. Relatively higher serum insulin concentrations and better glucose tolerance were observed in the CC‐fed groups compared to the DBC group; however, the results were not significantly different. Fasting blood glucose, blood glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), liver weight, and liver glycogen levels were not influenced by the CC‐containing diets. Additionally, hypertriglyceridemic tendencies were observed in the CC‐fed groups compared to the NC and DBC groups, while difference observed for total‐, HDL‐, and LDL‐cholesterols between the groups were negligible. Results of this study suggest that up to 2% dietary dose of freeze‐dried CC is not significantly effective to reduce diabetes‐related symptoms in an HF diet‐fed STZ‐induced T2D model of rats.     

高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测法同时测定牛舌草提取液中的5种单糖

目的 建立同时测定牛舌草中5种水溶性糖(鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、果糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖)的液相色谱-蒸发光散射分析方法。方法 各单糖组分经GRACE Prevail ES糖分析柱分离并与蒸发光散射检测器(evaporative light scattering detector, ELSD)联用, 采用V(乙腈): V(水)=72: 28作为流动相, 流速为1.0 mL/min, 蒸发光散射检测器漂移管温度为80 ℃, 空气作为载气, 流速为2.0 L/min。结果 各单糖的峰面积标准曲线在0.2000~6.400 μg范围内均具有良好的线性关系, 相关系数在0.999以上, 加样回收率在97.94%~103.3%之间; 相对标准偏差在1.15%~3.08%之间; 所建立的方法对5种糖的检测限分别为60.00、100.0、100.0、60.00、80.00 ng。结论 本方法灵敏、准确, 可用于牛舌草中水溶性糖含量的质量控制与分析。     

Anti‐obesity effect of Liupao tea extract by modulating lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in high‐fat‐diet‐induced obese mice

Liupao tea (LPT) is traditional dark Chinese tea. The effect of LPT extract on high‐fat‐diet‐induced obese mice was investigated systematically. The results showed that LPT extract could reduce body weight and significantly alleviate liver damage and fat accumulation. LPT could also decrease the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) and increase the level of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) in the liver. It also decreased the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), interferon gamma (IFN‐γ), interleukin (IL)‐1β, and IL‐6 and increased the serum levels of anti‐inflammatory cytokines, including IL‐10 and IL‐4. Moreover, LPT improved the levels of total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), and catalase (CAT) and reduced the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver. Moreover, LPT could upregulate the mRNA and protein expressions of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPAR‐α), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1(CPT1), and cholesterol 7 alpha‐hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and downregulate those of PPAR‐γ and CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein alpha (C/EBP‐α) in the liver. It also increased the mRNA expression of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1), manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2), CAT, gamma‐glutamylcysteine synthetase 1 (GSH1), and GSH‐Px. The components of LPT extract include catechin, rutin, taxifolin, and astragalin, which possibly have a wide range of biological activities. In conclusion, our work verified that LPT extract possessed an anti‐obesity effect and alleviated obesity‐related symptoms, including lipid metabolism disorder, chronic low‐grade inflammation, and liver damage, by modulating lipid metabolism and oxidative stress.     

Modulation of lipid metabolism by polyphenol‐rich grape skin extract improves liver steatosis and adiposity in high fat fed mice

This study investigated the influence of polyphenol‐rich grape skin extract (GSE) on adiposity and hepatic steatosis in mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) and its underlying mechanisms based on adipose and hepatic lipid metabolism. C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal diet or a HFD (20% fat, w/w) with or without GSE (0.15%, w/w) for 10 weeks. The supplementation of GSE significantly lowered body weight, fat weight, plasma free fatty acid level, and hepatic lipid accumulation compared to the HFD group. Plasma leptin level was significantly lower, while the plasma adiponectin level was higher in the GSE group than in the HFD group. GSE supplementation significantly suppressed the activities of lipogenic enzymes in both adipose and liver tissues, which was concomitant with β‐oxidation activation. Furthermore, GSE reversed the HFD‐induced changes of the expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and β‐oxidation in the liver. These findings suggest that GSE may protect against diet‐induced adiposity and hepatic steatosis by regulating mRNA expression and/or activities of enzymes that regulate lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation in the adipose tissue and liver.     

啤酒花总黄酮测定方法的比较研究

以高效液相色谱法对啤酒花总黄酮含量的测定结果作为评判标准（相对准确值）,比较与评价AlCl3分光光度法、Al(NO3)3分光光度法和硼氢化钠/氯醌分光光度法3 种比色法测定酒花总黄酮含量的准确性。结果表明,高效液相色谱法测定酒花总黄酮含量为（12.73±0.26） mg/g;AlCl3法测得总黄酮含量为（13.66±0.45）mg/g,与高效液相色谱法偏差率为7.3%;而Al(NO3)3法测定结果为（43.53±1.16）mg/g,与高效液相色谱法的偏差率为241.9%;硼氢化钠/氯醌法测定结果为（70.25±1.42）mg/g,与高效液相色谱法的偏差率为451.8%。提出AlCl3分光光度法比其他2 种比色法更适用于酒花总黄酮含量的测定,该方法误差小,准确性好。     

不同季节桑叶中1-脱氧野尻霉素(DNJ)含量的测定

建立了柱前荧光衍生-高效液相色谱法测定桑叶中1-脱氧野尻霉素(DNJ)含量的方法。并对不同生长季节桑叶药材的DNJ含量进行测定。桑叶经0.05mol/L盐酸提取,在pH8.5的硼酸盐缓冲液条件下,用芴甲氧酰氯(FMOC-Cl)与DNJ反应生成荧光产物,然后用高效液相色谱-检测器测定。流动相为乙腈-0.1%醋酸(55:45,V/V);流速:1.0ml/min;柱温25℃;荧光检测器激发波长254nm,发射波长322nm。线性范围为0.567～34μg/ml(r=0.9999),平均回收率为97.2%。测定结果表明,桑叶中DNJ含量与生长季节、温度有关,七、八月份DNJ含量最高。该方法准确、灵敏度高,重现性好,可用于桑叶中DNJ的定量分析。     

佛手提取物及活性部位抑制血管紧张素转化酶活性的研究

目的：筛选不同溶剂佛手提取物对血管紧张素转化酶（angiotensin converting enzyme,ACE）的抑制作用及活性部位。方法：用HPLC法比较不同溶剂佛手提取物对ACE的抑制作用,并提取纯化抑制ACE作用最大的佛手提取物的活性部位。结果：不同溶剂佛手提取物中甲醇提取物对ACE的抑制活性最高,抑制率达到77%。佛手提取物40%甲醇洗脱部位对ACE抑制活性较高。结论：采用甲醇提取,大孔吸附树脂吸附,40%甲醇洗脱,获得对ACE酶具有较强抑制作用的佛手活性部位是可行的。