乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物改性聚乙烯的空间电荷对电树和水树的影响

通过添加不同含量的乙烯 -丙烯酸共聚物 (EAA)改善了聚乙烯 (PE)的电气性能。用电声脉冲法测量了样品中的空间电荷分布。测出了在直流预压电压下的短路电树枝的起始电压。对交流电压下抑制水树枝的产生和成长也做了研究。试验发现 ,不同EAA含量的试样中空间电荷的累积、短路 50 %电树枝的起始电压以及水树枝的形成有一定关系。空间电荷的测量可作为衡量改善试样耐电树枝和水树枝能力的手段     

以氯化聚乙烯改性交联聚乙烯作为直流电缆绝缘的研究

以少量氯化聚乙烯(CPE)改性交联聚乙烯(XLPE),用电声脉冲法测量了试样中的空间电荷分布,研究了CPE含量与空间电荷的关系,确定了降低空间电荷的最佳含量,研究了CPE对试样直流预压短路树枝起始电压的影响,当CPE含量为1%时,XLPE的50%直流预压短路树枝起始电压决定直流电压的极性,分别可提高42.3%和35.5%。最后作者还测量了试样的其他介电性能,计算了空间电荷畸变的电场强度,分析和讨论了相关的机理。     

氯化聚乙烯共混对聚乙烯的空间电荷效应的影响

在直流电场作用下 ,用电声脉冲法测量了低密度聚乙烯 (LDPE)中空间电荷的分布 ,计算结果表明 ,异极性空间电荷严重畸变试样中的电场的分布。以少量氯化聚乙烯 (CPE)混入低密度聚乙烯中 ,大大降低了试样中的空间电荷 ,电场分布趋向均匀。在正负极性直流预压短路树枝试验中 ,分别提高试样短路树枝起始电压 2 6 8%和 36 3%。通过直流预压和电晕电荷注入后 ,短路过程中空间电荷分布的测量 ,提出氯化聚乙烯的作用机理在于降低了聚乙烯中陷阱的深度和密度。     

固体绝缘中空间电荷测量装置的研制和应用

介绍了电声脉冲法空间电荷分布测量装置的测量原理和性能，并利用此装置测量了试样中的空间电荷密度分布，运用有限元法计算空间电荷对试样内部电场的畸变。为了研制超高压直流塑料电缆料，以少量的极性聚合物混炼到低密度聚乙烯中，降低了交联聚乙的空间电荷效应，大幅度提高了５０％直流预压短路树枝的起始电压。     

交直流叠加电压下硅橡胶内电树枝特性

直流电缆附件在运行过程中不仅要承受直流电压,还要承受因整流器件而产生的交流电压,在这种工况下,电树枝的引发和生长将不同于纯直流和交流的情况。在直流叠加交流电压下对硅橡胶中的电树枝进行了实验,研究了不同直流电压幅值对电树枝起始、生长和击穿特性的影响。实验结果表明:固定交流电压下,直流电压幅值的增加使电树枝起始电压先上升后下降;电树枝长度随着直流电压幅值增长基本呈现单一增长趋势,扩展系数随直流电压幅值增长而下降;当直流幅值相同时,正直流电压下电树枝的扩展系数均小于负直流下电树枝的扩展系数;随着直流幅值的增加,正直流电压下电树枝形态结构的变化趋势与负直流电压下的情况类似,试样的电树枝击穿概率增加,并且正直流电压对试样的击穿概率的影响较为显著。     

抑制聚乙烯中水树生长的试验研究

本文研究了乙烯丙酸共聚物（EAA）作为一种改性添加剂对聚乙烯（PE）中水树生长的抑制作用。通过添加不同含量的EAA,在交流电场下进行水树生长试验,找到了交流电场EAA抑制水树生长的最佳含量,并对试样进行了不同的热处理及机械性能的测试,探讨了结晶形态对PE中水树生长抑制的机理。     

不同含水量油纸绝缘的交直流空间电荷特性研究

换流变压器在正常运行过程中,水分会导致油纸绝缘电气性能下降并加速其老化,导致寿命下降和绝缘击穿。为研究水分对油纸绝缘交直流复合电压下空间电荷特性与击穿特性的影响,制备不同含水量的油纸绝缘试样,利用交直流复合电压下空间电荷测量系统,得到了交流、直流及交直流复合电压形式下水分含量对油纸绝缘空间电荷特性的影响规律,同时研究了不同水分含量试样在不同电压类型下的击穿特性。结果表明：交直流复合电压下油纸绝缘中的电场畸变率大于直流和交流电压下的电场畸变率;随着直流分量的增加,较高含水量试样的电气强度增加幅度明显低于较低含水量试样,低含水量试样的电气强度受直流电压分量影响而高于高含水量试样。     

纳米氧化锌/聚乙烯复合材料中空间电荷及体积电阻率的研究

以溶融共混法制备了纳米氧化锌(ZnO)/低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)的复合材料,采用电声脉冲法和高阻计法分别测量了不同纳米ZnO含量试样中的空间电荷分布和体积电阻率。实验发现,试样中的空间电荷分布明显不同于纯聚乙烯。当试样中纳米ZnO含量为0.5%时,短路过程中空间电荷衰减很快;当纳米ZnO含量进一步提高时短路过程中空间电荷衰减比纯聚乙烯的缓慢。同时发现加入纳米ZnO后复合材料的体积电阻率上升。讨论了纳米ZnO对试样中空间电荷形成和导电机理的影响。     

交流电压下基于空间电荷效应的XLPE电缆绝缘老化研究现状

交联聚乙烯(XLPE)电缆以其优良的机械和电气性能广泛应用于现代电力系统。研究表明,在直流电压作用下绝缘中容易形成空间电荷,导致电场畸变,加速绝缘老化。国内外很少关于交流电压下空间电荷对XLPE电缆绝缘影响的研究。本文综述了交流电压下空间电荷对XLPE电缆绝缘老化的影响及其作用机理,并介绍了交流电压下测量空间电荷分布的改进的电声脉冲法。结果表明,交流电压下,空间电荷分布特性影响XLPE电缆绝缘老化。     

空间电荷在评估绝缘聚合物电老化程度中的应用研究

通过向聚乙烯中添加一种电压稳定剂，能够有效地抑制聚乙烯的电老化。纯聚乙烯和含电压稳定剂的聚乙烯的试样经过不同时间的电老化后，空间电荷测量表明，在电老化过程中，空间电荷的分布发生变化，出现正负电荷峰的分离和叠加。两种性质的试样中的空间电荷总量都近似地随老化时间呈线性增长，并与老化后的残余绝缘强度的变化有对应关系。分析表明，以试样的短路空间电荷总量与老化时间关系，可以评估聚乙烯的电老化程度。     

热老化对交联聚乙烯电缆绝缘中水树的影响研究

热老化过程不但会影响交联聚乙烯电缆绝缘的电磁学和物理化学性能,还对绝缘内水树的产生与生长有着一定的影响。通过研究热老化过程对XLPE电缆绝缘中的水树现象的影响,以及在几个有可能的影响因素当中,哪个因素对水树现象的影响最大。实验结果表明,在与XLPE电缆绝缘的热老化有关的各种因素对水树现象的影响中,热氧化对XLPE电缆绝缘表层水树的产生和生长的影响最大。尽管热氧化所引起的缺陷有可能就是XLPE电缆绝缘中水树生长过程中的起始点,但是它在一定程度上抑制着水树的成长,甚至有着"水树延迟效果"的美称。     

Suppression of electrical treeing by addition of lithium carbonate to low-density polyethylene

Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is used widely as an electric insulating material in electric power cables. The generation of electrical treeing due to aging of LDPE may lose the reliability of its insulating capability. Therefore it is important to suppress its treeing and to improve its electrical properties so that the reliability of cables can be improved. For this purpose, the authors prepared LDPE to which various inorganic materials were added. This investigation focuses particularly on lithium carbonate and quartz which were effective in suppressing the treeing when added to LDPE. Lithium carbonate-added (0.25 phr) LDPE in two hours of discharge showed the tree length 150 μm shorter than that (560 μm) of nonadded LDPE, exhibiting an obvious suppressing effect on treeing generation. It was found that this effect was more significant than quartz-added LDPE and even at elevated temperatures lithium carbonate-added LDPE exhibited suppression of treeing. The thermal decomposition temperature at which lithium carbonate-added (1 phr) LDPE loses 50 percent of its weight rose 100°C more than nonadded LDPE and 60°C more than that of quartz-added LDPE, which showed improvement in heat resistance of LDPE.     

XLPE电缆绝缘中水树的形成机理和抑制方法分析

叙述了交联聚乙烯电缆中的水树对中高压XLPE电缆的危害性;介绍了水树的本质、水树生长特性,引发水树的电-机械理论和化学反应理论;分析了影响水树生长的因素和国内外抗水树电缆料的研究情况。     

Effects of frequency and applied voltage on electrical treeing-induced discharges

A needle-plane electrode system was used to measure electrical treeing-induced discharges with a computer-aided partial-discharge measurement system. It was found that the time derivative of applied voltage (dv/dt) plays an important role in determining the occurrence of partial discharge (PD) and PD intensity is strongly determined by applied voltage. Based on the measurement results, a model for electrical treeing-induced discharges was proposed. The effects of applied voltage and frequency were also investigated by applying triangular voltage. The experimental results were compared with the proposed model. It was found that the model could explain the voltage and frequency dependence of electrical treeing-induced discharges. 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 118 (3): 1–12, 1997     

ac treeing of ethylene-propylene rubber in cryogenic temperature region

The authors have proved that ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR) is suitable for the solid electrical insulating material of superconducting and cryoresistive cables due to its excellent mechanical and good electrical properties. It is imperative to study the treeing resistivity of EPR in view of long-term reliability as a cable insulator. The objectives of this paper are to establish an ac treeing test method of opaque EPR samples with fillers and to examine the treeing resistivity of EPR at both liquid-nitrogen and room temperatures and the effect of fillers on treeing resistivity. It was found that EPR has enough resistance to ac treeing at liquid-nitrogen temperature and that fillers improve ac treeing resistivity slightly. High reliability of EPR insulation is expected during long-term operation at cryogenic temperature.     

交联聚乙烯电力电缆的电树枝化试验及其局部放电特征

电树枝化是影响交联聚乙烯（cross—linked polyethylene,XLPE）绝缘电力电缆长期安全运行的瓶颈,需要深入研究XLPE电缆绝缘的老化机制,尤其是电树枝化的规律,为XLPE电缆的设计制造和现场的运行管理,特别是在线诊断提供理论支撑。设计了交联聚乙烯电缆样品和相应的试验电极装置,并搭建基于实际XLPE电缆的电树枝化试验平台进行试验。结果表明该试验系统能满足XLPE电缆电树枝化试验研究的要求。以15kV的XLPE电缆作为试验样品,开展常温下工频12～21kV和50～90℃下的电树枝化试验,分析了电压和温度对电树枝形态的影响,得到电树枝局部放电的统计图谱,并将电树枝的生长发展分成4个阶段,分析了电树枝在不同生长阶段局部放电的最大放电量相位和平均放电量相位的分布,提取了其偏斜度等统计特征量,结果表明电压和温度对实际XLPE电缆中电树枝形态的影响与针一板电极得到的结果趋势相同,但是电树枝生长过程存在着一定的差异,同时最大放电量相位分布和平均放电量相位分布的3阶矩随着电树枝的生长发展而减小,可作为诊断电树枝生长发展阶段的参考量。     

阻水型中高压交联电缆阻水机理及结构的探讨

通过电缆水树的产生原因、阻水机理的分析,结合生产实际,对电缆阻水结构、试验方法进行了分析和探讨。     

聚烯烃中水树和吸水规律的研究

对聚烯烃之一的聚乙烯及改性聚乙烯的吸水特性和水树形成规律进行了研究。实验结果发现 :尽管改性聚乙烯有较大的吸水率 ,但却可以抑制水树的形成。乙烯 -丙烯酸共聚物 (EAA)和三梨糖醇在抑制聚乙烯的水树形成机理上有所不同     

Electrical treeing phenomena in two-layer silicone gel with different crosslinking degrees and its dielectric strength

Silicone gel is widely used to encapsulate power modules, and improvement of its dielectric strength has been required. So, the purpose of our research is to improve dielectric strength of silicone gel encapsulant, and we focus on crosslinking degree of silicone gel. Previous studies have shown that growth mechanism of electrical tree changes with crosslinking degree of silicone gel. This suggests the possibility that the presence of the interface by different crosslinking degrees inhibits the tree growth. In this paper, we have investigated the tree growth and breakdown characteristics in silicone gel—crosslinking degrees graded layer materials. The interfaces in our study are arrange as being vertical to the line of electric force. Consequently, it was clarified that barrier effect of interface by different crosslinking degrees and the relaxation of electric field in low crosslinking degree region retards on tree growth, which improves the dielectric strength.