基于改进MCMC方法的有限元模型修正研究

针对马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗(MCMC)模型修正方法在待修正参数维数较高时不易收敛和计算效率低下的问题,建立了融合自适应算法和相关向量机的快速模型修正方法。基于广义无偏见先验分布,推导了待修正参数的后验分布;在标准MCMC方法的基础上,引入延缓拒绝算法以提高新样本接受概率;引入自适应算法以自主调整建议分布的带宽。通过相关向量机建立待修正参数与有限元模型理论计算值之间的回归模型,以提高模型修正的计算效率。数值模拟和试验结构的模型修正结果表明,该方法的收敛速度较快,计算效率优于传统的一阶优化模型修正方法,为解决不确定性模型修正中的计算效率提供了一种新手段。     

一类基于改进Weibull分布模型电力电缆寿命评估方法

对电缆的剩余寿命进行评估是电缆寿命管理的关键环节,以往电缆寿命评估的方法中有Arrhenius方法和Weibull分布模型.对这两种方法分别进行分析,特别是确定Arrhenius模型中激活能的计算,以及应用Weibull分布模型对电缆寿命进行评估.最后以实际电缆的状态监测数据,对简化的Arrhenius模型进行仿真,说明所提出的方法是有效的.     

一类基于改进Weibull分布模型的 电力电缆寿命评估方法

对电缆的剩余寿命进行评估是电缆寿命管理的关键环节,以往电缆寿命评估的方法中有Arrhenius方法和Weibull分布模型。对这两种方法分别进行分析,特别是确定Arrhenius模型中激活能的计算,以及应用Weibull分布模型对电缆寿命进行评估。最后以实际电缆的状态监测数据,对简化的Arrhenius模型进行仿真,说明所提出的方法是有效的。     

一种基于改进MCMC算法的模型修正方法

标准马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗(MCMC)算法不易收敛、拒绝率高,使其应用受到限制。在贝叶斯方法中引入最大熵值法来估计参数的后验概率密度函数最大值,进而将布谷鸟算法中新鸟巢更新的思想融入Metropolis-Hasting(MH)抽样算法得到改进的MH抽样算法,同时使用支持向量机(SVM)建立待修正参数与有限元模型输出之间的代理模型,以提高模型修正的计算效率。分别使用三自由度线性系统和平面桁架模型来验证本文方法的有效性,结果表明:修正后样本的马尔可夫链混合性能好,停滞概率低,修正后参数相对误差均小于2%。     

竞争失效场合Weibull产品的可靠性分析

在竞争失效场合下,建立了Weibull产品的具有二项移走的逐步Ⅱ型截尾寿命试验模型.针对一般近似算法在小样本情形下精度较低的问题,以Gamma分布综合产品的先验信息,采用Gibbs抽样建立了参数的Bayes估计.利用Bootstrap方法、Bayes后验分布法分别构造了参数的置信区间.最后,利用随机模拟方法对估计结果进行了比较,结果表明在小样本情形下,Bayes比MLEs估计效果更好.     

基于Weibull模型的C/C复合材料销钉剪切强度分布及本构关系

针对C/C复合材料销钉力学性能各向异性的特点,开展基于Weibull分布模型的C/C销钉剪切强度分布及本构关系研究,探讨不同剪切方向对C/C销钉剪切强度和剪切本构的影响规律。基于两参数Weibull分布模型,采用最小二乘法获得不同剪切方向上剪切强度的分布规律;根据C/C复合材料损伤失效机制,采用基于Weibull分布的弹性损伤模型表征材料的剪切本构关系,并通过试验数据获取损伤模型中的参数。结果表明:通过Kolmogorov-Smirnov拟合优度检验,两参数Weibull分布模型能较好地表征C/C销钉剪切强度的分布规律;沿45°方向剪切的C/C销钉,其剪切强度最高;随着剪切角度的增大销钉剪切刚度逐渐降低,从0°方向上的19.46 kN/mm下降到90°方向上的12.70 kN/mm。      

结构可靠性分析的模拟重要抽样方法

提出了一种基于Kriging模拟的重要抽样方法用以结构可靠度计算。对于含有隐式极限状态方程的问题,重要抽样方法将大部分的计算时间用于结构有限元分析,这使得重要抽样的计算效率被大大降低了。而Kriging方法能够较好地模拟高度非线性的极限状态方程,并以此模拟计算代替真实的结构分析,其主要目的是为了减少蒙特卡罗方法的计算量。将此方法用于两个框架结构可靠度分析的实例,表明了该方法的有效性和较高的计算效率。     

人的可靠性模型的回归分析

根据回归分析理论,提出了建立人的可靠性单变量模型的一般方法。并在试验的基础上,利用子样试验数据,构造了小型人群的动作可靠性的单变量模型。     

一种基于Bayes方法的随机模型修正方法

提出了一种随机模型的修正方法用以估计结构参数的统计特性.基于Bayes方法的参数估计原理,将需要修正的结构参数的均值和方差看作符合一定先验概率分布的随机变量,根据核密度估计原理构建得到似然函数,进而使用基于差分进化的MCMC方法估计参数的后验概率密度,并根据最大后验概率密度准则估计结构参数的均值和方差.同时使用Kriging方法建立了结构输入和输出之间的代理模型,保证计算精度的同时极大地节约了计算时间.数值算例验证了本方法的可行性.     

基于结构可靠性方法的贝叶斯模型更新：氯盐侵蚀耐久性案例分析

贝叶斯模型更新是一种基于先验知识和最新观测数据,具有减少工程模型不确定性的计算能力的技术。通过将贝叶斯更新问题重新解释为结构可靠性问题,最新的BUS算法(即采用结构可靠性方法的贝叶斯更新)为快速和稳健的后验密度估计开辟了新的途径。为了实现氯盐侵蚀耐久性模型参数快速准确更新的目标,该文采用基于子集模拟的BUS方法。通过研究一个工程指导的复杂混凝土耐久性模型,证明了计算效率和精度。结果表明,模型参数的统计特性可以根据现场监测的信息成功地更新,并与简单拒绝采样估计的结果接近。     

Reliability analysis for electronic devices using beta‐Weibull distribution

Today, in reliability analysis, the most used distribution to describe the behavior of electronic products under voltage profiles is the Weibull distribution. Nevertheless, the Weibull distribution does not provide a good fit to lifetime datasets that exhibit bathtub‐shaped or upside‐down bathtub–shaped (unimodal) failure rates, which are often encountered in the reliability analysis of electronic devices. In this paper, a reliability model based on the beta‐Weibull distribution and the inverse power law is proposed. This new model provides a better approach to model the performance and fit of the lifetimes of electronic devices. To estimate the parameters of the proposed model, a Bayesian analysis is used. A case study based on the lifetime of a surface mounted electrolytic capacitor is presented, the results showed that the estimation of the proposed model differs from the inverse power law–Weibull and that it affects directly the mean time to failure, the failure rate, the behavior, and the performance of the capacitor under analysis.     

Control charts for monitoring the mean and percentiles of Weibull processes with variance components

In this article, we study Shewhart and exponentially weighted moving average control charts for monitoring the mean or, equivalently, the percentiles of a Weibull process when additional sources of variation, also known as variance components, are present. We adopt a frailty model to describe the monitored process. We derive analytical properties for this model and use them to develop control charts. We consider charts for the sample mean and exponentially weighted moving averages. We compare their average run length performances to their traditional counterparts when they do not account for variance components.     

基于仿真方法的可靠性试验样本大小决策

讨论分析了可靠性试验中样本大小决策的方法,提出了基于仿真的样本大小决策方法,初探了评估样本大小合理性的策略方案.针对对数正态(lognormal)可靠性分布函数,给出了仿真算法并进行了案例研究,结合实践的成本研究证明了方法是合理有效的.     

The Weibull log-logistic mixture distributions: Model,theory and application to lifetime data

Lifetime data collected from reliability tests are among data that often exhibit significant heterogeneity caused by variations in manufacturing, which makes standard lifetime models inadequate. Finite mixture models provide more flexibility for modeling such data. In this paper, the Weibull-log-logistic mixture distributions model is introduced as a new class of flexible models for heterogeneous lifetime data. Some statistical properties of the model are presented including the failure rate function, moments generating function, and characteristic function. The identifiability property of the class of all finite mixtures of Weibull-log-logistic distributions is proved. The maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) of model parameters under the Type I and Type II censoring schemes is derived. Some numerical illustrations are performed to study the behavior of the obtained estimators. The model is applied to the hard drive failure data made by the Backblaze data center, where it is found that the proposed model provides more flexibility than the univariate life distributions (Weibull, Exponential, logistic, log-logistic, Frechet). The failure rate of hard disk drives (HDDs) is obtained based on MLE estimates. The analysis of the failure rate function on the basis of SMART attributes shows that the failure of HDDs can have different causes and mechanisms.     

An Approach for Reliability Demonstration Test Based on Power‐Law Growth Model

Reliability demonstration test (RDT) is a critical and necessary step before the acceptance of an industrial system. Generally, a RDT focuses on designing a test plan through which one can judge whether the system reliability indices meet specific requirements. There are many established RDT plans, but few have incorporated the reliability growth aspects of the corresponding products. In this paper, we examine a comprehensive test plan that involves information concerning the reliability growth stage. An approach for RDT under the assumption of the power‐law model is proposed. It combines data related to the growth stage with those pertaining to the test stage of the product to reduce the cost of the test. Through simulation studies and numerical examples, we illustrate the characteristics of the test plan and significant reduction in test costs through our approach. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Reliability analysis of wind turbine subassemblies based on the 3-P Weibull model via an ergodic artificial bee colony algorithm

The Weibull distribution is the most widely used model for the reliability evaluation of wind turbine subassemblies. Considering the important role of the location parameter in the three-parameter (3-P) Weibull model and its rare application in wind turbines, this study conducted a reliability analysis of wind turbine subassemblies based on field data that obeyed the 3-P Weibull distribution model via maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). An improved ergodic artificial bee colony algorithm (ErgoABC) was proposed by introducing the chaos search theory, global best solution, and Lévy flights strategy into the classical artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm to determine the maximum likelihood estimates of the Weibull distribution parameters. This was validated against simulation calculations and proved to be efficient for high-dimensional function optimization and parameter estimation of the 3-P Weibull distribution. Finally, reliability analyses of the wind turbine subassemblies based on different types of field failure data were conducted using ErgoABC. The results show that the 3-P Weibull model can reasonably evaluate the lifetime distribution of critical wind turbine subassemblies, such as generator slip rings and main shafts, on which the location parameter has a significant effect.     

飞机可靠性分析中的混合威布尔分布参数估计方法

为更真实地描述飞机系统的失效规律,提高可靠性分析的准确性,利用混合威布尔分布建立了飞机可靠性分析模型.针对所建立的模型中参数估计困难的问题,基于K-S检验思想,以拟合优度最好为优化目标,将参数估计转化为无约束优化模型,建立了混合威布尔分布参数估计方法.将改进粒子群算法用于优化模型的求解,利用粒子群的适应度方差自动调整加速度因子,提高了优化求解效率并降低了陷入局部最优的概率.计算实例表明,该方法的参数估计精度高于其他方法,而且算法简单、易于实现,收敛速度较快,不易陷入局部最优解.     

利用可靠性模型确定电子测量设备检定周期的方法

周期检定是保障计量器具能够准确可靠地开展测量活动的重要手段.检定周期的长度影响计量器具测量活动的可靠性和计量工作的经济性.本文通过建立电子测量设备测量可靠性与使用时间关系的数学模型提出了利用可靠性模型确定电子测量设备检定周期的可靠性评估法.该方法可以有效地保证电子测量设备检定周期制定的科学性.     

A Phrase Topic Model Based on Distributed Representation

Traditional topic models have been widely used for analyzing semantic topics from electronic documents. However, the obvious defects of topic words acquired by them are poor in readability and consistency. Only the domain experts are possible to guess their meaning. In fact, phrases are the main unit for people to express semantics. This paper presents a Distributed Representation-Phrase Latent Dirichlet Allocation (DRPhrase LDA) which is a phrase topic model. Specifically, we reasonably enhance the semantic information of phrases via distributed representation in this model. The experimental results show the topics quality acquired by our model is more readable and consistent than other similar topic models.